Default to Open - Speaker Deck

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Insights on Open Source From a 25 Year Old Company Harish Pillay Head, Community Architecture and Leadership @harishpillay • [email protected]

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What Happens When You Default to Open Harish Pillay Head, Community Architecture and Leadership @harishpillay • [email protected]

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A 6 act talk

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“Look at your fish” * * apologies to Samuel Scudder - http://grammar.about.com/od/classicessays/a/Look-At-Your-Fish-By-Samuel-H-Scudder.htm

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Haemulon CC BY Brian Gratwicke https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haemulon#/media/File:Haemulon_flavolineatum_French_grunt.jpg

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Samuel Hubbard Scudder https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/ File:Samuel_Hubbard_Scudder_1837-1911.jpg#/ media/File:Samuel_Hubbard_Scudder_1837-1911.jpg Professor Louis Agassiz https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Agassiz

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“No man is fit to be a naturalist, who does not know how to take care of specimens.” - Prof Agassiz as remembered by Samuel Scudder

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Haemulon CC BY Brian Gratwicke https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haemulon#/media/File:Haemulon_flavolineatum_French_grunt.jpg

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“Look at your fish” * * apologies to Samuel Scudder - http://grammar.about.com/od/classicessays/a/Look-At-Your-Fish-By-Samuel-H-Scudder.htm

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code “Look at your fish” * * apologies to Samuel Scudder - http://grammar.about.com/od/classicessays/a/Look-At-Your-Fish-By-Samuel-H-Scudder.htm

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14 Why Code?

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15 Why Open?

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16 Really, why?

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18 Instead of “Why Software FAILS”, this could have read, “Why Software Projects Fail” https://spectrum.ieee.org/computing/software/why-software-fails September 2005

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19 That Sept 2005 IEEE Spectrum article suggests that there are 12 common factors why software projects fail

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20 https://spectrum.ieee.org/computing/software/why-software-fails September 2005 12 most common factors: ● 1. Unrealistic or unarticulated project goals 2. Inaccurate estimates of needed resources 3. Badly defined system requirements 4. Poor reporting of the project’s status 5. Unmanaged risks 6. Poor communication among customers, developers, and users 7. Use of immature technology 8. Inability to handle the project’s complexity 9. Sloppy development practices 10. Poor project management 11. Stakeholder politics 12. Commercial pressures Why do software projects fail so often?

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21 Are those failures because of code?

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22 https://spectrum.ieee.org/computing/software/why-software-fails September 2005 12 most common factors: ● 1. Unrealistic or unarticulated project goals 2. Inaccurate estimates of needed resources 3. Badly defined system requirements 4. Poor reporting of the project’s status 5. Unmanaged risks 6. Poor communication among customers, developers, and users 7. Use of immature technology 8. Inability to handle the project’s complexity 9. Sloppy development practices 10. Poor project management 11. Stakeholder politics 12. Commercial pressures Why do software projects fail so often?

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23 Or is it because of failure to collaborate?

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24 Instead of “Why Software FAILS”, this could have read, “Why Projects Fail” https://spectrum.ieee.org/computing/software/why-software-fails September 2005

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27 “My code repo is mine, and your repo is yours!”

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28 THE OPEN SOURCE WAY

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29 Create. Share. Collaborate. Rinse and Repeat! THE OPEN SOURCE WAY

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30 Permissionless Innovation

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31 Ask for forgiveness, not permission

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32 https://investors.redhat.com/corporate-governance/governance-documents

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33 “Participation in an open source project, whether maintained by the Company or by another commercial or non-commercial entity or organization, does not constitute a conflict of interest even where such participant makes a determination in the interest of the project that is adverse to the Company's interests.” * * Page 2, second last paragraph

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36 How the Open Source Development Model Succeeded

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VERY BRIEF HISTORY OF FREE SOFTWARE

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38 IOW, how did we get here?

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39 1980-1984

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40 Richard M Stallman (photo from 2014)

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41 Xerox 9700 Laser Printer https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xerox_9700 http://www.oreilly.com/openbook/freedom/ch01.html “Free as in freedom” Richard Stallman’s Crusade for Free Software

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42 GNU’s Not Unix

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43 Established 4th October, 1985

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44 FOUR FREEDOMS fsf.org Freedom 0: Free to use Anyone can use it, however they like. Freedom 1: Free to copy Anyone can get a copy for the cost of media. Freedom 2: Free to modify If I don’t like how it works, I can change it. Freedom 3: Free to distribute I can share my changes.

