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DEVELOPING CACHEABLE
PHP APPLICATIONS
Thijs Feryn
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Slow websites
SUCK
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WEB PERFORMANCE IS AN
ESSENTIAL PART OF THE
USER EXPERIENCE
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SLOW ~ DOWN
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THROWING
SERVERS
AT THE PROBLEM
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MO' MONEY
MO' SERVERS
MO' PROBLEMS
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IDENTIFY SLOWEST PARTS
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OPTIMIZE
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AFTER A WHILE YOU HIT THE LIMITS
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CACHE
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HI, I'M THIJS
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I'M AN
EVANGELIST
AT
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I'M @THIJSFERYN
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WE'RE HOSTING A MEETUP
✓ THURSDAY JULY 25TH
✓ 6PM - 9PM
✓ BARCADE, CHELSEA, NYC
✓ RSVP !
https://info.varnish-software.com/varnish-nyc-meetup-2019
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DON’T RECOMPUTE
IF THE DATA
HASN’T CHANGED
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REVERSE CACHING PROXY
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NORMALLY
USER SERVER
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WITH REVERSE CACHING PROXY
USER PROXY SERVER
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HTTP CACHING MECHANISMS
Expires: Sat, 23 July 2019 00:30:00 GMT
Cache-control: public, max-age=3600,
s-maxage=86400
Cache-control: private, no-cache, no-store
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IN AN IDEAL WORLD
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✓STATELESS
✓WELL-DEFINED TTL
✓CACHE / NO-CACHE PER RESOURCE
✓CACHE VARIATIONS
✓CONDITIONAL REQUESTS
✓PLACEHOLDERS FOR NON-CACHEABLE CONTENT
✓EDGE-SIDE LOGIC FOR PERSONALIZED CACHING
IN AN IDEAL WORLD
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REALITY
SUCKS
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TIME TO LIVE
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CACHE VARIATIONS
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LEGACY
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WHAT IF WE COULD
DESIGN OUR
SOFTWARE WITH
HTTP CACHING IN
MIND?
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CACHING STATE OF MIND
✓ PORTABILITY
✓ DEVELOPER EMPOWERMENT
✓ CONTROL
✓ CONSISTENT CACHING BEHAVIOR
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CACHE-CONTROL
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Cache-Control: public, s-maxage=500
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render('index.twig')
->setSharedMaxAge(500)
->setPublic();
}
}
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Cache-Control: private, no-store
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/**
* @Route("/private", name="private")
*/
public function private()
{
$response = $this
->render('private.twig')
->setPrivate();
$response->headers->addCacheControlDirective('no-store');
return $response;
}
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CONDITIONAL
REQUESTS
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ONLY FETCH PAYLOAD THAT HAS CHANGED
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HTTP/1.1 200 OK
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OTHERWISE:
HTTP/1.1 304 NOT MODIFIED
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CONDITIONAL REQUESTS
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Host: localhost
Etag: 7c9d70604c6061da9bb9377d3f00eb27
Content-type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
Hello world output
GET / HTTP/1.1
Host: localhost
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CONDITIONAL REQUESTS
HTTP/1.1 304 Not Modified
Host: localhost
Etag: 7c9d70604c6061da9bb9377d3f00eb27
GET / HTTP/1.1
Host: localhost
If-None-Match: 7c9d70604c6061da9bb9377d3f00eb27
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CONDITIONAL REQUESTS
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Host: localhost
Last-Modified: Fri, 22 Jul 2016 10:11:16 GMT
Content-type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
Hello world output
GET / HTTP/1.1
Host: localhost
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CONDITIONAL REQUESTS
HTTP/1.1 304 Not Modified
Host: localhost
Last-Modified: Fri, 22 Jul 2016 10:11:16 GMT
GET / HTTP/1.1
Host: localhost
If-Last-Modified: Fri, 22 Jul 2016 10:11:16 GMT
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Cache-Control: public, max-age=100,
s-maxage=500, stale-while-revalidate=20
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QUICKLY
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EARLY
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Store &
retrieve
Etag
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redis = $redis;
}
protected function isModified(Request $request, $etag)
{
if ($etags = $request->getETags()) {
return in_array($etag, $etags) || in_array('*', $etags);
}
return true;
}
...
