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The
Solar
System
and
The
Aurora
Dr.
Robert
Simpson
Oxford
University
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Peppercorn
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6,300,000,000
:
1
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6,300,000,000
:
1
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Pinhead
Pinhead
Peppercorn
Peppercorn
Walnut
Hazelnut
Peanut
Peanut
6,300,000,000
:
1
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136 m
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71
m
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71
m
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71
m
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Carrington
Event
September
1st,
1859
Aurora
seen
all
over
the
world
Sparks
flew
from
telegraph
poles
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Proton
Flux
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973
Major
Solar
Flare
IntensiXes
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Proton
Flux
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973
APOLLO 11 12 14 15 16 17
Major
Solar
Flare
IntensiXes
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Proton
Flux
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973
APOLLO 11 12 14 15 16 17
Sickness
Death
Major
Solar
Flare
IntensiXes
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E=mc2
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Sun
converts
Hydrogen
into
Helium
0.7%
of
the
mass
turns
into
energy
4
million
tonnes
are
lost
per
second
E=
mc2
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3.6× 1026 W
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THE
SOLAR
WIND
Protons
and
electrons
400
km/s
(1.5
million
km/hr)
1.3
×
1036
parXcles/s
6.7
×
109
tonnes/hr
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Oxygen
Nitrogen
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Oxygen
Nitrogen
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Oxygen
Oxygen
Oxygen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
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Oxygen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Oxygen
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Oxygen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
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Huge,
empty
and
dominated
by
the
Sun.
If
the
earth
is
a
peppercorn,
Jupiter
is
a
walnut
and
the
Sun
is
a
beach
ball.
It
is
oben
what
we
cannot
see
(magneXsm,
UV)
that
is
important
in
astronomy.
THE
SOLAR
SYSTEM
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Billions
of
tonnes
of
material
moving
at
millions
of
miles
per
hour!
Charged
parXcles
excite
molecules
in
the
atmosphere
to
create
the
colours.
An
auroral
oval
that
shrinks
and
grows
with
the
solar
wind.
THE
AURORA