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In Limbo Managing Transitional States

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Jeremy Smith @jeremysmithco

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Limbo What I mean by

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Limbo an intermediate or transitional place or state a state of uncertainty

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In Limbo Lundy, Fastnet, Irish Sea Ive got a message I cant read Im lost at sea Dont bother me Ive lost my way

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My Meaning The incremental process of making a complex change to a software system in use.

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My Meaning The incremental process of making a complex change to a software system . in use

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My Meaning The incremental process of making a change to a software system in use. complex

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My Meaning The incremental process of making a complex change to a in use. software system

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Some examples

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Dependency Change gem acts_as_paranoid client .find( ) client.destroy client.persisted? client.deleted_at client .find( ) client.really_destroy! client.persisted? client .all client .with_deleted "paranoia" class < end >> = >> >> >> >> = >> >> >> = >> = Client ApplicationRecord Client 1 Client 2 Client Client # => true # => 2025-04-03 4:26:02 PM # => false # Only clients not soft-deleted # All clients

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Dependency Change class < end class < end >> = >> >> >> >> acts_as_paranoid has_many , belongs_to client .find( ) client.emails.size client.destroy client.persisted? client.reload.emails.size Client ApplicationRecord Email ApplicationRecord :emails dependent: :destroy :client Client 1 # => 74 # => true # => 0

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Dependency Change gem :: .discard_column client .find( ) client.discard client.persisted? client.deleted_at client .find( ) client.destroy client.persisted? client .all client .kept "discard" class < include = end >> = >> >> >> >> = >> >> >> = >> = Client ApplicationRecord Discard Model self :deleted_at Client 1 Client 2 Client Client # => true # => 2025-04-03 4:26:02 PM # => false # All clients # Only clients not soft-deleted

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Schema Change class < end enum , { , , } User ApplicationRecord :role regular: manager: admin: "regular" "manager" "admin"

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Schema Change class < end class < end class < end class < end has_many belongs_to belongs_to has_many belongs_to belongs_to validates , , User ApplicationRecord Membership ApplicationRecord MembershipRole ApplicationRecord Role ApplicationRecord :memberships :user :team :membership_roles :membership :role :name presence: true uniqueness: true

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Data Process Change class < def end private def new end end has_one_attached update!( calculate_unique_word_count) . (plain_text, ).calculate Document ApplicationRecord update_metadata! calculate_unique_word_count :file unique_word_count: WordCountCalculator unique: true

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Data Process Change class def = = end def = ? end private attr_reader end (text, ) @text text.to_s @unique unique words text.split( ) unique words.uniq.count : words.count , WordCountCalculator initialize calculate unique: false :text :unique / / \s+

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Why Not All-At-Once

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Why Not All-At-Once Integration

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Why Not All-At-Once Integration Release

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Why Not All-At-Once Integration Release Reversion

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Why Not All-At-Once Integration Release Reversion Cognitive Load

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Why Not All-At-Once Integration Release Reversion Cognitive Load Stress

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Story Time

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CSS Frameworks Migrating

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Constraints

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Constraints No Blocking Other Work

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Constraints No Blocking Other Work No Long-Running Branches

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Constraints No Blocking Other Work No Long-Running Branches No All-At-Once Switchover

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Constraints No Blocking Other Work No Long-Running Branches No All-At-Once Switchover No Side Quests

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Constraints No Side Quests

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Discovery

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Discovery * Which default components are being used? * What Bootstrap Javascript is being used? * Is the provided icon set being used, or is it another one? * Are there any Bootstrap extensions being used? * How has the framework been extended or modified? * How much custom CSS depends on the existence of Bootstrap classes? * What Bootstrap classes are being relied on for custom Javascript or tests?

