2 December 2005 Cross-Media Document Linking and Navigation Ahmed A.O. Tayeh, Payam Ebrahimi and Beat Signer Web & Information Systems Engineering Lab Department of Computer Science Vrije Universiteit Brussel WEB & INFORMATION SYSTEMS ENGINEERING

Ahmed A.O. Tayeh - Department of Computer Science - atayeh@vub.be 2 August 30, 2018 Working With Documents ▪ 26% of reading and writing tasks include cross-document referencing ▪ Use of annotations and folders to create references ▪ 56% of knowledge workers not satisfied with existing mechanisms ▪ 75% of knowledge workers indicated the need for a tool to associate information

Ahmed A.O. Tayeh - Department of Computer Science - atayeh@vub.be 3 August 30, 2018 Missing Cross-Document Linking × × × Word document PDF document

Ahmed A.O. Tayeh - Department of Computer Science - atayeh@vub.be 4 August 30, 2018 Existing Support for Hyperlinks

Ahmed A.O. Tayeh - Department of Computer Science - atayeh@vub.be 5 August 30, 2018 Existing Hypermedia Systems ▪ Limited extensibility ▪ on the data as well as on the visual level ▪ Limited support of third-party viewers MADCOW: A Multimedia Digital Annotation System, Paolo Bottoni et al., In Proceedings of AVI 2004

Ahmed A.O. Tayeh - Department of Computer Science - atayeh@vub.be 6 August 30, 2018 DocFormat 1 DocFormat 2 C R U D Menu Gateways Link Model DocFormat 1 Gateways Data Plug-ins Visual Plug-ins Add-ins DocFormat 2 DocFormat 3 Database Add-in Gateway DocFormat 3 Third-party document viewer DocFormat 3 Data plug-ins Visual plug-in Visual plug-in Developer End user Link browser write and upload plug-ins and add-ins search and download plug-ins and add-ins visualise documents, create, navigate and edit hyperlinks Link service Communication Channels Plug-in tracking Gateway ... Gateway plug-ins RESTful API search and retrieve plug-ins Online Plug-in Repository

Ahmed A.O. Tayeh - Department of Computer Science - atayeh@vub.be 7 August 30, 2018 Visual Plug-ins

Ahmed A.O. Tayeh - Department of Computer Science - atayeh@vub.be 8 August 30, 2018 Extensibility Usability Evaluation 1. Integration of a number of document formats ▪ link browser - PDF, XML, plain text and images ▪ third-party document viewers - Google Chrome, Microsoft Word and PowerPoint 2. How easy can other document formats be integrated? 3. End-user usability study

Ahmed A.O. Tayeh - Department of Computer Science - atayeh@vub.be 9 August 30, 2018 Plain Text and PDF

Ahmed A.O. Tayeh - Department of Computer Science - atayeh@vub.be 10 August 30, 2018 HTML

Ahmed A.O. Tayeh - Department of Computer Science - atayeh@vub.be 11 August 30, 2018 YouTube

Ahmed A.O. Tayeh - Department of Computer Science - atayeh@vub.be 12 August 30, 2018 Microsoft Word and PowerPoint

Ahmed A.O. Tayeh - Department of Computer Science - atayeh@vub.be 13 August 30, 2018 Images

Ahmed A.O. Tayeh - Department of Computer Science - atayeh@vub.be 14 August 30, 2018 XML

Ahmed A.O. Tayeh - Department of Computer Science - atayeh@vub.be 15 August 30, 2018 How Easy Can Other Formats be Integrated? ▪ Visualisation in link browser ▪ available Java library ▪ definition of selectors ▪ visualisation of selectors ▪ Visualisation in third-party viewer ▪ extensible viewer ▪ definition of selectors ▪ visualisation of selectors ▪ support of communication channel

Ahmed A.O. Tayeh - Department of Computer Science - atayeh@vub.be 16 August 30, 2018 Visualisation in Link Browser

Ahmed A.O. Tayeh - Department of Computer Science - atayeh@vub.be 17 August 30, 2018 Visualisation in Third-Party Viewer

Ahmed A.O. Tayeh - Department of Computer Science - atayeh@vub.be 18 August 30, 2018 End-User Evaluation ▪ Mixed method approach ▪ 14 participants (7 males) aged between 23 and 37 (M=27) ▪ non-computer scientists (from VUB) ▪ Quantitative evaluation ▪ CSUQ questionnaire with 19 questions evaluating four different usability aspects - ease of use (SYSUSE) - information quality (INFOQUAL) - interface quality (INTERQUAL) - overall satisfaction (OVERALL) ▪ Qualitative evaluation via semi-structured interviews

Ahmed A.O. Tayeh - Department of Computer Science - atayeh@vub.be 19 August 30, 2018 Setup ▪ Only two document formats (plain text and Word) ▪ Brief explanation of study objectives ▪ Explanation of supported functionality ▪ Participants had to perform a number of tasks ▪ creating, navigating, deleting and editing of bi- and multidirectional hyperlinks ▪ extend the link service to support PDF and HTML ▪ creating and navigating multidirectional hyperlinks between the four document formats ▪ Questionnaire followed by a semi-structured interview

Ahmed A.O. Tayeh - Department of Computer Science - atayeh@vub.be 20 August 30, 2018 Quantitative Results

Ahmed A.O. Tayeh - Department of Computer Science - atayeh@vub.be 21 August 30, 2018 Aspects to be Improved ▪ Participants confused about hyperlink sources and targets ▪ Avoid technical concepts ▪ Avoid confusion in third-party viewer ▪ Provide explanations (manuals) via videos

Ahmed A.O. Tayeh - Department of Computer Science - atayeh@vub.be 22 August 30, 2018 Conclusions ▪ Contributions ▪ technical evaluation with a number of document formats - PDF, plain text, XML, images - Microsoft Word and PowerPoint, Google Chrome, YouTube ▪ technical evaluation of extensibility with other document formats ▪ initial end-user evaluation ▪ Future Work ▪ integration of additional document formats ▪ user study with third-party developers ▪ manageability and maintainability of hyperlinks

Ahmed A.O. Tayeh - Department of Computer Science - atayeh@vub.be 23 August 30, 2018 References ▪ A.A.O. Tayeh, P. Ebrahimi and B. Signer, Cross-Media Document Linking and Navigation, Proceedings of the 18th ACM Symposium on Document Engineering (DocEng 2018), Halifax, Canada, August 2018 ▪ http://beatsigner.com/publications/tayeh_DocEng2018.pdf