Business and Technical Agility with Team Topologies - dealing with legacy systems - Reliance Jio - 2021-09-16

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TeamTopologies.com @TeamTopologies Business and Technical Agility with Team Topologies (dealing with legacy systems) Matthew Skelton co-author of Team Topologies @matthewpskelton Reliance Jio - 16 September 2021

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2 Manuel Pais Independent IT organizational consultant and trainer Ex-dev, ex-build manager, ex-tester, ex-QA lead Twitter: @manupaisable LinkedIn: manuelpais Matthew Skelton Founder at Conﬂux Experience as: software developer, technical director, change enabler, conference organizer... Twitter: @matthewpskelton LinkedIn: matthewskelton

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Team Topologies 3 Organizing business and technology teams for fast ﬂow Matthew Skelton & Manuel Pais IT Revolution Press, 2019 teamtopologies.com/book

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“innovative tools and concepts for structuring the next generation digital operating model” Charles T. Betz, Principal Analyst, Forrester Research 4

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5 What is business agility? Being agile, not doing ‘Agile’ Valuable: product mindset Team Topologies examples

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How does Team Topologies help with business & technical agility? 6

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Team Topologies encourages decoupling of business concepts to help make the organization more responsive

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Team Topologies patterns help to turn blocking compliance checks into self-service, ﬂow-aligned, API-driven checks

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Team Topologies is partly a sense-making approach to help organizations gain situational awareness and therefore agility

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Team Topologies helps the organization to focus tightly on its core mission via streams and limiting team cognitive load

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11 What is business agility? Being agile, not doing ‘Agile’ Valuable: product mindset Team Topologies examples

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What is business agility? 12

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Business Agility: the ability to respond rapidly* to changing internal and external conditions (* in hours)

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14 Photo by Daniele Levis Pelusi on Unsplash Remote-ﬁrst

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15 Photo by chuttersnap on Unsplash Speed of change: technology, climate, geopolitical

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16 Photo by chuttersnap on Unsplash Increased global and local competition

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Questions to answer How would we optimize for a fast ﬂow of change?

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Questions to answer How would we make sure we focus on user needs?

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Questions to answer How would we easily ‘course-correct’ when we need to adjust?

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26 What is business agility? Being agile, not doing ‘Agile’ Valuable: product mindset Team Topologies examples

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Being agile, not doing ‘Agile’

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28 State of DevOps reports 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Annual survey of 1000-5000 IT professionals worldwide using rigorous statistical methods 2020 2021

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29 State of DevOps 2019 Analysis from responses of over 31,000 IT professionals worldwide over 6 years “an independent view into the practices and capabilities that drive high performance” + “Four Key Metrics”

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30 State of DevOps 2019 “The use of cloud… is predictive of software delivery performance and availability.” “High performers favor strategies that create community structures at both low and high levels in the organization...”

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31 State of DevOps 2019 “Heavyweight change approval processes, such as change approval boards, negatively impact speed and stability. In contrast, having a clearly understood process for changes drives speed and stability, as well as reductions in burnout.”

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32 State of DevOps 2019 Key technical practices ● Lightweight change process ● Real DR testing ● Maintainable code ● Loosely-coupled systems ● Monitoring ● Trunk-based development ● Deployment automation

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Accelerate Building and Scaling High Performing Technology Organizations Nicole Forsgren, Jez Humble, Gene Kim IT Revolution Press, 2018 Order via stores worldwide: https://itrevolution.com/book/accelerate/ 33

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34 4 key metrics: ‘Accelerate’ lead time deployment frequency Mean Time To Restore change fail percentage

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35 State of DevOps 2021 “...principles and patterns from Team Topologies are helping organisations in every sector and geography become more high-performing.” https://puppet.com/resources/report/2021-state-of-devops-report/

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36 Fast feedback via deployment pipelines

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37 Good technical practices (TDD, …)

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38 Team ownership of software & services

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39 Conﬁguration in version control (Git)

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40 Cloud-native: transparent in operation

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41 Cloud-native: designed for automation

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43 Re-aligned architecture

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45 Domain-driven design (DDD) Untangle business concepts for faster ﬂow

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47 Wardley Maps Increase situational awareness and apply the right techniques - custom/product/utility

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49 Team Topologies Fast ﬂow, rapid feedback, team interactions, org evolution, team cognitive load, ...

