Making Impact With Your Craft With Sociotechnical Design Xin Yao, Code/Crafts 2024, Vienna

Craft Impact

DDD & Architecture Consultancy DDD Output + + Sociotechnical design + Organizational learning capacity + Who is Xin? Undercover change agent through DDD and architecture Xin Yao @settling_mud [email protected] @[email protected] /in/xinxin/ delay + delay Independent consultant

I imagined a neat and tidy software career

Variables Algorithms

Software is logical, and "compiles" Right or wrong answer a mathematically provable range of optimized solutions or at least Deterministic solution

The universe is a giant clock. The laws of nature act like gears and springs, causing everything to move in a predictable and orderly way. -- Issac Newton (Not exactly, but kinda the exact words)

My first real-​ life software project Fixed price software delivery in a consultant team Thorough requirement spec from client Client analysts answering our queries, mostly by email Software architecture blueprint upfront Waterfall - Project lead had regular checkin with client Great team - we delivered on time! Domain: insurance workflow

We applied design patterns

Single Responsibility Principle Open/Closed Principle Liskov Substitution Principle Interface Segregation Principle Dependency Inversion Principle Image Credit: Robert Ecker We applied SOLID principles

But, our software never made it to the users

The client's analysts misunderstood (and oversimplified) core user needs. We made the wrong interpretation of the client analysts' email response to our questions. The client's business sponsor didn't align with the parent company about starting the project. No one told us a mandatory frontend framework had to be used. Rewrite considered too costly. Project X dropped, shelved, and forgotten. We (the consultant team) got paid well. We got praised for on-​ time delivery. Lots of tech learning and experiences, so why are we not feeling happy? So what was the rub

Design cannot happen in a closed system My existential conundrum Long way from neat and tidy to useful software <> "giant clock"

Impactful software systems Req., code, test, deploy, run Scientific modeling Technical Complexity First cross over the bridge Software-​ Centric Craft

How do I increase my odds of understanding, and impacting the "larger" decisions around software? Architect Developer Career crossroad - context & systems awareness Software swims in a system of systems

Social Subsystem Concerned with social relations (teams, knowledge networks), reward systems, authority structures, behavioral patterns, culture. Whole Work (System of Systems) Technical Subsystem Concerned with physical systems (hardware, software, technology) as well as mechanisms (e.g. tasks and processes) to transform inputs to outputs. Joint Optimization External Subsystem Concerned with the outside environment (users, customers, partners, stakeholders, society) with which an organization interacts and seeks value exchange with through its product and services. Sociotechnical System Context & Systems awareness Illustration credit: Militello et. al.

One biggest challenge in software development is communication issues between IT people and business people, and between IT people and managers. Software craft is a relational activity individual craft Collective craft -- Vladik Knononov

Human communication is constrained by language "No Borg hive mind"

Credit: Henrik Kniberg (Adapted) Developer User Info hand-​ offs/ Decision relays Time (Delay in feedback) Many hops before knowledge or decision reaches its final destination

Product language Design language First team's code language Product manager UX / Architect Engineering "Telephone game" Confused language enters software and hurts its maintainability Another team's code language Engineering Management language Management

Ubiquitous Attention to Language (UL) [Sociotechnical pattern from DDD] Test Software for a complex domain requires all involved to have a deep, shared understanding of the domain.

Visual Collaborative Modeling [Sociotechnical pattern from DDD] See the forest and the trees

Language Languaging Knowledge transfer Knowledge processing Change the itinerary of knowledge from language to languaging [Sociotechnical pattern from complexity theory] Credit: Humberto Maturana

Who work and create value together? Who else do we need to align understanding with? DDD DDD is a sociotechnical craft Credit: Paul Rayner, Eric Evans What software are we building? Why are we building it? How do we build and connect software - for long-​ term changeability? Strategic Design Tactical design Visual Collaborative Modeling (models) (models) Ubiquitous (attention to) Language

DDD Process DDD is used as methods and/or process Methods Principles, Patterns, Practices Facilitate change & communication (design discipline) Domain-​ driven discovery is sometimes employed as a process model in change initiatives www.infoq.com Start Your Architecture Modernization with Domain-Driven Discovery Successful projects start with robust discovery. What if your project is modernizing your tangled old legacy system or migrating all your workloads to the cloud? This article presents a guided approach to starting your next architecture modernization pr…

A DDD workshop series Strategic Design (models) Tactical design (models) Visual Collaborative Modeling Problem space Solution space

Impactful software Req., code, test, deploy, run Scientific modeling Second cross over the bridge "The 1st sociotechnical chasm" Collaborative languaging & modeling Context & Systems awareness Software-​ Centric Craft Technical Complexity Social Complexity

How do we survive thrive with complex organizations & calcified legacy systems Software industry matures Every business is a software business Aging companies with aging software Compounding sociotechnical complexity

How do we "move a couch" within a complex organization? Credit: Gene Kim & John Cutler Gene Steve

A true "moving the couch" story involving 26 teams, deeply nested API call chains & event choreography [Anno 2022]

A leadership framework for wiring the social system circuitry

Social Subsystem Concerned with social relations (teams, knowledge networks), reward systems, authority structures, behavioral patterns, culture. Whole Work (System of Systems) Technical Subsystem Concerned with physical systems (hardware, software, technology) as well as mechanisms (e.g. tasks and processes) to transform inputs to outputs. Joint Optimization External Subsystem Concerned with the outside environment (users, customers, partners, stakeholders, society) with which an organization interacts and seeks value exchange with through its product and services. Sociotechnical System An area engineers don't want to be bothered with

How is all this social buzz relevant for me as an engineer? Aren't all big companies in similar waters? I enjoy ranting about it at water coolers.

