3GPP 표준 기반 지상파 방송 시스템, 5G-Broadcast 기술 개발 동향 2023.11.22.(수) 15:30~ ETRI서울사무소 TTA PG802(지상파방송) 제151차 정기회의 미디어송출부 UHD/DMB주조 전성호 팀장 Korean BroadcastingSystem | Department of MediaTransmission

3GPP Release 17 / 5G Broadcast

5G Broadcast 참고자료 [IBC 2023 기술논문세션] IBC2023 TECHNICAL PAPER SESSIONS: 5G TECHNOLOGY - CONVERGENCE WITH BROADCAST https://www.ibc.org/technical-papers/ibc2023-technical-paper-sessions-5g-technology-convergence-with-broadcast/10099.article ✓ RAI(Italy) Efficient delivery of audiovisual content to mobile devices combining 5G Broadcast and CDN technologies ✓ Qualcomm 5G Broadcast Receivers: Optimizing Performance under Implementation Constraints ✓ BBC/Dolby/Qualcomm DVB-I service delivery over 5G Systems [FOBTV @ IBC 2023] 기관별 동향 업데이트 발표 [SMPTE Motion Imaging Journal] 게재논문 [IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting & IEEE BMSB 학회] 게재논문 ✓ Dr. Jordi J. Giménez (Head of Technology 5G-MAG), 5G-MAG: Fostering media connectivity ecosystems ✓ Yin Xu (NERC-DTV 중국상해교통대), 5G Broadcast Technologies & Standards Analysis and Future Outlook ✓ Dr. Thomas Stockhammer (Qualcomm), 5G Broadcast Technologies, Standards and Productization ✓ ETRI/KBS/One Media/Sinclair, Performance Evaluation of 5G MBS for Terrestrial Broadcasting Scenarios ✓ Christophe Burdinat, Thomas Stockhammer, Romain Bouqueau, and Mickaël Raulet, “ATSC 3.0, DVB-I, and TV 3.0 Services via 5G Broadcast—System Design and Reference Tools,” 10.5594/JMI.2023.3236015, March 2023 ✓ Andrea Bertella, Assunta De Vita, Alessandro Lucco Castello, Vittoria Mignone, and Giovanni Vitale “5G-Broadcast: Laboratory Tests and Field Trials for the Mobile TV of Tomorrow,” 10.5594/JMI.2023.3286874, July 2023 [ITU-R SG6/WP6A] 작업문서 [3GPP Documents] ✓ Dongwook Kim(3GPP MCC) https://www.3gpp.org/technologies/broadcast-multicast1 ✓ ETSI TS 103 720 V1.2.1 (2023-06) 5G Broadcast System for linear TV and radio services; LTE-based 5G terrestrial broadcast system

3GPP 5G Broadcast Evolution: eMBMS 2009 2010 Release 9 eMBMS ✓ Mixed Unicast/Multicast/Broadcast Carriers ✓ Point-to-Multipoint LTE Interface ✓ Targeting Mobile TV Use Case ✓ 15 kHz Numerology ✓ Extended CP of 16.7 us ✓ Multi-cell Transmission Only (MBSFN) => Up to 60% of Subframes for MBSFN Transmission ✓ DASH Support ✓ MBMS Counting determine if there are sufficient UEs interested in receiving a service 2011 Release 10 eMBMS Release 11 eMBMS Release 12 eMBMS ✓ MooD 2012 2013 2014 2015 60% max of a LTE band for broadcast

3GPP 5G Broadcast Evolution: FeMBMS 2016 2017 Release 13 SC-PTM 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Release 14 enTV Release 16 FeMBMS Operator Controlled Broadcaster Controlled ✓ Longer cyclic prefix for support of larger ISD ✓ Up to 100% of subframes for MBSFN transmission on a dedicated carrier ✓ Subframes fully dedicated to MBSFN transmission ✓ Targeting rooftop and car-mounted antennas, handheld receivers ✓ New numerologies to target rooptop reception with up to 125 km ISD ✓ High mobility reception: fixed, portable and mobile receivers up to 250 km/h ✓ Enhancement to CAS increased PDCCH aggregation level, PBCH repetition, CFI in MIB * eMBMS Evolved * MooD MBMS operation on-Demand * SC-PTM Single-Cell Point-to-Multipoint * CFI Control Format Indicator * MIB Master Information Block LTE-based