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50 Rapid ﬂow of change

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51 Rapid feedback from running systems

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52 Handovers kill ﬂow

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56 Flow of change

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🔍 Track dependencies and separate as “blocking” vs “non-blocking” 57

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⏳ ⏳ Blocking Non- Blocking

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Remove barriers to ﬂow: hand-oﬀs, approval gates, manual inspections Replace with self-service APIs 59

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⚠ Compliance mindset shift: Permitting to Enabling 60

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“What would be needed for us to be compliant with security/ﬁnance/PII rules with multiple, decoupled, rapid ﬂows of change?” (Self-service APIs) Scaled Expertise 62

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Compliance as Code (API) 63 Flow of change Domain experts as Enabling team for compliance / governance

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64 What is business agility? Being agile, not doing ‘Agile’ Valuable: product mindset Team Topologies examples

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The value of a product mindset

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Product: Holistic User Experience Functionality + Design + Monetization + Content – Marty Cagan, 2010 66 Source: https://svpg.com/deﬁning-product/

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68 A product is optional to use - no-one is forced to use the product

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70 A product is carefully designed and curated

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72 A product simpliﬁes something for users

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74 A product evolves to take advantage of technology changes

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A strong focus on user needs drives good software #UX

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The software should ‘get out of the way’ - design for usability

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⚠ Product Management for internal platforms 77

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79 A platform is optional to use - no team is forced to use the platform

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Platforms must advocate for their platform product and “market” it to internal teams (User Personas, UX, talking...) Internal Marketing 80

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81 A platform is a curated experience for engineers (the customers of the platform).

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82 What is business agility? Being agile, not doing ‘Agile’ Valuable: product mindset Team Topologies examples

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Team Topologies examples

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[Before Team Topologies]

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86 Challenge Hiscox needed to increase the pace of change to release new products quickly into a highly competitive and fast-moving market. Solution Introduced DevOps practices and infrastructure automation

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87 Results ● Reduced cost per release on a major app by 97%. ● Release cycle improved from 10 weeks per deployment to 50 deployments per week. ● Reduced time per release by 89%. ● Reduced staﬀ required to release by 75%. https://www.uk.cdw.com/ﬁles/2515/3555/5104/Hiscox-Case-Study-20180411.pdf

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88 https://techbeacon.com/devops/5-lessons-how-devops-cloud-reinvented-it-ops-hiscox Jonathan Fletcher, CTO at Hiscox Insurance

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89 < 2015 2016 2017 data center ﬂooded data storage failures 2015 POCs for cloud Infrastructure as Code - conﬁg in version control New capabilities: upskilling and awareness Ops: learn to code Dev: learn infra Migrate core UK policy admin to cloud Rework apps to be more cloud-native https://blog.weareconvivio.com/how-hiscox-insurance-adopted-agile-working-in-a-0-5bn-bet-on-the-cloud-d613955d3ef9

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90 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V4FQjOyKwRo&feature=youtu.be&t=662

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91 “DevOps has meant big improvements in reliability and visibility, and those lead directly to improved productivity and speed of releases. With more reliability in your delivery process, you get a faster pace of change.” Jonathan Fletcher, CTO at Hiscox Insurance https://www.uk.cdw.com/ﬁles/2515/3555/5104/Hiscox-Case-Study-20180411.pdf

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92 “We decided to limit DevOpsifying to our crown jewels: the ﬁve applications we care about most.” Jonathan Fletcher, CTO at Hiscox Insurance https://www.uk.cdw.com/ﬁles/2515/3555/5104/Hiscox-Case-Study-20180411.pdf

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93 “We moved people into roles that were more aligned with the business unit — “product focused” is probably the right term, as I mentioned earlier. Each product team has its own business analysts, developers, testers and other functions as needed. These teams are the masters of their own destiny, rather than trying to beg and borrow capacity from a big group function.” Jonathan Fletcher, CTO at Hiscox Insurance https://www.uk.cdw.com/ﬁles/2515/3555/5104/Hiscox-Case-Study-20180411.pdf

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94 “We needed a team to evangelize and support the adoption of DevOps. … We created a platform services team (which I run). That team learned continuous delivery and other DevOps practices...” Jonathan Fletcher, CTO at Hiscox Insurance

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95 Results ● Reduced cost per release on a major app by 97%. ● Release cycle improved from 10 weeks per deployment to 50 deployments per week. ● Reduced time per release by 89%. ● Reduced staﬀ required to release by 75%. https://www.uk.cdw.com/ﬁles/2515/3555/5104/Hiscox-Case-Study-20180411.pdf

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Case studies in the TT book 96

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97 ...

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Sept 2021: 24 months since publication of TT Photo by noor Younis on Unsplash 98

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Industry examples on the TT website 99

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100

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Organizations that Matthew and Manuel have worked with since 2019... 101

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A large European banking group A major cloud technology company GOV: Brazil, Canada, Norway, UK, US Several major telecoms companies A scale-up in Open Banking An aerospace laboratory Healthcare providers Several mortgage companies 102

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Case Study 103

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● Founded 2005 ● 70 stores in the UK ● £260m revenue ● 2500 employees ● 2019: changes to make IT more responsive 104

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High fragmentation of work and focus 105 Jan 2019

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Identify boundaries - business domain 106 m id-2019

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Team Topologies at DOES London 2019 107 Jun 2019

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Team Topologies for Product Managers 108 Jun 2019 “The Product Managers from each team took special interest in the team interaction types as it helped them to have useful, directed conversations about upcoming work, they could essentially fact-check their diﬀerent roadmaps and make sure that the interactions required were lined up in advance. “ -- Andy Norton, Software Development Manager, Footasylum

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Align to Team Topologies concepts 109 Aug 2019

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Combine with Wardley Mapping 110 Jan 2020

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Adopt the Thinnest Viable Platform 112 Feb 2020 Static data ﬁne to begin with: shops rarely move!