Disengagement persists among employees world-​ wide www.gallup.com Indicator: Employee Engagement Employee engagement is the involvement and enthusiasm of employees in both their work and workplace. www.gallup.com Announcing the 2024 Gallup Exceptional Workplace Award Winners Gallup celebrates 60 winning organizations that maintained highly engaged workplace cultures while adapting to the challenges of 2023.

1994 intrinsic motivation

Human beings are motivated not by survival, but also by the aspirations to reach our full potential. Surrounded by complexity, we have directed our motivation toward "making things less bad" rather than "creating great things" we care deeply about.

YOU CAN'T FIX WHAT YOU CAN'T SEE

Org chart A social system's runtime behavior Jesper There have been 10+ reorgs in my tenure here. But it's always the same people you need to know to pool knowledge together and get stuff done. That's my knowledge network. "Mainframe specialist in a big bank" (+roadmap, plans, backlogs)

Credit: Jim Benson See the whole system Tactical info Strategic Info Cultural Info what is going on? what needs attention now? Where are we going? Where is my place in the story? How is my team a team? What does good look like? What is meaningful for me? (Agency) Example: 7 Elements of Visual Management Purposeful models Software-​ centric design Discoveries Decisions Shared understanding State Triggers Visualized work Direction Narrative Culture Professionalism Identity Emergencies Action Improvement Opportunity Discovery need Shared work Complex work Current WIP Who is working Who is collaborating What is ready for release What is stuck How is our psychological flow Strategy Plans & Backlogs Upcoming work options Onboarding Upskilling Team identity Interaction & meetings Human repair Social contracts Improvement Correction Learning Quality Who am I and what are my values? How is work meaningful? How is work developmental? Agency Spheres of influence Affordance Visualizing work as a social architecture (UI layer) (Business layer) (Infrastructure layer)

Share the whole system Credit: Milestone Systems, Systems Architecture Team Team daily stand-​ up prompts what is going on? what needs attention now? Where are we going? Where is my place in the story? How is my team a team? What does good look like? What is meaningful for me? (Agency) Example: 7 Elements of Visual Management Purposeful models Software-​ centric design Discoveries Decisions Shared understanding Tactical Cultural Strategic

Pervasive but non-​ invasive visual prompts See & discuss essential elements of work A visual feedback loop provide space to (+) Calm, profession, non-​ stressful way of working enables (+) Reveal gaps for improvement & learning increases psychological safety to (+) motivates the use of (+) "You can't fix what you can't see"

Prompts for dialog Roadmaps Backlogs Plans Dailys Meetings Workshops Design artifacts, events, processes as

... is a systemic and participatory co-​ design approach to jointly optimize the technical systems (including but not limited to software) and human systems (including but not limited to users & teams) to improve the thriving of both. Sociotechnical design & architecture

... is taking a languaging & modeling approach to visualize and share our “whole work” as a system of systems, to build software and build ourselves as purposeful and improvable sociotechnical systems. Sociotechnical design & architecture

In-​ the-​ moment leadership How do you change the world? One room at a time. Which room? The one you're in. ~ Peter Block

Autonomy Mastery Purpose Intrinsic motivation Impact with our craft Credit: Daniel Pink Make impact with our craft

Autonomy Mastery Purpose Intrinsic motivation Systemic changes Credit: Daniel Pink, Jabe Bloom Agency Do I feel the freedom and joy to take actions that contribute to the well-​ being of the whole system Make systemic impact with our craft ... even when that action means giving up some local autonomy?

Joy in work comes from understanding why your work is important. -- W. Edwards Deming

Lead with the WHY, not the WAY Architect for value coherence Credit: John Cutler

Credit: John Cutler A shared and deeper understanding of the "WHY"

Impactful software systems Req., code, test, deploy, run Scientific modeling Another cross over the bridge "The 2nd sociotechnical chasm" Collaborative languaging & modelilng Context & systems awareness Software-​ Centric Craft Software-​ Centric Craft Model work as purposeful systems Social Relational Craft Listening and reflective conversation skills Impactful human systems "The 1st sociotechnical chasm" Impactful whole work

"Software development is a learning process, working code is a side effect". -Alberto Brandolini A learning and developmental journey

What is needed in sociotechnical systems changes technological sophistication human sophistication modeling analysis simulation visualization synthesis categorization advocacy agency listening inquiry sociotechnical design emotional intelligence systems thinking system dynamics modeling technological advancements architecture institutional learning systems leadership productivity mental models constraints modeling affordance

Thank you [email protected] @[email protected] /in/xinxin/ @settling_mud