3GPP 5G Broadcast Evolution: NR MBS 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Release 17 NR-MBS ✓ 6/7/8 MHz channel bandwidth to support common global channel bandwidth for DTT ✓ Introduction of UHF Band 108 to address RF transmitter and receiver requirements PMCH bandwidth [MHz] 6 7 8 Transmission bandwidth configuration 30 35 40 𝑁𝑅𝑅 𝑃𝑀𝐶𝐻 Transmission bandwidth configuration for 5G terrestrial broadcast 5G terrestrial broadcast operating bands Operating Band Uplink (UL) operating band BS receive & UE transmit Downlink (DL) operating band BS transmit & UE receive Duplex Mode 108 n/a 470 MHz ~ 698 MHz SDO

Reference Architecture for 5G Broadcast System for Linear TV and Radio Services 5G Broadcast System 5G Broadcast Transmitter 5G Broadcast Receiver 5G Broadcast Headend BM-SC 5G Broadcast TV/RADIO Content Service Provider 5G Broadcast TV/RADIO Service Application MBMS User Service MBMS Bearer Service MBMS GW eNodeB MBMS Client Access Stratum MME User Service for 5G Broadcast E-UTRAN Uu for 5G Broadcast xMB for 5G Broadcast MBMS-API for 5G Broadcast Application M1 M3 Sm

Reference Architecture for 5G Broadcast System for Linear TV and Radio Services End-to-end IP multicast with UDP Proxy User Service M1: reference point between MBMS GW and E-UTRAN/UTRAN for MBMS data delivery. IP Multicast is used on this interface in the forwarding of user plane Protocol Data Units (PDUs) from the MBMS GW to the eNodeB(s) in the E-UTRAN. M3: reference point for the control plane between MME and E-UTRAN. SGi-mb: reference point for the user plane between BM-SC and MBMS GW. SGmb: reference point for the control plane between BM-SC and MBMS GW. xMB: reference point between TV/Radio Content Service Provider and BM-SC. MBMS-API: reference point between MBMS Client and 5G Broadcast TV/Radio Service Application. App. UDP IP L1/L2 L1/L2 IP UDP UDP IP Multicast MBMS Bearer L1/L2 IP Multicast UDP UDP IP App. UDP IP Contents Provider BM-SC MBMS Client Application Transparent Delivery U-xMB SGi-mb MBMS-API

Multicast Protocols for the 3GPP, ATSC, and DVB-I *FDT/URI File Delivery Table Uniform Resource Identifier *Extended FDT/TOI Transport Object Identifier *AL-FEC Application Layer Forward Error Correction FLUTE ROUTE FLUTE / ROUTE *File requires prior knowledge of the object length *Stream progressively deliver an object without knowing its final size FDT/URI 2011 2014 2020 Low Latency Support * FLUTE File Delivery over Unidirectional Transport * ROUTE Real-time Object delivery over Unidirectional Transport * MABR Multicast Adaptive Bit Rate

Accessing the IP Multicast Streams from the Application OnePlus 9 Live Encoder Origin Server Multicast Server BM-SC MBMS- GW eNode B MBMS Client Multicast Client DASH Player HTTP GET Segments HTTP Proxy 5G Frontend 5G BC Core Network 5G BC RAN ASUS Smartphone for Snapdragon Insiders

Accessing the IP Multicast Streams from the Application Live Encoder Origin Server Multicast Server BM-SC MBMS- GW eNode B MBMS Client Multicast Client DASH Player 5G Frontend Activation of the MBMS client with the Android API

Accessing the IP Multicast Streams from the Application Live Encoder Origin Server Multicast Server BM-SC MBMS- GW eNode B MBMS Client Multicast Client DASH Player 5G Frontend Triggering the reception of an MBMS bearer MBMS Bearer Broadcast service timeline example (3GPP TS 23.247 v17.4.0)

Accessing the IP Multicast Streams from the Application Live Encoder Origin Server Multicast Server BM-SC MBMS- GW eNode B MBMS Client Multicast Client DASH Player 5G Frontend Access to the multicast streams MBMS Bearer Multicast Stream

Accessing the IP Multicast Streams from the Application Live Encoder Origin Server Multicast Server BM-SC MBMS- GW eNode B MBMS Client Multicast Client DASH Player 5G Frontend GPAC command line to start a ROUTE session GPAC command line to receive a ROUTE session MBMS Bearer Multicast Stream

5G-MAG Reference Tools Platform 5G Downlink Media Streaming over MBMS (3GPP Release 17)