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Destination

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Inventory

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Inventory # Views # Partials # Helpers # Libraries app/views/layouts/application.html.erb app/views/dashboard/index.html.erb app/views/accounts/index.html.erb app/views/admin/accounts/index.html.erb app/views/admin/accounts/show.html.erb app/views/shared/_alert.html.erb app/views/shared/_footer.html.erb app/views/shared/_navbar.html.erb ActivityHelper#activity_model_classes ActivityHelper#activity_event_names simple_form-bootstrap bootstrap-toggle

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Preliminary Tasks

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Preliminary Tasks <% admin_context? %> < >< = >Back to Dashboard <% %> < >< = >Admin <% %> if else end li a a li li a a li href href "<%= dashboard_path %>" "<%= admin_root_path %>"

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Preliminary Tasks module def ** ** end def & = do end = & end end (name, url, , options) tag.li(link_to(name, url, options), [ ]) (name, ) toggle link_to , , { } safe_join [name, tag.span( )] menu tag.ul( , ) tag.li(safe_join([toggle, menu]), ) NavigationHelper nav_link nav_dropdown active: false class: active: class: data: toggle: class: class: class: "#" "dropdown-toggle" "dropdown" "caret" "dropdown-menu" "dropdown"

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Preliminary Tasks // Form input event listener // … $ ready $ on (document). ( () { ( ). ( , () { }); }); function function ".form-control" "input" # Feature spec using Capybara RSpec with: text: .feature scenario visit new_notes_path fill_in , click_button expect(page).to have_selector( , ) "Note management" "User creates a note" "body" "This is my new note." "Save" "div.alert-success" "Your note was saved." do do end end

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Setup

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SEtup class < private def % || end end helper_method params[ ].presence_in( w[bootstrap tailwind]) ApplicationController ActionController::Base css_framework :css_framework :css_framework "bootstrap"

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SEtup < > < ><%= page_title %> < = > <%= javascript_include_tag %> <% css_framework %> <%= stylesheet_pack_tag %> <%= javascript_pack_tag , %> <% %> <% css_framework %> <%= stylesheet_link_tag %> <%= javascript_pack_tag %> <% %> head title title meta head charset "utf-8" "application" "tailwind" "tailwind" "application" "tailwind" "bootstrap" "application" "application" if == end if == end

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SEtup # Partials # Helpers app/views/shared/_alert.html.erb app/views/shared/_footer.html.erb app/views/shared/_navbar.html.erb app/views/shared/bootstrap/_alert.html.erb app/views/shared/bootstrap/_footer.html.erb app/views/shared/bootstrap/_navbar.html.erb ActivityHelper#activity_model_classes ActivityHelper#activity_event_names ActivityHelper#bootstrap_activity_model_classes ActivityHelper#bootstrap_activity_event_names

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SEtup class < private def % || end end class < private def end end helper_method params[ ].presence_in( w[bootstrap tailwind]) ApplicationController ActionController::Base css_framework DashboardController ApplicationController css_framework :css_framework :css_framework "tailwind" "bootstrap" # ...

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SEtup class < def = super end def = super end private def end end (method, options {}) (method, options.merge( )) (method, options {}) (method, options.merge( )) TailwindFormBuilder ActionView::Helpers::FormBuilder text_field text_area default_classes class: :class class: :class "#{options[ ]} #{default_classes}" "#{options[ ]} #{default_classes}" "w-full border-gray-300 shadow-inner disabled:bg-gray-100 focus:ring-2" # ...

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SEtup class < end class < end default_form_builder default_form_builder ApplicationController ActionController::Base DashboardController ApplicationController TailwindFormBuilder BootstrapFormBuilder

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Incremental Steps

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Take Notes, Not Side Quests

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Teardown

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Summary 3 months 30 Pull Requests

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Billing from User Decoupling

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Discovery

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Discovery ### ChangeUserPlan Description: * Updates user plan, and category and name if necessary * Sets user expired_at to nil Called From: * SubscriptionsController#upgrade * StripeEvent#customer_subscription_created * ConvertAccountTypeWorker#process #### EndFreeTrialWorker Description: * Set user trial_ends_at to current time Called From: * Admin::UsersController#end_free_trial

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Discovery ### UpdateStripeEmailWorker If the user changes their email address, should this still update the billing email in Stripe? ### CreateStripeSubscriptionWorker This worker isn't called from anywhere in the system. Can we safely remove it?

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Destination

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Inventory

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Inventory ### Data * users.stripe_customer_id * users.email * users.coupon * users.trial_ends_at * users.expired_at * users.billing_address ... ### Methods * StripeEventHandlers#charge_succeeded * StripeEventHandlers#customer_subscription_created * StripeEvent#update_trial * CreateStripeCustomer.call * CreateStripeSubscription.call ...

