C f g M g m t C a m p 2015 Painlessly Discovering (and monitoring) All The Things #AssimProj @OSSAlanR http://assimproj.org/ Alan Robertson Assimilation Systems Limited http://assimilationsystems.com © 2015 Assimilation Systems Limited

CfgMgmt Camp 03 February 2015 2/38 C f g M g m t C a m p 2015 © 2015 Assimilation Systems Limited Biography ● 35+ years in IT/development – 10 years in system management (SysAdmin) ● Founded Linux-HA project - led 1998-2007 – aka “Heartbeat” - now called Pacemaker ● Founded Assimilation Project in 2010 ● Founded Assimilation Systems Limited in 2013 ● Alumnus of Bell Labs, SuSE, IBM

CfgMgmt Camp 03 February 2015 3/38 C f g M g m t C a m p 2015 © 2015 Assimilation Systems Limited Assimilation Project History ● Inspired by 2 million core computer (cyclops64) ● Concerns for extreme scale ● Topology aware monitoring ● Topology discovery w/out security issues =►Discovery of everything!

CfgMgmt Camp 03 February 2015 4/38 C f g M g m t C a m p 2015 © 2015 Assimilation Systems Limited An 8-dimensional overview 1.Problems Addressed 2.Unique Capabilities 3.Distribution of Work 4.Architectural Components 5.Sample Graph and Discovery API 6.Best Practice Analyses 7.Current Status 8.What You Need To Do!

C f g M g m t C a m p 2015 First Dimension: Problems Addressed ● Discovering and maintaining documentation (CMDB) using continuous discovery – Services, Systems, Dependencies, Switches, Interconnects, Configuration ● Monitoring and alerting: services, systems and compliance ● Managing compliance ● Mitigating risk

CfgMgmt Camp 03 February 2015 6/38 C f g M g m t C a m p 2015 © 2015 Assimilation Systems Limited Highly Scalable Discovery- Driven Automation Continuous Discovery drives everything ● Continuous extensible discovery (CMDB) – systems, switches, services, dependencies – zero network footprint discovery process ● Extensible exception monitoring – more than 100K systems ● Discovery Drives Best Practice Analyses – Initially concentrating on security ● All data goes into central graph CMDB

CfgMgmt Camp 03 February 2015 7/38 C f g M g m t C a m p 2015 © 2015 Assimilation Systems Limited Why Discovery? (DevOps) ● Documentation: incomplete, incorrect ● Dependencies: unknown ● Planning: Needs accurate data ● Best Practices: Verification needs data ● ITIL CMDB (Configuration Management Data Base) Our Discovery: continuous, low-profile

CfgMgmt Camp 03 February 2015 8/38 C f g M g m t C a m p 2015 © 2015 Assimilation Systems Limited Second Dimension: Unique Powerful Features 1. Continuous Discovery 2. Discovery: Zero network footprint 3. Centralized graph database 4. We know everything that changes 5. Discover and update dependency information 6. Discovery and monitoring tightly integrated – discovery drives automation

CfgMgmt Camp 03 February 2015 9/38 C f g M g m t C a m p 2015 © 2015 Assimilation Systems Limited (even more) Features... 7. Discovery and monitoring easily extensible 8. Naturally scalable to > 100K systems 9. Minimal network load 10.Server failures distinguishable from switch failures 11.Best practice and vulnerability alerts 12.Multi-tenant support

CfgMgmt Camp 03 February 2015 10/38 C f g M g m t C a m p 2015 © 2015 Assimilation Systems Limited This all sounds unreasonable... ● Huge scalability without complexity? ● Discovery without pings or port scans? Really?

CfgMgmt Camp 03 February 2015 11/38 C f g M g m t C a m p 2015 © 2015 Assimilation Systems Limited Third Dimension: Fully distributed work Two philosophical underpinnings 1. Monitoring and Discovery are fully distributed 2. Reliable “no news is good news” Only responses to changes are centralized

CfgMgmt Camp 03 February 2015 12/38 C f g M g m t C a m p 2015 © 2015 Assimilation Systems Limited Simple Scalability I can explain how we scale so your grandmother would understand...