PHY Frame Structure and Numerologies Only frame structure type 1 shall be used. Frame structure type 1 assuming Δf = 2.5, 7.5, 15.0 kHz Frame structure type 1 assuming Δf = 0.37 kHz Downlink resource grid

PHY 5G-MBS와 ATSC 3.0 계층 구조: Downlink Signals and Channels PMCH BCCH CCCH DCCH DTCH PCCH PCH PDCCH PDSCH RLC Layer MAC Layer Physical Layer Logical CH Transport CH Physical CH Physical Signals BCH DL-SCH PSS SSS DM-RS PT-RS CSI-RS DCI PBCH (1) (2) (3) • PMCH : Physical Multicast Channel • PBCH : Physical Broadcast Channel PSS SSS PBCH PBCH PBCH PBCH 4 OFDM Symbols 240 OFDM SC 127 OFDM SC FREQ TIME 48 SC 48 SC Primary Secondary 3 MHz 5 MHz 6 MHz 4.5 MHz 6 MHz Preamble Bootstrap PLPs Link Layer MAC Layer Physical Layer Logical CH Transport CH Physical CH Physical Signals Signaling BB Packets Scattered Pilot Link Layer Signaling IP Packets (Applications/Signaling) ALP L1 Basic Signaling L1 Detail Signaling Preamble Pilot Continual Pilot Edge Pilot Sub-Frame Pilot (1) (2) (3)

PHY 5G-MBS와 ATSC 3.0 계층 구조: Downlink Signals and Channels CRC Calc + Attach Info Element Multiplexing Payload Gen / Scrambling LDPC Graph Selection CRC Calc + Attach CRC Calc + Attach Channel Coding (LDPC) Rate Match + HARQ Channel Coding (Polar) Rate Match Channel Coding (Polar) Rate Match Modulation CCE to REG Mapping Scrambling Scrambling Antenna Port Mapping QPSK Modulation SS Block Generation Physical Resource Mapping Reference Signals Gen DM/CSI/PT/TRS PSS IFFT + CP Insert DAC TX Beamforming I/Q Mod/RF Up Conv PA + Filter Layer Mapping SSS QPSK Modulation HARQ MAC Layer Physical Layer #0 #1 #2 #3 #9 #8 #4 #5 #6 #7 Sub-Frame = 1ms 5G Frame = 10ms PDSCH PDCCH PBCH DL-SCH DCI BCH (1) (2) (3) (5) PLP (Scrambling) Preamble (Scrambling) Zahoff Chu (1499) Channel Coding (LDPC) BCH Encoding ZC Modulated by PN Modulation QPSK -4096 Channel Coding (LDPC) Sub-carrier Mapping Layer Div Multiplex (MANO) Power Domain Repetition / Puncturing 2048 IFFT Time/Freq Interleave (Frame Builder) Modulation Bootstrap Generation MISO (Option) Pilots, Preamble, Sub-frame Edge, Cont, Scattered IFFT + CP Insert DAC I/Q Mod/RF Up Conv PA + Filter MIMO (Option) Cyclic Shifts L1 Basic Signaling L1 Detail Signaling BB Packets MAC Layer Physical Layer PN Signaling 8-bit / Symbol (1) (2) (3) PLPs Preamble Bootstrap OFDM (Numerology) A Sub-Frame N Bootstrap Preamble OFDM (Numerology) B Sub-Frame N + 1 ATSC 3.0 Frame L 1 B A S I C L 1 D E T A I L PLP A PLP B PLP C ZC + PN Cyclic Shift Cyclic Shift Cyclic Shift 1499 Subcarriers

PHY Summary of supported numerologies for MBMS transmission over PMCH Subframe Type ∆𝑓 (kHz) SCRB Symbol duration Tcp (us) Cyclic prefix length Tu (us) ISD (km) CP Overhead Resource Overhead Unicast 15 12 4.7 / 5.1 66.7 - - - Unicast w/ Extended CP 15 12 16.7 66.7 eMBMS 15 12 16.7 66.7 5 20 12.5 FeMBMS Release-14 7.5 24 33.3 133.3 10 20 12.5 1.25 144 200 800 60 20 16.6 FeMBMS Release-16 2.5 72 100 400 30 20 25 0.37 486 300 2,700 90 10 16.6 ~ 8.3 Note that a Resource Block (RB) in LTE is 180 kHz wide in frequency and one slot long in time. * SCRB = Subcarriers per Resource Block Guard Interval 192 384 512 768 1024 1536 2048 2432 3072 3684 4096 4864 Maximum Delay [us] 27.78 55.56 74.07 111.11 148.15 222.22 296.30 351.85 444.44 527.78 592.59 703.70 Relative Distance [km] 8.32 16.65 22.21 33.31 44.42 66.63 88.84 105.50 133.26 158.25 177.68 211.00 ATSC 3.0

