Headless Drupal and Security

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Headless Drupal #HeadlessDrupal

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Ruben Teijeiro @rteijeiro Drupal Hero

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drupalhero.es

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1xINTERNET.de

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Conil

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Front-end technologies evolve faster than Back-end technologies

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Web Applications Software Evolution

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Custom Development from Scratch

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Popular CMSs

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Web Applications Architecture Evolution

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Corporative Website

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Monolithic Application

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Microservices

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Web Trends

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Mobile Web/Apps

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Browserless Devices

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Internet of Things

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Market Trends

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Content Repositories https://www.acquia.com/products-services/acquia-content-hubvid

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Digital Assets Management

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Commercial API-frst CMSs https://www.contentful.com

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Open Source API-frst CMSs https://getdirectus.com

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What is Drupal doing to catch up with this trends?

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Loosely Coupled Architecture

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I love Twig!! Drupal 8 Front-end is @mortendk Certifed

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Dynamic Page Cache https://www.drupal.org/docs/ 8/core/modules/dynamic- page-cache/overview

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Big Pipe https://www.drupal.org/docs/8/core/modules/bigpipe/overview

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Big Pipe https://www.drupal.org/docs/8/core/modules/bigpipe/overview

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Accessibility

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Multilingual

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Security

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Drupalgeddon III

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Major remote code execution vulnerability CVE-2018-7600 https://www.drupal.org/sa-core-2018-002 CVE-2018-7602 https://www.drupal.org/sa-core-2018-004

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API-First Drupal

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Headless Drupal

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Decoupling

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Decouple Frontend

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Visitor-facing Experience

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Accessible Solutions

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https://www.drupal.org/project/alexa https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pZ-tBUdmzpo

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Artifcial Intelligence

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Chatbots https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n7XyB1BoDF4

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Mixed Reality

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Augmented Reality https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZroFBG7-P7Q https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t_5ZaC8YQ_8

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Editorial Experience

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https://developer.wordpress.com/calypso

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Drupal 9?

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Drupal Initiatives

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API-First Initiative Making Drupal API-frst means making the data stored and managed by Drupal available for other software. https://www.drupal.org/node/2757967

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JSON API Generate an API server that implements the {json:api} specifcation. https://www.drupal.org/project/jsonapi https://www.drupal.org/project/jsonapi_extras

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GraphQL https://www.drupal.org/project/graphql http://graphql.org/swapi-graphql @thefubhy

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RELAXed Web Services https://www.drupal.org/project/relaxed @dickolsson

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Workfow Initiative https://www.drupal.org/node/2721129

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http://www.drupaldeploy.org

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Progressive Web Apps @nod_ https://www.drupal.org/project/pwa

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@prestonso https://github.com/acquia/waterwheel.js https://github.com/acquia/waterwheel.swift

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@wimleers https://github.com/acquia/reservoir

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Contenta CMS http://www.contentacms.org Contenta is an API-First Drupal distribution

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Enhanced Editorial Experiences With Drupal and React

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Decoupled In-Place Editing App Drupal 8 + JSON API + React

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● Full inline editing (WYSIWYG) ● Zero latency editing ● No page reloads ● Instant previewing ● “App feeling” for editor experience ● Easy access to information for visitors (aka non-editors) like in a standard decoupled scenario

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● Page – Content Entity ● Fields - Entity references to Paragraphs ● Accordion ● Moodboard ● Text ● Image ● …

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Pain Points

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Performance Complex data structure for JSON- API Possible Solution: GraphQL

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Content lock for collaborative editing Possible solutions: ● Middleware: Nodejs instance ● Entity reference revisions

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UX Limitations Possible solutions: ● Improve editorial experience

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Security

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JOSE JSON Object Signing and Encryption JWT – JWS – JWE https://jwt.io https://speakerdeck.com/rdegges/jwts-suck-and-are-stupid

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JWT - JSON Web Tokens Avoid server-side storage for sessions but any kind of session implementation will be interceptable if you don't use TLS, including JWT http://cryto.net/~joepie91/blog/2016/06/13/stop-using-jwt-for-sessions http://cryto.net/~joepie91/blog/2016/06/19/stop-using-jwt-for-sessions-part-2-why- your-solution-doesnt-work/

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JWS - JSON Web Signatures A standard that is supposed to provide message authentication or digital signatures. Two ways to attack a standards-compliant JWS library to achieve trivial token forgery: ● Send a header that specifes the none algorithm be used ● Send a header that specifes the HS256 algorithm when the application normally signs messages with an RSA public key. https://auth0.com/blog/critical-vulnerabilities-in-json-web-token-libraries/

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JWE - JSON Web Encryption Encryption leaves a lot of room for potential implementation errors, especially when asymmetric (a.k.a. public-key) encryption is involved. Public-key cryptography should be avoided if possible. https://blogs.adobe.com/security/2017/03/critical-vulnerability-uncovered-in-json- encryption.html

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What should we use then?

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PASETO Platform-Agnostic SEcurity Tokens Specifcation and reference implementation for secure stateless tokens https://github.com/paragonie/paseto

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(local): Tamper-proof, short-lived immutable data stored on client machines. e.g. remember me on this computer cookies, which secure a unique ID that are used in a database lookup upon successful validation to provide long-term user authentication across multiple browsing sessions.

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(public): Transparent claims provided by a third party. e.g. Authentication and authorization protocols (OAuth 2, OIDC).

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Demo?

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More about Security at Drupal HackCamp

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Friday 15:30 – Room Softescu

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Saturday 11:00 – Room Softescu

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Saturday 12:00 – Room Optaros

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Saturday 14:00 – Room Softescu JS and Security

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Sunday 14:00 – Room Optaros

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Resources https://dri.es/working-toward-a-javascript-driven-drupal- administration-interface https://www.drupal.org/project/drupal/issues/2926656 https://github.com/jsdrupal/drupal-admin-ui https://wimleers.com/blog/api-first-drupal-two-big-maintainability- milestones https://www.lullabot.com/articles/drupal-javascript-initiative-the-road- to-a-modern-administration-ui https://www.drupal.org/project/jsdrupal

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Join the Code Sprints!!

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drupalsurfcamp.com

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Questions? ?

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What did you think? Please rate this session https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/QTLXNVQ

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Thanks!