Slide 22
Slide 22 text
MODERN HUMAN
http://modernhuman.co @modhuman
Post-publication
The work has been published
With the publishers
The work is submitted to the peer review process
Genesis & Pre-publication
Triggers, hypotheses, research, writing, speaking, preparation and submission to a publisher
Pitching a
monograph based
on a PhD
Solo reseacher activities
Research & publishing experience map What academics do from genesis to publication of research
Change the world
My goal is to reach and affect the widest possible
audience, including the public, policy makers, industry as
well as academics. My attitudes and publishing strategies
reflect this goal.
Excellent mentor
My goal is to provide the best possible foundation of
experience and skills for the researchers whom I have
responsibility for. My attitudes and publishing strategies
reflect this goal.
The expert
My goal is to become the acknowledged expert in my
field, the benefits accrued through this will permeate
throughout my department and discipline. My attitudes
and publishing strategies reflect this goal.
Explore my field
My goal is to explore my field. The process of discovery
and refining my proposition is everything to me.
Publishing as such, is not central to my work and my
attitudes and publishing strategies reflect this.
This is the
opportunity to
follow my interests
Relinquishing
control of work
Pay APC
Monitor the works
effects
Watch the
metrics e.g.
Academia.edu
View followers
View citations
Include work in
CV
Appointments
and career
development
Maintain list of
published work
Follow academic
metric e.g.
Impact Factor
Collate material
for REF
statement
Research
Excellence
Framework
Establish
ownership of
work
Publishing work
to get a job
Publishing work
to get a
promotion
Research group activities
stem
Research is
initiated
Collaborative
activities e.g.
internal reviews
The problem
Problems are
formulated
Writing and
development
Keep notes and
drafts
Rewrite /
Redraft
Publish to
establish
ownership
Selecting
appropriate
publishing unit
e.g. book, article
Selection of
language
Assimilate new
input to your
existing mental
model
A request for a
contribution or to
speak
Broaden idea
base at a
conference
Communicating
with immediate
peers
Discipline groups
Structuring the
ideas into
chapters
Rewrite /
Redraft
Manage junior
researchers
writing tasks
Upload to
publisher e.g.
manuscript
central
Negotiate &
agree contract
with publisher
Send example
work e.g.
working paper
or chapter
Conference
presentation to
refine ideas and
language
Consider merit
of sharing prior
to publication
Publish data
sets / image sets
Triggers Research genesis
Personal research over a lifetime: Assimilate new input to your existing mental model.
The line between research genesis and maturation is indistinct.
Research maturation
Ideas are collected
continuously e.g.
notebooks
A new perspective
on an existing idea
New funding
becomes available
Existing research is
extended
Formal literature
review
Funds are actively
sought to fund an
idea
Problems are
fully understood
Doing the research Sharing during
research
Assimilate new input to your existing mental model (Note: this never stops)
Writing and trying ideas out: The filtering
process is an external distributed process
Arranging
seminars
Gaining input
from seminars
Arranging a
specific
conference
Communicating
with peers e.g.
departmental,
discipline
Recording notes,
data and
technical
information
Preparing for
publication
e.g.LaTeX
Technical
reports
Collected data
Thinking really
really hard
Organise
publication
Prior to submission
Organise
publication
Negotiate &
agree contract
with publisher
Communicate
with publisher /
editor
Sharing prior to
submission
Upload to
publisher e.g.
