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Zero-downtime Postgres upgrades Restarting databases without the apps noticing @ChrisSinjo

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GOCARDLESS

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POST /cash/monies HTTP/1.1 { amount: 100 }

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High per-request

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Uptime is

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No content

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Good durability guarantees

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Good durability guarantees Feature-cautious

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Good durability guarantees Feature-cautious Transactions are cool

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–Postgres “Speak to this one node.”

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Client Postgres

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Client Postgres Postgres Replication

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Client Postgres Postgres Replication

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Wake a human up

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Client Postgres Postgres Replication

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Client Postgres Postgres

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Client Postgres Postgres

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Client Postgres Postgres Replication

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Awful time-to-recovery Error-prone

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You gotta perform: - Many steps - In the right order - Perfectly

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Don’t make a tired SRE think

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Add automation

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Pacemaker A clustering tool

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Client Postgres Postgres Replication

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How do we know a node has failed?

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Jepsen https://aphyr.com/tags/jepsen

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https://aphyr.com/posts/317-jepsen-elasticsearch

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Client Postgres Postgres Replication

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Client Postgres Postgres Postgres Repl Repl

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Client Postgres Postgres Postgres Repl Repl Pacemaker Pacemaker Pacemaker

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Client Postgres Postgres Postgres Repl Repl Pacemaker Pacemaker Pacemaker VIP

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Client Postgres Postgres Postgres Repl Repl Pacemaker Pacemaker Pacemaker VIP

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Client Postgres Postgres Postgres Pacemaker Pacemaker Pacemaker VIP

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Postgres Postgres Postgres Repl Pacemaker Pacemaker Pacemaker Client VIP

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Postgres Postgres Postgres Repl Pacemaker Pacemaker Pacemaker Client VIP

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Postgres Postgres Postgres Repl Pacemaker Pacemaker Pacemaker Client VIP

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Client Postgres Postgres Postgres Repl Repl VIP Pacemaker Pacemaker Pacemaker

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$

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Seems hard, right?

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It kinda is

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You gotta know: - Postgres - Distributed systems - Pacemaker

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Get someone else to run it for you

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Client Postgres Postgres Postgres Repl Repl Pacemaker Pacemaker Pacemaker VIP

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Client Postgres Postgres Postgres Pacemaker Pacemaker Pacemaker VIP

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Client Postgres Postgres Postgres Pacemaker Pacemaker Pacemaker VIP

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Client Postgres Postgres Postgres Pacemaker Pacemaker Pacemaker VIP

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Every move means a connection reset

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Every move means dropped requests

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POST /cash/monies HTTP/1.1 { amount: 100 }

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POST /cash/monies HTTP/1.1 { amount: 100 } 500 Internal Server Error

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What does this mean for upgrades?

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Client Postgres Postgres Postgres Pacemaker Pacemaker Pacemaker VIP

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Client Postgres Postgres Postgres Pacemaker Pacemaker Pacemaker 9.4.9 9.4.9 9.4.9 VIP

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Client Postgres Postgres Postgres Pacemaker Pacemaker Pacemaker 9.4.9 9.4.9 9.4.9 Repl Repl VIP

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Client Postgres Postgres Postgres Pacemaker Pacemaker Pacemaker 9.4.10 9.4.9 9.4.10 Repl Repl VIP

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Client Postgres Postgres Postgres Repl Repl VIP Pacemaker Pacemaker Pacemaker 9.4.10 9.4.9 9.4.10

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Every upgrade means a connection reset

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Every upgrade means dropped requests

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POST /cash/monies HTTP/1.1 { amount: 100 } 500 Internal Server Error

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Solution: never upgrade

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No content

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Not upgrading is never an option

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Solution: never upgrade

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Solution: never upgrade

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Solution: ???

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1thing missing

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Client Postgres Postgres Postgres Pacemaker Pacemaker Pacemaker VIP

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Client Postgres Postgres Postgres Pacemaker Pacemaker Pacemaker PgBouncer PgBouncer PgBouncer VIP

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Client Postgres Postgres Postgres Pacemaker Pacemaker Pacemaker PgBouncer PgBouncer PgBouncer VIP

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Client Postgres Postgres Postgres Pacemaker Pacemaker Pacemaker PgBouncer PgBouncer PgBouncer VIP VIP

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PgBouncer has This One Weird Trick™

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PAUSE;

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Client Postgres Postgres Postgres Pacemaker Pacemaker Pacemaker PgBouncer PgBouncer PgBouncer VIP VIP

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Client Postgres Postgres Postgres Pacemaker Pacemaker Pacemaker PgBouncer PgBouncer PgBouncer VIP VIP PAUSE;

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Client Postgres Postgres Postgres Pacemaker Pacemaker Pacemaker PgBouncer PgBouncer PgBouncer VIP PAUSE; VIP

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Client Postgres Postgres Postgres Pacemaker Pacemaker Pacemaker PgBouncer PgBouncer PgBouncer VIP PAUSE; VIP

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So what does this mean for upgrades?

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Client Postgres Postgres Postgres Pacemaker Pacemaker Pacemaker PgBouncer PgBouncer PgBouncer VIP VIP

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Client Postgres Postgres Postgres PgBouncer PgBouncer PgBouncer VIP VIP

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Client Postgres Postgres Postgres PgBouncer PgBouncer PgBouncer VIP VIP 9.4.10 9.4.9 9.4.10

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Client Postgres Postgres Postgres PgBouncer PgBouncer PgBouncer VIP VIP 9.4.10 9.4.9 9.4.10 PAUSE;

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Client Postgres Postgres Postgres PgBouncer PgBouncer PgBouncer VIP 9.4.10 9.4.9 9.4.10 VIP PAUSE;

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Client Postgres Postgres Postgres PgBouncer PgBouncer PgBouncer VIP 9.4.10 9.4.9 9.4.10 VIP RESUME;

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Client Postgres Postgres Postgres PgBouncer PgBouncer PgBouncer VIP 9.4.10 9.4.10 9.4.10 VIP RESUME;

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$

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Caveats

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Minor versions

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9.4.9 → 9.4.10

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pglogical

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Minor versions Long-running transactions

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while(running_queries): if(now > timeout): abandon_migration else: sleep(0.1) promote_new_primary

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Minor versions Long-running transactions Pause length

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7-10s total

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$

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One more thing… (#sorrynotsorry)

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github.com/gocardless/our-postgresql-setup

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We’re hiring '❤ @ChrisSinjo @GoCardlessEng

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Thank you '❤ @ChrisSinjo @GoCardlessEng

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Questions? '❤ @ChrisSinjo @GoCardlessEng