PHY Physical Layer Capacity with Bandwidth of 8 MHz (40 PRBs) for subcarrier spacings 15 kHz, 7,5 kHz, 2,5 kHz, and 1,25 kHz for subcarrier spacings 0.37 kHz Physical Resource Block

ETRI/KBS 테스트 결과 – ATSC 3.0 / FeMBMS Computer Simulation

ETRI/KBS 테스트 결과 – ATSC 3.0 / FeMBMS Computer Simulation 22 [15Mbps – From 3km/h to 200km/h] [10Mbps – From 3km/h to 200km/h] [5Mbps – From 3km/h to 200km/h] Non-decodable area Non-decodable area [Computer Simulation] ATSC 3.0 Subframe vs. 5G Broadcast PMCH ➔ 8MHz BW, 500MHz CF, India-Urban channel @ Bengaluru Data rate / Mobility ATSC 3.0 gain over 5G-Broadcast (Rel-16/17) 3km/h 30km/h 40km/h 50km/h 60km/h 120km/h 150km/h 200km/h 5Mbps 3.0 dB 7.1 dB 7.5 dB 8.2 dB 8.3 dB 9.2 dB 9.7 dB 11.4 dB 10Mbps 2.7 dB 6.6 dB 7.1 dB 7.6 dB 8.0 dB 10.7 dB 5G Broadcast non-decodable 15Mbps 3.5 dB 7.7 dB 8.4 dB 9.5 dB 10.4 dB 5G Broadcast non-decodable

Qualcomm 테스트 결과 – ATSC 3.0 / FeMBMS Computer Simulation

Qualcomm 테스트 결과 – ATSC 3.0 / FeMBMS Computer Simulation 5 Mbps 10 Mbps

Qualcomm 테스트 결과 – ATSC 3.0 / FeMBMS Computer Simulation

Qualcomm 테스트 결과 – ATSC 3.0 / FeMBMS Computer Simulation

ETRI/KBS 테스트 결과 – ATSC 3.0 / FeMBMS Hardware-Based Laboratory Test in Mobile Channel @ 6MHz 27 [HW-based Laboratory Environment] Configuration / Mobility ATSC 3.0 gain over 5G Broadcast (Rel-16/17) 3.75 Mbps 7.5 Mbps 11.25 Mbps India-Urban 3km/h 8.0 dB 5G Broadcast non- decodable 5G Broadcast non- decodable 40km/h 9.8 dB 9.5 dB 5G Broadcast non- decodable TU-6 3km/h 4.5 dB 6.3 dB 5G Broadcast non- decodable 40km/h 10.3 dB 9.7 dB 5G Broadcast non- decodable [Performance Comparison between ATSC 3.0 and 5G Broadcast]

ETRI/KBS 테스트 결과 – ATSC 3.0 / FeMBMS Hardware-Based Laboratory Test in Mobile Channel @ 6MHz

ETRI/KBS 테스트 결과 – ATSC 3.0 / FeMBMS [Computer simulation] Parameters & Settings 29 Common Configuration (ATSC 3.0) Common parameters FFT size 8192 Guard interval GI7_2048 (222.22 us) Preamble parameters Pilot Pattern SP_Dx = 3 Signaling Protection L1-Basic/Detail mode 1 Payload OFDM parameters Pilot pattern SP3_2 # of payload symbols 222 Time interleaver CTI with a depth of 1024 Frequency interleaver On Frame length 250.8889 ms Bandwidth 8MHz Configuration 1 Configuration 2 Configuration 3 Outer code 8/15-LDPC (64800) 8/15-LDPC (64800) 8/15-LDPC (64800) Constellation QPSK 16-NUC 64-NUC Data rate 5.36 Mbps 10.73 Mbps 16.09 Mbps Video delivery Two 720p HDs w/ HEVC Four 720p HDs w/ HEVC Six 720p HDs w/ HEVC Common Configuration (5G Broadcast) FFT size 12288 Guard interval 200us Pilot pattern SP3_2 Subcarrier spacing 1.25KHz MCS table Table 7.1.7.1-1 (TS 36.213) Max 64-QAM table Bandwidth 8MHz (40RBs) Configuration 1 Configuration 2 Configuration 3 MCS index 8 14 20 TBS 5544 10296 15840 Code rate 0.58 0.54 0.553 Constellation QPSK 16-QAM 64-QAM Data rate 5.41 Mbps 10.04 Mbps 15.44 Mbps Video delivery Two 720p HDs w/ HEVC Four 720p HDs w/ HEVC Six 720p HDs w/ HEVC