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45 GNU PUBLIC LICENSE http://gnu.org Implements the four freedoms. - Use, copy, modify, distribute. Built SOLIDLY on copyright. - The author provides additional rights for additional responsibilities.

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46 LINUX IS BORN From: [email protected] (Linus Benedict Torvalds) Newsgroups: comp.os.minix Subject: What would you like to see most in minix? Message-ID: <[email protected]> Date: 25 Aug 91 20:57:08 GMT Organization: University of Helsinki “I'm doing a (free) operating system (just a hobby, won't be big and professional like gnu) for 386(486) AT clones. This has been brewing since april, and is starting to get ready. I'd like any feedback on things people like/dislike in minix ...” https://tinyurl.com/arfweyo

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47 http://catb.org/~esr/writings/homesteading/cathedral-bazaar/

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48 “Open Source”1 is a marketing phrase coined2 by Christine Peterson3 in 1998 to make “free software” acceptable to newcomers and businesses 1 https://opensource.org/history 2 https://opensource.com/article/18/2/coining-term-open-source-software 3 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christine_Peterson

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49 Open Source Initiative – opensource.org - was set up in 1998 to be an educational, advocacy, and stewardship organization around collaborative development.

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52 LICENSING

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53 LICENSING IS CRUCIAL Licensing creates the community. - It tells us how contributions are handled. Licensing determines the business model. - If you compel source redistribution, how do you build a business? Licensing should be easy. - If it’s too complicated, you lose contributors.

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54 IT’S ALL ABOUT LICENSING! PERMISSIVE/ WEAK COPYLEFT BSD, MIT, Apache, Mozilla, Eclipse, LGPL STRONG COPYLEFT GPL AGPL EUPL Public Domain Non-protective Open Source Licenses Protective Open Source Licenses Proprietary Licenses Trade Secrets All rights relinquished All rights retained Rights in Copyright

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“Look at your fish” * * apologies to Samuel Scudder - http://grammar.about.com/od/classicessays/a/Look-At-Your-Fish-By-Samuel-H-Scudder.htm

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Haemulon CC BY Brian Gratwicke https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haemulon#/media/File:Haemulon_flavolineatum_French_grunt.jpg

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The Incredibly Fine Balance between Open Source Projects and Open Source Products

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What is an Open Source Project?

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● Idealism to solve a problem ● No constraints – should it have a product roadmap? ● No pain, no gain ● Ask forgiveness, not permission ● Permissionless innovation ● Risk taking – no Product Requirements Document ● Fail fast, fail early – learn, grow and evolve Some characteristics of a Project

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What is an Open Source Product?

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Characteristics of Products ● Reduce risk – both yours and your customers ● Constrained in that it needs to meet the customer requirements ● UX/UI finesse ● Scalability is important: how would you help the evolution of the product? ● Branding: project name <> product name

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Projects and Products Need People

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What about People ● Project people have a different motivations compared with Product people ● The motivations of being in a project team is significantly different than being a product team ● There may be overlaps, but it is few and far between

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Source Code License Community Free and Open Source Software

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No content

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70 Red Hat Linux 1996

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73 Page 7 – Red Hat Linux User’s Guide 1996

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Fast forward a few years ...

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75 COMMUNISTS Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer, July 2000 http://www.theregister.co.uk/2000/07/31/ms_ballmer_linux_is_communism/ Image: https://www.flickr.com/photos/daviderickson/718933691 CC BY-SA 2.0

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76 https://www.redhat.com/en/about/patent-promise

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77 http://www.theregister.co.uk/2004/11/18/ballmer_linux_lawsuits/

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11 years later ...

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79 Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella January 2015 https://youtu.be/54hHr8ye2kE

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15 days ago, on 10/10/18, Microsoft joins the Open Invention Network - making more than 60,000 software patents available to all in the Linux & open source ecosystems at no cost and in perpetuity!

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Comments? Harish Pillay [email protected] @harishpillay, 9V1HP Open Unlocks The World’s Potential Photo taken 22 Oct 2018 at Red Hat Singapore pantry