manuscript
central
Sharing prior to
submission
Continue to
explore topic via
a seminar
Teaching
Departmental
activities
Organising
PostDoc / JRF
researchers
Manage /
monitor group
activity
Organise group
work e.g. who
writes what
Existing research
groups
Selection of
journal or
publishing house
Consider Impact
or the need to
publish
A new grant opens
Drawing on
external ideas
and views
Choosing and
inviting
attendees
Planning the
group
Creating a new
research group
Initiating the
new group
Establishing the
new group
Review peer
review
comments
Respond to
comments
Revise the work
Choose another
publishing outlet
Revision /
Resubmission
Editorial
rejection
Infer who the
reviewers are
Build
relationship with
an editor
Editorial / Peer
review process
Publish to a
personal website
Publish to a
departmental
website
Publish to a
specialist
website
Conference
presentation to
establish
ownership
Prior to publication
Sharing prior to
publication
Sharing prior to
publication
Publish to a
specialist
website
Peer reviewed
publication
process
Relinquishing
control
Pay APC
Post publication
Contributing to
the REF business
case
Monitor the works
effects
Watch the
metrics e.g.
Academia.edu
View followers
View citations
Follow academic
metric e.g.
Impact Factor
Appointments
and career
development
Research
Excellence
Framework
Include work in
CV
Maintain list of
published work
Collate material
for REF
statement
Publishing work
to get a new job
Publishing work
to get a
promotion
Contributing to
the REF business
case
Emotional engagement
University
Organisational touchpoints
External
funding
organisations
Publishing
houses
Online
repositories
& archives
⁃ Funding councils
⁃ Independent funding
bodies
⁃ Industry investment
⁃ Research office
⁃ Department
⁃ administrator
⁃ email
⁃ telephone call
⁃ Human Resources
⁃ Teaching work
⁃ University
procurement
⁃ E.g. Academia.edu,
SSRN
⁃ Organising writing
sabbatical
SOLO
⁃ Collaborative
conference or
seminar
SOLO
⁃ Enterprise advice
External
organisations
stem
⁃ Patent consultancy
⁃ Patent lawyers
stem
⁃ Publishing
negotiations
⁃ Departmental
website team
stem SOLO
⁃ APC payments
Research Office
⁃ Rights owners
SOLO
⁃ Reject
⁃ Review
⁃ Discuss
⁃ Seek extra funds
⁃ Posting to repository
stem
⁃ Departmental
website team
⁃ Posting torepository
⁃ Department REF
admin
⁃ REF assessment
⁃ Department
⁃ HR
⁃ Personal website
⁃ Academic tools e.g.
Symplectic
⁃ Proof of open access
⁃ Monitor metrics
+
_ Collaborative
proposals take so
much time
Research, this is
what it's all about
Pitching work to
publishers is really
hard
Publishing
decisions are hard
solo
PhD
SOLO
Publishing
decisions are hard
stem
I love to share my
work
I don't like to let go Rejection isn't nice
I love to share my
work
REF is such a
pressure
Everything
depends on where
I publish
JRF
AHSS
stem
Formulate and
write proposal
and budget
Present or
defend proposal
Proposal
review
process
REF - pressure to
publish
Teaching
Departmental
activities
Organising
PostDoc / JRF
researchers
Ideas are filtered
through group
peers
stem
Ideas are filtered
through group
peers
stem
REF - pressure to
publish
Solo
Publish to
establish
ownership
Solo
Solo Individual research STEM STEM research
Establish
ownership of
work
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
Extrinsically motivated
e Intrinsically motivated
i
e
Publish to a
departmental
website
e
Publish to a
personal website
i
e
To receive
royalty
payments
e
Solo
Conference
presentation to
establish
ownership e
Share data sets /
image sets
STEM
e
i
e
Continue to
explore via
seminar
i
Solo
STEM
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
e
AH AH research
Source copyright
material e.g.
images
Arrange
permission for
copyright
material
Pay for
copyright
material
Find funding for
copyright
images
Solo
Solo
i
STEM
e
Supply work to
publisher
Receive
publication time
plan
Upload to
publisher e.g.
manuscript
central
Supply work to
publisher
Receive
publication time
plan
Map out next
steps based on
publication
timetable
Map out next
steps based on
publication
timetable
Map out next
steps based on
publication
timetable
Early interaction
with publisher
Solo
STEM
e
e
i
i
i
Business strategy
Patent
application
Seek advise
STEM
stem
stem
stem
Discuss ideas
with a publisher
Early interaction
with publisher
Solo
Determine
publishing
strategy
Formulate and
write proposal
and budget
Communicate
proposal
Present or
defend proposal
Proposal
review
process
Great to see the
research having an
effect
!
