Finding Meaning in Operational Data

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Finding Meaning in your Operational Data Presented by Brad Lhotsky

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Who Am I? • Systems and Security  at Craigslist • Infrastructure Monitoring & Security  at Booking.com • Recovering • Perl Programmer • Linux/BSD Systems Admin • Network Security Specialist • PostgreSQL Administrator • ElasticSearch Janitor • DNS Voyeur • OSSEC Core Team Member

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Expectations ‣Operational Data Types ‣Uses for Operational Data ‣Meaningful Features ‣Data Stores and Brad, A Love Story?

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Operational Data Types

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Administrative & Meta-Data ‣ Inventory ‣ Hardware ‣ Software ‣ Builds or Roles ‣ Services ‣ Users and Groups ‣ Employee/Contractor ‣ Managers ‣ ACLs

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Monitoring ‣ State ‣ OK / NOT OK ‣ UP / DOWN ‣ Package Version ‣ Time Series ‣ Counter ‣ Rate ‣ Statistical Summaries

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Events ‣ State Changes ‣ Package Updated ‣ Service Stopped ‣ System Events ‣ Syslog Message ‣ SNMP Traps ‣ Application Events ‣ Access ‣ Errors ‣ Traces

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Uses for Operational Data Deving and Oping Your Data

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Monitoring and Metrics

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-Nicole Forsgren - Monitorama PDX 2016 How Metrics Shape Your Culture “Metrics are your culture.”

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"How Metrics Shape Your Culture" • You can't improve what you don't measure • Always measure things that matter • Things measured are things managed • Metrics can be gamed • Metrics inform incentives • Not everything that can be counted counts • Hard to measure doesn't mean it isn't worth measuring

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... and that's probably O.K. All of your monitoring is probably wrong.

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Automation ‣ Can a Machine read my data? ‣ Autoscale ‣ Trend detection ‣ Service Level Roll Ups ‣ Reporting

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Capacity Planning ‣ Predicting System Stress Levels ‣ Make Intelligent Projections ‣ Test those predictions

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Alerting ‣ Disrupting People's Lives at 95% Disk Full ‣ Thresholds -> Change Detection ‣ State Changes

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Anomaly Detection • Anomalies != Alerts • 1 million metrics per minute • 0.3% at a distance of > 3σ • 4.3 Million Anomalies / day

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Statistics Sidebar • Your data probably isn't normal • You need to use modeling to perform anomaly detection • The residuals should ﬁt a normal distribution • Modeling is only possible if you can explore and interact with the data • There are algorithms and their parameters matter

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Exploration

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R Studio R OpenSource Programming Language IDE

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R's Tidyverse Common data-cleanup, normalization, manipulation, and display

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Apache Kafka & Spark Robust data pipeline with interactivity and deployment capabilities

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Meaningful Features

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Open and Extensible ‣ Integrations with other projects ‣ Open API ‣ Good Documentation ‣ Modular / Plugin Structure ‣ Community

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Reliability vs. Performance

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Retention ‣ How easy is it to age data off? ‣ What regulations of laws apply to the data? ‣ Expectations from: ‣ Customers ‣ Employees ‣ Managers ‣ Peers ‣ Legal

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Privacy and Security ‣ What do you keep on your users in your ops data? ‣ Who might come calling for it? ‣ How comfortable are you handing it over to Trump? ‣ Anyone hear about MongoDB? ‣ Can the store provide RBAC?

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Places People Stick DevOps Datas

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‣ Large Community ‣ Forks and Oracle ‣ Performance First ‣ SQL Interface ‣ Limited Data Types ‣ Web > BI ‣ Suitable for Administrative Data

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‣ Large Community ‣ Reliability First ‣ Open and Extensible ‣ PGXN ‣ CitusData ‣ GreenPlum ‣ EnterpriseDB ‣ Native Support for IP Addresses ‣ Extensible Data Types ‣ Suitable for Administrative Data

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‣ Large Community ‣ Interchangeable Components, ala, MicroServices ‣ Simple API ‣ Rampant Open Source Adoption ‣ Scalable ‣ Compatibility ‣ Grafana, Statsd, Riemann, Bosun, Cabot, Seyren ‣ etc., etc., ‣ Suitable for Time Series Data ‣ Smallest Resolution: seconds

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security.logging.indexer.*.total Metrics: Wildcards

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sumSeries(security.logging.indexer.*.total) Combining Metrics

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alias(sumSeries(security.logging.indexer.*.total),”Today") alias( timeShift( sumSeries(security.logging.indexer.*.total), “7d"), "Last Week") Comparing Metrics

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alias(alpha(color(areaBetween( holtWintersConfidenceBands( maxSeries(general.es.*.jvm.mem.heap_used_bytes) ) ),“gray"),0.1),"Hot Winter Confidence Bands”) color(alias( maxSeries(general.es.*.jvm.mem.heap_used_bytes), "Max Heap Size"),"red") Advanced Tricks

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‣ Metrics 2.0 (metrics support tagging) ‣ Hadoop / Hbase backed ‣ SQL-like Language ‣ Zero Data Loss ‣ Compatibility ‣ Carbon, Grafana, Statsd, Riemann, Bosun ‣ Suitable for Time Series Data ‣ Smallest Resolution: milliseconds

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‣ Metrics 2.0 (metrics support tagging) ‣ SQL-like Language ‣ Zero Data Loss ‣ Compatibility ‣ Carbon, Grafana, Statsd, Riemann, Bosun ‣ Suitable for Time Series Data ‣ Smallest Resolution: nanoseconds

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‣ Well Documented API ‣ Many Open Source Integrations ‣ Lucene backed text search ‣ Scalable ‣ "Jepsen ElasticSearch" re:CAP

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Recap

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Data Types Meta-Data State Time Series Events Graphite No No Yes Kinda InﬂuxDB Kinda Yes Yes Kinda OpenTSDB Kinda Yes Yes Kinda MySQL Yes Yes No Kinda PostgreSQL Yes Yes No Kinda ElasticSearch No Kinda Kinda Yes

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Features of Your Data Interval Cardinality Data Type Aging Graphite Fixed, Regular Low Numeric Roll up InﬂuxDB Fixed (best) Any High Any Conﬁgurable OpenTSDB Any High Numeric n/a MySQL Any Keys: Low Values: High Structured* None PostgreSQL Any Keys: Low Values: High Structured* None ElasticSearch Any Keys: Low Values: High Any None

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Features of the Store Security Scalability Performance Reliability Graphite Low High High* Medium InﬂuxDB Low High Medium High OpenTSDB Low High Low High MySQL Medium Medium Medium* High* PostgreSQL High Medium Medium* High ElasticSearch Low High High Low

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Thank you! [email protected] https://twitter.com/reyjrar https://github.com/reyjrar https://speakerdeck.com/reyjrar https://www.craigslist.org/about/craigslist_is_hiring