CfgMgmt Camp 03 February 2015 13/38 C f g M g m t C a m p 2015 © 2015 Assimilation Systems Limited Simple Scalability I can explain how we scale so your grandmother would understand... istockphoto ©bowdenimages

CfgMgmt Camp 03 February 2015 14/38 C f g M g m t C a m p 2015 © 2015 Assimilation Systems Limited Massive Scalability – or “I see dead servers in O(1) time” ● Adding systems does not increase the monitoring work on any system ● Each server monitors 2 (or 4) neighbors ● Each server monitors and discovers its own services ● Ring repair and alerting is O(n) – but a very small amount of work Current Implementation

CfgMgmt Camp 03 February 2015 15/38 C f g M g m t C a m p 2015 © 2015 Assimilation Systems Limited Fourth Dimension: Architectural Components Three Architectural Components 1. Collective Management Authority ● One CMA per installation 2. Nanoprobes (agents) ● One per system 3. Data Storage ● Central Neo4j graph database (CMDB)

CfgMgmt Camp 03 February 2015 16/38 C f g M g m t C a m p 2015 © 2015 Assimilation Systems Limited Basic CMA Functions (python) Nanoprobe management ● Configure & direct ● Hear alerts & discovery ● Update rings: join/leave Update database Analyze configuration changes Issue alerts -- provide event notification

CfgMgmt Camp 03 February 2015 17/38 C f g M g m t C a m p 2015 © 2015 Assimilation Systems Limited Nanoprobe Functions ('C') Announce self to CMA ● Default: use reserved multicast address Do what CMA says ● receive configuration information – CMA addresses, ports, defaults ● send/expect heartbeats ● perform discovery actions ● perform monitoring actions No persistent state across reboots

CfgMgmt Camp 03 February 2015 18/38 C f g M g m t C a m p 2015 © 2015 Assimilation Systems Limited Service Monitoring based on HA Technologies ● Well-proven architecture: – reliable “no news is good news” ● Implements Open Cluster Framework standard (LSB and others) ● Each system monitors own services ● Can also start, stop, migrate services

CfgMgmt Camp 03 February 2015 19/38 C f g M g m t C a m p 2015 © 2015 Assimilation Systems Limited A multi-dimensional demo ● Demonstrate basic capabilities – Discovery – Discovery-driven monitoring configuration – Discovery-driven 'tripwire-like' checksums – Monitoring – failures / successes – Host down notification ● No configuration was supplied – everything comes from discovery http://assimilationsystems.com/90_second_demo/

CfgMgmt Camp 03 February 2015 20/38 C f g M g m t C a m p 2015 © 2015 Assimilation Systems Limited Fifth Dimension: Discovery Graph and API

CfgMgmt Camp 03 February 2015 21/38 C f g M g m t C a m p 2015 © 2015 Assimilation Systems Limited How does discovery work? Nanoprobe scripts perform discovery ● Each discovers one kind of information ● Can take arguments from environment ● Output JSON CMA stores Discovery Information ● JSON stored in Neo4j database ● CMA discovery plugins => graph nodes and relationships

CfgMgmt Camp 03 February 2015 22/38 C f g M g m t C a m p 2015 © 2015 Assimilation Systems Limited A Few Canned Queries allipports get all port/ip/service/hosts allswitchports get switch connections crashed get crashed servers shutdown get gracefully shutdown servers downservices get nonworking services findip get system owning IP findmac get system owning MAC unknownips get unknown IP addresses unmonitored get unmonitored services

CfgMgmt Camp 03 February 2015 23/38 C f g M g m t C a m p 2015 © 2015 Assimilation Systems Limited OS discovery JSON Snippet { "nodename": "alanr-1225B", "operating-system": "GNU/Linux", "machine": "x86_64", "processor": "x86_64", "hardware-platform": "x86_64", "kernel-name": "Linux", "kernel-release": "3.8.0-31-generic", "kernel-version": "#46-Ubuntu SMP ...", "Distributor ID": "Ubuntu", "Description": "Ubuntu 13.04", "Release": "13.04", "Codename": "raring" }

CfgMgmt Camp 03 February 2015 24/38 C f g M g m t C a m p 2015 © 2015 Assimilation Systems Limited Sixth Dimension: Best Practice Analyses This is a planned direction of the project ● Triggered by Discovery Updates – Analysis occurs within seconds of change – No change => No analysis ● We can analyze anything discovered ● Expect to create alerts and reports

CfgMgmt Camp 03 February 2015 25/38 C f g M g m t C a m p 2015 © 2015 Assimilation Systems Limited Sample Security Best Practices ● Inappropriate services (telnet, etc) ● Settings in /proc/sys/ ● Security Patch Coverage – OS vendor (RedHat, SuSE, Canonical, etc) – Application (Oracle, IBM, WordPress, etc) ● Other OS settings ● Common Application Settings FYI: Sharing information with Lynis project