!
Pain point
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
! !
! !
'harvesting' journal
articles from a PhD
thesis
!
!
⁃ email
⁃ telephone call
SOLO
⁃ Collaborative
conference or
seminar
SOLO
Communicate
with publisher /
editor
Upload to
publisher e.g.
manuscript
central
!
!
Determine
publishing
strategy
Consider merit
of sharing prior
to publication
Selection of
journal or
publishing house
based on
knowledge of
audience
Selection of
journal or
publishing house
based on metric
or prestige
Selecting
appropriate
publishing unit
e.g. book, article
Generate
multiple papers
during the
research
!
PhD
Junior academic
stem SOLO stem SOLO stem SOLO stem SOLO stem SOLO stem SOLO
stem SOLO
stem SOLO stem SOLO
stem SOLO
stem SOLO stem SOLO
stem SOLO stem SOLO stem SOLO
stem SOLO
stem SOLO
Correct errors
created by the
publisher
!
!
!
Map out next
steps based on
publication
timetable
!
!
1
3
4
5
6
7
8
10
2
9
Notes about pain points
(an * indicates that the pain point is a duplicate for
solo and group based research)
1 Pitching a monograph based on a PhD. PhD students and
PostDoc researchers feel intense pressure to publish their thesis
through a prestigious publisher or journal. Usually as a
monograph (AHSS) or extracting papers for journals (STEM)
*
2 REF pressure. Academics, particularly those in the early stages
of their career, feel a compelling pressure to publish material.
Anecdotally, their publishing related strategies appear skewed
toward quantity of publications, rather than fewer with more
cohesive narratives.
3 Map out next steps based on publication timetable. Reliable
publication timescales appear to be rare. Understanding when
work will be released publicly is essential to the planning of
future publications, next steps in research, appointments,
promotions, REF and grant applications to name but a few
instances. Note: new publishers e.g. Openbook and eLife have
differentiated themselves by focussing on providing reliable
publishing timescales.
4 Determine publishing strategy How, when, where and what to
publish is a complex decision. Factors include: the status of the
topic in the wider academic community, the perceived impact of the
work, the need to publish, the desired audience, timing in relation to
similar work and the presentation style. Note: Early career
academics are rarely able to practice this decision making
process. Additionally, the complete range of factors determining
the outcome of a publishing decision have not been identified in
this study. Research to Identify the range of factors is highly
recommended.
5 Pay for copyright material. The type and amount of material
nor the final publication media are know in advance of
completing work, making it hard to plan for and fund licensing
copyright material. Open Access publication models will
complicate this as volume may not be prescribed in the initial
contract.
6 Pay APC (after acceptance). The tasks and responsibilities
surrounding the organisation, management and payment of APC
charges are confusing and surrounded by myth and rumour.
Adoption of and engagement with Open Access is hindered by
anxiety centred around loss of academic autonomy.
10 Appointments and career development. Peoples approach to
publishing varies between fatalism and optimistic determination.
PostDoc and early career academics perceive an unequivocal link
between the prestige of the publisher or journal and their career.
The current publishing system is opaque, complex and changing
rapidly. The success of their career hangs on publishing early,
frequently and for maximum prestige. The decisions that lead to
publishing are difficult to judge there are opportunities to more
junior academics make these decisions better whatever their
attitude is to begin with.
7 Negotiate & agree contract with publisher. The publishing
landscape has changed substantially since senior academics
learnt their negotiating skills. The established processes of
sharing wisdom and skills with junior academics has been
overturned. Contract negotiation is now tackled with little
opportunity for rehearsal. People are apprehensive about their
legal position regarding their work and their responsibility to
Open Access.