ETRI/KBS 테스트 결과 – ATSC 3.0 / FeMBMS [Computer simulation] Performance results @ India-Urban Channel 30 [15Mbps – From 3km/h to 200km/h] [10Mbps – From 3km/h to 200km/h] [5Mbps – From 3km/h to 200km/h] Non-decodable area Non-decodable area Data rate / Mobility ATSC 3.0 gain over 5G-Broadcast (Rel-16/17) 3km/h 30km/h 40km/h 50km/h 60km/h 120km/h 150km/h 200km/h 5Mbps 3.0 dB 7.1 dB 7.5 dB 8.2 dB 8.3 dB 9.2 dB 9.7 dB 11.4 dB 10Mbps 2.7 dB 6.6 dB 7.1 dB 7.6 dB 8.0 dB 10.7 dB 5G Broadcast non-decodable 15Mbps 3.5 dB 7.7 dB 8.4 dB 9.5 dB 10.4 dB 5G Broadcast non-decodable

ETRI/KBS 테스트 결과 – ATSC 3.0 / FeMBMS [Laboratory test] Performance results @ COST-207 TU-6 Channel 31 Configuration / Mobility ATSC 3.0 gain over 5G Broadcast (Rel-16/17) India-Urban TU-6 3km/h 40km/h 3km/h 40km/h 3.75 Mbps (#1) 5.1 dB 9.3 dB 6.2 dB 10.3 dB 7.5 Mbps (#2) 5.6 dB 9.2 dB 5.7 dB 10.2 dB [ATSC 3.0 gain over India-Urban/TU-6 channels] ※ #1: Configuration1, #2: Configuration2, #3: Configuration3 [AWGN channel]

5G-Broadcast 송신기 ATSC 3.0 송신기 ATSC 3.0 MIMO 송신기 CH56 CH56 수평:3장치 수직:3장치의 예 비 4장치 5장치 수평 수직 수평 수평 수평 수평 7장치 CH52 8장치 CH56 ATSC 3.0 Channel Bonding CH52+CH56 Combiner CH52 CH56 철 탑 철탑향 U-LINK ETRI/KBS 테스트 결과 – ATSC 3.0 / FeMBMS Field Measurement Campaign at KBS경기감악산UHDTV실험국 5G Broadcast modulator ATSC 3.0 modulator [5G Broadcast and ATSC 3.0 transmitter] Transmission power : 900W [KBS Tx site] [HPHT tower]

ETRI/KBS 테스트 결과 – ATSC 3.0 / FeMBMS Field Measurement Campaign at KBS경기감악산UHDTV실험국

ETRI/KBS 테스트 결과 – ATSC 3.0 / FeMBMS [Field trial] Mobile reception performance @ 7.5Mbps

ETRI/KBS 테스트 결과 – ATSC 3.0 / FeMBMS Field Measurement Campaign at KBS경기감악산UHDTV실험국

ATSC 3.0 성능이 5G Broadcast 보다 우수한 이유? 36 LDPC codes Bit- interleaver NUC Turbo codes Bit- interleaver QAM [LDPC encoding] [Turbo encoding] [LDPC decoding] [Turbo decoding] [BICM Performance, AWGN channel] ATSC 3.0: LDPC code + NUC 5G FeMBMS: Turbo code + QAM BICM (Bit-interleaved coded modulation) ATSC 3.0 has 0.5~1.5 dB gain! NUC: Non Uniform Constellation

ATSC 3.0 성능이 5G Broadcast 보다 우수한 이유? LDPC Code 37 LDPC code vs Turbo code ATSC 3.0 LDPC codes 5G Broadcast Turbo codes Optimized Delicately optimized for each code rate Originally for 1/3, Puncturing is used for variable code rates Codeword length Up to code bits 64,800 Up to information bits 6144 Error floor Almost free Sometimes, it happens [Performance: 5G Broadcast Turbo codes vs ATSC 3.0 LDPC codes] Error floors! R=5/15 R=9/15 R=13/15 K.-J. Kim et al., “Low-Density Parity-Check Codes for ATSC 3.0.” in IEEE Trans. on Broadcasting, vol. 62, no. 1, pp. 189-196, March 2016. S.-K. Ahn et al., “Comparison of Low-Density Parity-Check Codes in ATSC 3.0 and 5G Standards.” in IEEE Trans. on Broadcasting, vol. 65, no. 3, pp. 489-495, Sept. 2019. • ATSC 3.0 LDPC codes outperform other wireless standards • ATSC 3.0 LDPC codes are less than 1 dB away from Shannon capacity [Performance: ATSC 3.0 LDPC codes vs other DTT standards]