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Preliminary Tasks

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Preliminary Tasks class def return if = return if = return if new end end (stripe_charge_id) stripe_charge_id.blank? stripe_customer_id :: .retrieve(stripe_charge_id).customer stripe_customer_id.blank? user .find_by( stripe_customer_id) user.locked_out? . .perform(user.id) .disputed_payment_email(user.id).deliver_now DisputedPaymentWorker perform Stripe Charge User stripe_customer_id: LockOutUserWorker SupportMailer

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Setup

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SEtup class < def do end end end [ ] create_table |t| t.references , , , { } t.references , , t.references , , t.string , t.string t.datetime t.datetime t.string ... t.timestamps add_index , , CreateBillingAccounts ActiveRecord::Migration change 7.1 :billing_accounts :account null: false foreign_key: true index: unique: true :plan null: false foreign_key: true :address null: true foreign_key: true :coupon limit: 30 :stripe_customer_id :trial_ends_at :expired_at :email :billing_accounts :stripe_customer_id unique: true

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SEtup class < def return if end end belongs_to belongs_to has_one , , accepts_nested_attributes_for , account.admin_user.blank? update!( account.admin_user.coupon, account.admin_user.stripe_customer_id, account.admin_user.trial_ends_at, account.admin_user.expired_at, ) Billing::Account ApplicationRecord sync! :account :plan :address as: :addressable dependent: :destroy :address update_only: true false coupon: stripe_customer_id: trial_ends_at: expired_at: ...

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SEtup namespace desc task :: .in_batches.each_with_index |relation, batch_index| billing_account_ids relation.ids .perform_bulk(billing_account_ids.map { |id| [id] }) (billing_account_id) billing_account :: .find(billing_account_id) billing_account.sync! :billing_accounts sync_all: :environment Billing Account puts 1 SyncBillingAccountWorker Billing Account do do do = + end end end class def = end end "Sync all billing accounts" "Scheduling batch ##{batch_index }, size: #{billing_account_ids.size}" SyncBillingAccountWorker perform

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Incremental Steps

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Incremental steps Dual write Change source of truth Remove original

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Dual write # Before # After # Remove on cleanup class def = = end end class def = = do end end end (user_id) user .find(user_id) customer .call( user) user.update!( customer.id) (account_id) account .find(account_id) customer .call( account.admin_user) :: .transaction account.billing_account.update!( customer.id) account.admin_user.update!( customer.id) CreateStripeCustomerWorker perform CreateStripeCustomerWorker perform User CreateStripeCustomer user: stripe_customer_id: Account CreateStripeCustomer user: ActiveRecord Base stripe_customer_id: stripe_customer_id:

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Change source of truth # Before # Remove on cleanup # After def return unless && = do end end def return unless && = end user user.expired_at.blank? expiration .current :: .transaction user.update!( expiration) billing_account.update!( expiration) billing_account billing_account.expired_at.blank? expiration .current ... customer_subscription_deleted customer_subscription_deleted Time ActiveRecord Base expired_at: expired_at: Time

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Remove original # Before # TODO: Remove on cleanup # After class def = do = end end end class def = end end (account_id) account .find(account_id) :: .transaction trial_end .current account.billing_account.update!( trial_end) account.admin_user.update!( trial_end) (account_id) account .find(account_id) account.billing_account.update!( .current) EndFreeTrialWorker perform EndFreeTrialWorker perform Account ActiveRecord Base Time trial_ends_at: trial_ends_at: Account trial_ends_at: Time

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Discrepancies class < end belongs_to belongs_to has_one , , normalizes , (email) { email.to_s.strip.downcase } ... Billing::Account ApplicationRecord :account :plan :address as: :addressable dependent: :destroy :email with: ->

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Teardown

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Summary 6 months 42 Pull Requests

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a Pattern Perhaps there is

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Discovery Before During After Destination Inventory Setup Prelim Incremental Steps Teardown

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Discovery Before During After

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Before During After Destination

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Before During After Inventory

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Before During After Prelim

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Before During After Setup

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Before During After Incremental Steps

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Before During After Incremental Steps

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Before During After Teardown

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Why

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Why Unrecognized Work

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Until you make the unconscious conscious, it will direct your life and you will call it fate. Carl Jung

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Why Unrecognized Work Unfinished Transitions

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Why Unrecognized Work Unfinished Transitions Left in Limbo

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Lundy, Fastnet, Irish Sea Ive got a message I cant read Im lost at sea Dont bother me Ive lost my way

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Thank you