CfgMgmt Camp 03 February 2015 26/38 C f g M g m t C a m p 2015 © 2015 Assimilation Systems Limited Other Sample Security Features ● Discovery of “forgotten” IP addresses ● Monitoring of Open Ports and Services ● Nmon profiling of new MAC addresses ● Checksum outliers analysis ● Security Best Practice Analyses

CfgMgmt Camp 03 February 2015 27/38 C f g M g m t C a m p 2015 © 2015 Assimilation Systems Limited Seventh Dimension: Current Status ● Fifth release tagged 30 January 2015 ● Moving towards security emphasis ● Great unit and system tests ● Strongly encrypted communication ● Several discovery methods written ● Extensible Automated Discovery Triggers ● Discovery => Automatic Monitoring + Network-Facing Checksums ● Command Line Queries ● Licenses: Commercial or GPLv3

CfgMgmt Camp 03 February 2015 28/38 C f g M g m t C a m p 2015 © 2015 Assimilation Systems Limited Eighth Dimension: Get Involved! ● Early adopters – customers! ● Contributors – Testers, Continuous Integration – Best practice experts – Designers – Developers (C,Python, Shell, PowerShell, JavaScript) – Porters (esp Windows) – Promoters, Publicists, Packagers, etc.

CfgMgmt Camp 03 February 2015 29/38 C f g M g m t C a m p 2015 © 2015 Assimilation Systems Limited Resistance Is Futile! These slides bit.ly/AssimCFGMC15 Mailing List bit.ly/AssimML #AssimProj @OSSAlanR #assimilation on freenode IRC Project Web Site assimproj.org Company Web Site assimilationsystems.com

CfgMgmt Camp 03 February 2015 30/38 C f g M g m t C a m p 2015 © 2015 Assimilation Systems Limited Risk Management/Mitigation ● Intrusions ● Vulnerable Software ● Licensed Software ● Audit Risk ● Outages ● System management

CfgMgmt Camp 03 February 2015 31/38 C f g M g m t C a m p 2015 © 2015 Assimilation Systems Limited Why a graph database? (Neo4j) ● Humans describe systems as graphs ● Dependency & Discovery information: graph ● Speed of graph traversals depends on size of subgraph, not total graph size ● Root cause queries  graph traversals – notoriously slow in relational databases ● Visualization is Natural ● Schema-less design: good for constantly changing heterogeneous environment ● Graph Model === Object Model

CfgMgmt Camp 03 February 2015 32/38 C f g M g m t C a m p 2015 © 2015 Assimilation Systems Limited Monitoring Pros and Cons Pros Simple & Scalable Uniform work distribution No single point of failure Distinguishes switch vs host failure Easy on LAN, WAN Multi-tenant approach Cons Active agents Potential slowness at power-on

CfgMgmt Camp 03 February 2015 33/38 C f g M g m t C a m p 2015 © 2015 Assimilation Systems Limited Minimizing Network Footprint (planned) ● Support diagnosing switch issues ● Minimize network traffic ● Ideal for multi-site arrangements

CfgMgmt Camp 03 February 2015 34/38 C f g M g m t C a m p 2015 © 2015 Assimilation Systems Limited Sixth Dimension: Graph Schema Two Schema subgraphs ● Client / server dependency ● Switch interconnect

CfgMgmt Camp 03 February 2015 35/38 C f g M g m t C a m p 2015 © 2015 Assimilation Systems Limited "sshd": { "exe": "/usr/sbin/sshd", "cmdline": [ "/usr/sbin/sshd", "-D" ], "uid": "root", "gid": "root", "cwd": "/", "listenaddrs": { "0.0.0.0:22": { "proto": "tcp", "addr": "0.0.0.0", "port": 22 }, sshd Service JSON Snippet (from netstat and /proc)

CfgMgmt Camp 03 February 2015 36/38 C f g M g m t C a m p 2015 © 2015 Assimilation Systems Limited "ssh": { "exe": "/usr/sbin/ssh", "cmdline": [ "ssh", "servidor" ], "uid": "alanr", "gid": "alanr", "cwd": "/home/alanr/monitor/src", "clientaddrs": { "10.10.10.5:22": { "proto": "tcp", "addr": "10.10.10.5", "port": 22 }, ssh Client JSON Snippet (from netstat and /proc)

CfgMgmt Camp 03 February 2015 37/38 C f g M g m t C a m p 2015 © 2015 Assimilation Systems Limited ssh -> sshd dependency graph

CfgMgmt Camp 03 February 2015 38/38 C f g M g m t C a m p 2015 © 2015 Assimilation Systems Limited Switch Discovery Data from LLDP (or CDP)