ATSC 3.0 성능이 5G Broadcast 보다 우수한 이유? BICM: Signal Constellation 38 NUC vs QAM Performance of BICM chain is bounded by its BICM capacity. ➔ NUC is closer to BICM capacity than rectangular QAM. ➔ NUC gain increases when modulation order increases. [Shortfall of the BICM capacity from the Shannon capacity, NUC and QAM][1] [1] CM and BICM limits for rectangular constellations, Research & Development White Paper, BBC, 2013. 16Q 64Q 256Q 1K 4K 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 NUC Gain 2/15 3/15 4/15 5/15 6/15 7/15 8/15 9/15 10/15 11/15 12/15 13/15 [Performance: gain of ATSC 3.0 NUC over rectangular QAM] • ATSC 3.0 NUCs outperform rectangular QAMs. • NUC gain increases when modulation order increases. N. S. Loghin et al., “Non-Uniform Constellations for ATSC 3.0.” in IEEE Trans. on Broadcasting, vol. 62, no. 1, pp. 197-203, March 2016.

ATSC 3.0 성능이 5G Broadcast 보다 우수한 이유? Time Interleaver 39 BICM chain Time interleaver Waveform generator BICM chain Time interleaver Waveform generator [Fading Performance] 5G Broadcast doesn’t have a time interleaver function to handle harsh channel fading. ATSC 3.0’s well-designed and optimized time-interleaver provides significant performance benefit over harsh fading environments. ATSC 3.0 PHY is designed to provide uniform performance under harsh mobile fading channels. → Time interleaver is an appropriate solution. LTE PHY (5G Broadcast) is designed to minimize latency for supporting latency requirements of unicast transmission. → Time interleaver is not allowed in LTE PHY layer. Burst errors Decoding failure! Decoding success! Random errors Time interleaver spreads burst errors, caused by harsh fading channel, to random errors so that a receiver can make it decode successfully. Time interleaver ATSC 3.0 with time interleaver 5G Broadcast without time interleaver 5G Broadcast ATSC 3.0, Steeper curve

5G Broadcast 성능 개선을 위한 노력들

5G Broadcast 성능 개선을 위한 노력들 LDPC Code

5G Broadcast 성능 개선을 위한 노력들 Time Interleaver

5G Broadcast 성능 개선을 위한 노력들 Time Interleaver

5G Broadcast 성능 개선을 위한 노력들 Time Interleaver

5G Broadcast 성능 개선을 위한 노력들 Time Interleaver

5G Broadcast Trials @ Boston, US

Use Case – Emergency Alerts Use Case (3) – Interactive Media Use Case (4) – General File Download

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Rai (Italy) – Laboratory Testbed AWGN TU-6 Channel

Rai (Italy) – Laboratory Testbed Single Echo Test

Rai (Italy) – Field Measurement Campaign

Rai (Italy) – Field Measurement Campaign

Rai (Italy) – Field Measurement Campaign Kinecar: the connected and high-tech urban microcar Receiving antenna radiation pattern

Rai (Italy) - Aosta Valley SFN Testbed Spectrum at Aosta Airport

Rai (Italy) – Turin Testbed Simulation of reception with a smartphone Simulation of the electromagnetic field (EMF)

NERC-DTV (China) – FeMBMS Testbed

NERC-DTV (China) – FeMBMS Testbed

NERC-DTV (China) – NR MBS Testbed

스마트폰은 5G 신호를 수신해서 이동하면서 방송 시청 집 안의 UHDTV는 방송신호를 수신해서 기존과 동일하게 시청 ATSC 3.0 & 5G 대상실험국 북감악중계소 5G 칩셋이 탑재된 단말기가 곧 ‘텔레비전수상기’ [결론] UHD+5G 동시 전송 기술, 모든 단말기에서 직접수신이 가능한 빈틈없는 방송 시청 환경을 만들 수 있습니다.