8 Publish to a departmental website. People will always take the
path of least resistance to complete a task, particularly tasks
where the value to the individual is perceived as minimal e.g.
engaging with university / departmental IT services to update
webpages or adopting 'new' services like DSpace. People around
the university are inundated with information, services and
requests for help where the value to the individual is hard to see.
The case for using services needs to be coupled to value and
aligned to a path of low resistance.
9 Research Excellence Framework. Everyone is completing the
REF for the first time and therefore it's not well understood. Lack
of understanding breeds disquiet and myths are advanced.
Politically, it appears, the REF should be deplored, leading to an
increased circulation of REF myths.
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WANTS TO CHANGE THE WORLD
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%$&.*5281',1)250$7,21 I’ve been a senior lecturer for many years now. I try to use my
publishing experiences to help junior members of my team because I
know that the pressure on them is more intense than it used to be. I
use every opportunity to push them to network and to publish in
relevant publications.
What motivates me
Setting aside my life commitment to research, I get most satisfaction from helping early
career researchers develop their reputation and their academic skills. I want to improve
academia simply because I recognise that there are limited opportunities to learn from
mistakes. The publishing landscape is too complex and the stakes are too high for it to be
left to chance.
Where I want to get to
My experiences of academia as a PostDoc researcher left me feeling that there should be
more guidance for young academics by demonstrating not just what to do but also how to
and when to do work. A quick, consistent publishing process while supporting researchers’
goals is important. I want to amplify change through academia by mentoring people and
guiding the next generation of academics. Therefore I recommend Open Access publishing
LQDOOLWVIRUPVRYHUSXEOLVKLQJWKURXJKSXEOLVKLQJYHKLFOHVUXQIRUSURĆWEXW,VHHWKDWWKLV
isn’t an easy choice for many early career researchers.
Experience goals
Junior academics only have a limited amount of time to do research, write and publish their
work where it can be counted toward REF, while academics seeking promotion need to be
able to present published work in readiness for the appointment process, or they stand to
wait another year for the work to count toward their job prospects. Therefore publishing in
a transparent, easy way to navigate, while demonstrating fair play is important to me.
What frustrates me
The nature of academic employment is changing. There are more researchers than there
are permanent academic positions. The pressure on them to publish in order to get a job
has never been greater. The publishing decisions that a junior researcher makes will have
profound effects on the direction and success of their career. The decision making process
is complex, factors like where to publish, when to share publicly, how to best present the
work are poorly understood at the beginning of a career, and on top of that they’re poorly
communicated.
What I think about Open Access
I’m concerned that the RCUKs proposal for Open Access will lead to a ‘committee’ having
control over what is deemed acceptable research. The advent of Open Access will change
the environment again and will need to be incorporated into graduate training too and that
will change the strategies for publishing.
WANTS TO BE THE BEST MENTOR
“I know early career researchers
are under so much pressure so I try
and mentor and support them the
best I can.”
I’ve been a Reader for several years now. I use my publishing
experiences to help junior members of my group because I know the
pressure on them to publish in order to get a job has never been
greater. I use every opportunity to push them to network and to
publish in relevant publications.
What motivates me
I get a lot of satisfaction from helping early career researchers develop their reputation and
their academic skills. My experiences as a PostDoc researcher left me feeling that there
should be more guidance for young academics. I want to provide this guidance by
demonstrating not just what to do but also how and when to do work.
Where I want to get to
I want to improve academia. I want research to be judged on its own merits not on the
vechile of distrubution. I recommend Open Access publishing over publishers who make a
SURĆWEXW,VHHWKDWWKLVLVQèWDQHDV\FKRLFHIRUPDQ\HDUO\FDUHHUUHVHDUFKHUV I believe I
can amplify change by mentoring people and guiding the next generation of academics.