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Clarity of purpose from team types 113 Feb 2020

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Concepts ● Stream-aligned (business domain) ● Thinnest Viable Platform ● Evolving teams and interactions ● Combine with Wardley Mapping 114 teamtopologies.com/examples

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● Product Mgt superpowers ● Eﬀective comms during COVID-19 ● Responsive, autonomous teams Results 115 teamtopologies.com/examples

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“the interaction modes deﬁned by Team Topologies gave us real insight into how we could maintain eﬀective practices, and also cross-team collaboration.“ -- Andy Norton, Software Development Manager, Footasylum 116

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Thanks to: Paul Martin IT Director, Footasylum Andy Norton Software Development Manager, Footasylum 117

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Dealing with legacy architectures

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Use loosely-coupled, logically independent, asynchronous, message-driven services. 147

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Use loosely-coupled, logically independent, asynchronous, message-driven services. 148 Smalltalk (1960s) Erlang (1980s)

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“...start adopting product architectures that permit work to ﬂow in small, decoupled batches. These loosely coupled architectures, with stable interfaces, enable us to work in parallel on many subsystems.” - Don Reinertsen 149 The Principles of Product Development Flow: Second Generation Lean Product Development (p. 127 - Principle B15)

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150 Standard, modern version control Photo by Clay Banks on Unsplash

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151 All changes via a deployment pipeline Photo by Markus Winkler on Unsplash

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152 4 Team Types: clarity of purpose and behavior Photo by Dev Benjamin on Unsplash

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153 Team Interaction Modes Photo by Van Tay Media on Unsplash

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Legacy Adaptation Patterns

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155 Split oﬀ services by domain (DDD) Photo by Jeremy Bezanger on Unsplash

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156 API wrapper + outer services Photo by Brett Jordan on Unsplash

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157 Eventual consistency Photo by NeONBRAND on Unsplash

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158 Branch By Abstraction Photo by sainan wang on Unsplash

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https://martinfowler.com/articles/patterns-legacy-displacement/ Patterns of Legacy Displacement

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Case Study 160

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● Founded in 1847 ● Insurance sector ● Norway and Baltics ● 4000 employees ● Cloud/DevOps transformation 2015-now 161

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2015 162 Project-based Waterfall

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Now: Stream-aligned 163

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Supporting topologies 164 Design Platform, Analytics Platform, Web Application Platform, CRM platform, Infrastructure platform Mainframe core system Architecture, Information Security

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Concepts ● Stream-aligned: build & run ● Supporting team types: clarity ● Platform teams have customers: Stream-aligned teams 165

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Results ● Digital sales: 40% growth (5 yrs) ● Customer service: 2x digital ● Claims handling: 80%+ online 166 teamtopologies.com/examples

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Thanks to: Christian Moe Chief Digital Oﬃcer Gjensidige Insurance 167

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168 What is business agility? Being agile, not doing ‘Agile’ Valuable: product mindset Team Topologies examples

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Respond rapidly to changing external and internal conditions

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Situational awareness, clarity of business purpose, good technical practices, localised decisions

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Strong focus on user needs and User Experience (UX), clear costs, viability, mission, ...

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Real-world examples & Dealing with legacy

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How does Team Topologies help with business and technical agility? 173

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Team Topologies encourages decoupling of business concepts to help make the organization more responsive

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Team Topologies patterns help to turn blocking compliance checks into self-service, ﬂow-aligned, API-driven checks

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Team Topologies is partly a sense-making approach to help organizations gain situational awareness and therefore agility

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Team Topologies helps the organization to focus tightly on its core mission via streams and limiting team cognitive load

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What’s next? 178

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Free Resources 180 teamtopologies.com/resources (links, slides, video) teamtopologies.com/tools (templates, assessments, etc)

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Infographics ● Getting Started ● In a Nutshell 181 teamtopologies.com/infographics

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academy.teamtopologies.com

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TeamTopologies.com @TeamTopologies Team Topologies Partner Program 🤝 partners@teamtopologies.com

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TeamTopologies.com @TeamTopologies Sign up for news and tips: TeamTopologies.com

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188 Manuel Pais FlowOnRails Twitter: @manupaisable LinkedIn: manuelpais Matthew Skelton Conﬂux Twitter: @matthewpskelton LinkedIn: matthewskelton Copyright © Conﬂux Digital Ltd and FlowOnRails 2018-2021. All rights reserved. teamtopologies.com