My approach
Junior academics only have a limited amount of time to do research, write and publish their
work where it can be counted toward REF. Academics seeking promotion need to be able to
present published work in time for the appointment process. If they’re not ready they have
to wait another year for the work to count toward their job prospects. Once it didn’t matter
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long the process will take and be able to rely on that.
A quick, consistent publishing process which supports researchers’ goals is important.
Publishing in a transparent, easy to navigate way, while demonstrating fair play is important
to me.
What frustrates me
The nature of academic employment is changing. There are more researchers than there
are permanent academic positions. The publishing decisions that a junior researcher makes
will have profound effects on the direction and success of their career. The decision
making process is complex, knowing where to publish, when to share publicly and how to
best present your work are poorly understood at the beginning of a career. On top of that
they’re poorly communicated.
What I think about Open Access
I’m concerned that the RCUKs proposal for Open Access will lead to a ‘committee’ having
control over what is deemed acceptable research. The advent of Open Access will change
the environment again and will need to be incorporated into graduate training too and that
will change the strategies for publishing.
Christine, 49
INFLUENCES AND MOTIVATIONS
REF
Status quo
Seeks credit
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Mentor juniors
([SORUHĆHOG
Technology use
Career
Strategic
Focussed
Broadcast
Emergent
PUBLISHING APPROACH
KEY CHARACTERISTICS
Shares her experience widely
Actively seeks new technologies
Structured work to deadlines
College position: N/A
Departmental position: Reader
Discipline: Mathematics
Style of work: Group
Published: Journals, books, conferences
BACKGROUND INFORMATION
“I want to be the expert that people
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WANTS TO BE THE EXPERT
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Where I want to get to
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Why are they a challenge?
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“I’ve been working on this project for
15 years but I only sat down to write
the book 3 months ago.”
WANTS TO EXPLORE HIS FIELD
I’ve been a professor for 5 years now. I’ve had opportunities that
have led to my appointments, but I feel they’ve mostly occurred as a
result of the work that I’ve carried out, not through planning.
What motivates me
I thrive on exploring every last detail and nuance of my area of study. It’s the most
important part of my academic life. Of course, I’d like it if my work made a difference to
other people, but I don’t let that affect what I do. I do research for it’s own sake.
Where I want to get to
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delightfully unachievable goal. Nothing pleases me more than to hear a new idea or
perspective that allows me to see my research in a new light and explore new paths.
Talking about my research at conferences and as a lecturer help me to structure my
thoughts and allows me to explore the language I use to describe and communicate my
ideas. For me writing a monograph is just a way to document my work; I like to look at it as a
part of the thinking process rather than a strategic way of publishing.
My approach
I really enjoy doing research and challenging my understanding of my subject. It provides
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an intrusion on my research and it can take a long time.
Over the years I have developed my own personal ways of working. They suit me, but I don’t
think these are necessarily transferable to junior academics, and I’ve never really thought
abuot my publishing strategy in much detail.
What frustrates me
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Having to go through the publishing process is often just an extra chore; I want to spend my
time researching rather than reviewing and publishing. I add a lot of images to my
publications which can be expensive and hard to estimate for at the beginning of a project.
What I think about Open Access
I’m concerned by any change to the publishing landscape. I don’t know much about Open
Access, it’s confusing and I don’t see how it will be useful. There’s only a small group of
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I’m worried what effect Open Access will have on my publishing choices. How can a
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Roger, 56
INFLUENCES AND MOTIVATIONS
REF
Status quo
Seeks credit
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Mentor juniors
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Technology use
Career
Strategic
Focussed
Broadcast
Emergent
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KEY CHARACTERISTICS
Doesn’t share until he’s ready
Focus on discipline, not department
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College position: N/A
Departmental position: Professor
Discipline: Philosophy
Style of work: solo
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168
ACTIONS
2
DISTINCT
PROCESSES