src/EventListener/ConditionalRequestListener.php
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{
$this->redis = $redis;
}
protected function isModified(Request $request, $etag)
{
if ($etags = $request->getETags()) {
return in_array($etag, $etags) || in_array('*', $etags);
}
return true;
}
public function onKernelRequest(GetResponseEvent $event)
{
$request = $event->getRequest();
$etag = $this->redis->get('etag:'.md5($request->getUri()));
if(!$this->isModified($request,$etag)) {
$event->setResponse(Response::create('Not Modified',Response::HTTP_NOT_MODIFIED));
}
}
public function onKernelResponse(FilterResponseEvent $event)
{
$response = $event->getResponse();
$request = $event->getRequest();
$etag = md5($response->getContent());
$response->setEtag($etag);
if($this->isModified($request,$etag)) {
$this->redis->set('etag:'.md5($request->getUri()),$etag);
}
}
}
src/EventListener/ConditionalRequestListener.php
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CONTENT COMPOSITION
& PLACEHOLDERS
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Shopping
cart or account
information
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SESSION
COOKIE
NO CACHE
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CODE
RENDERS
SINGLE
HTTP
RESPONSE
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LOWEST
COMMON
DENOMINATOR:
NO CACHE
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PLACEHOLDERS
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AJAX
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Non-cached
AJAX call
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EDGE SIDE INCLUDES
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EDGE SIDE INCLUDES
✓ PLACEHOLDER
✓ W3C STANDARD
✓ PROCESSED "ON THE EDGE" (E.G. VARNISH)
✓ OUTPUT IS A COMPOSITION OF BLOCKS
✓ STATE PER BLOCK
✓ TTL PER BLOCK
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VARNISH Surrogate-Capability: key="ESI/1.0"
Surrogate-Control: content="ESI/1.0"
BACKEND
Parse ESI placeholders
VARNISH
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Non-cached ESI
placeholder
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ESI VS AJAX
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EDGE SIDE INCLUDES
✓ SERVER-SIDE
✓ STANDARDIZED
✓ PROCESSED ON THE
“EDGE”, NOT IN THE
BROWSER
✓ GENERALLY FASTER
- SEQUENTIAL
(ONLY PARALLEL IN ENTERPRISE VERSION)
- ONE FAILS, ALL FAIL
- LIMITED IMPLEMENTATION
IN VARNISH
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AJAX
✓ CLIENT-SIDE
✓ COMMON KNOWLEDGE
✓ PARALLEL PROCESSING
✓ GRACEFUL DEGRADATION
- PROCESSED BY THE
BROWSER
- EXTRA ROUNDTRIPS
- SOMEWHAT SLOWER
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COMPOSITION AT THE VIEW LAYER
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/**
* @Route("/", name="home")
*/
public function index()
{
return $this
->render('index.twig')
->setPublic()
->setSharedMaxAge(500);
}
/**
* @Route("/header", name="header")
*/
public function header()
{
$response = $this
->render('header.twig')
->setPrivate();
$response->headers->addCacheControlDirective('no-store');
return $response;
}
/**
* @Route("/footer", name="footer")
*/
public function footer()
{
$response = $this->render('footer.twig');
$response
->setSharedMaxAge(500)
->setPublic();
return $response;
}
/**
* @Route("/nav", name="nav")
*/
public function nav()
{
$response = $this->render('nav.twig');
$response
->setVary('X-Login',false)
->setSharedMaxAge(500)
->setPublic();
return $response;
}
Controller
action per
fragment
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{{ include('header.twig') }}
{{ include('footer.twig') }}
{{ include('nav.twig') }}
{% block content %}{% endblock %}
{{ render_esi(url('header')) }}
{{ render_esi(url('footer')) }}
{{ render_esi(url('nav')) }}
{% block content %}{% endblock %}
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An example page Rendered at 2017-05-17 16:57:14
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Mauris consequat orci eget libero sollicitudin,…
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CACHE VARIATIONS
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HOW DO YOU IDENTIFY AN
OBJECT IN CACHE?
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THE URL IDENTIFIES
THE OBJECT IN CACHE
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WHAT IF THE CONTENT
OF A URL VARIES
BASED ON THE VALUE
OF A REQUEST
HEADER?
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CACHE VARIATIONS
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Host: localhost
Content-Language: en
Content-type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
Hello world output
GET / HTTP/1.1
Host: localhost
Accept-Language: en, nl, de
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Vary: Accept-Language
Request
header
value
Response
header
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WHAT IF YOU CAN'T
LEVERAGE HTTP?
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WRITE VCL CODE
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sub vcl_recv {
if (req.url ~ "^/status\.php$" ||
req.url ~ "^/update\.php$" ||
req.url ~ "^/admin$" ||
req.url ~ "^/admin/.*$" ||
req.url ~ "^/flag/.*$" ||
req.url ~ "^.*/ajax/.*$" ||
req.url ~ "^.*/ahah/.*$") {
return (pass);
}
}
URL
blacklist
example
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vcl 4.0;
sub vcl_recv {
if (req.http.Cookie) {
set req.http.Cookie = ";" + req.http.Cookie;
set req.http.Cookie = regsuball(req.http.Cookie, "; +", ";");
set req.http.Cookie = regsuball(req.http.Cookie,
";(SESS[a-z0-9]+|SSESS[a-z0-9]+|NO_CACHE)=", "; \1=");
set req.http.Cookie = regsuball(req.http.Cookie, ";[^ ][^;]*", "");
set req.http.Cookie = regsuball(req.http.Cookie, "^[; ]+|[; ]+$", "");
if (req.http.Cookie == "") {
unset req.http.Cookie;
}
else {
return (pass);
}
}
}
Cookie
example
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VARNISH ENTERPRISE
✓ CLIENT SSL TERMINATION
✓ BACKEND SSL CONNECTIONS
✓ PARALLEL ESI
✓ MASSIVE STORAGE ENGINE
✓ ENCRYPTION
✓ THROTTLING
✓ RATE LIMITING
✓ PREFETCHING
✓ GEOLOCATION
✓ AUTHENTICATION
✓ EDGESTASH
✓ CUSTOM STATISTICS
✓ ADMIN MODULE
✓ SUPPORT
✓ HIGH AVAILABILITY
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EDGE CONTENT
TRANSFORMATION
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HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Accept-Ranges: bytes
Age: 11
Cache-Control: max-age=30, public, s-maxage=100
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
Date: Thu, 11 Jul 2019 13:47:57 GMT
X-Varnish: 262420 262415
Hello Thijs
Hello {{username}}
USER
VARNISH
ENTERPRISE
ORIGIN
GET /liked HTTP/1.1
Cookie:PHPSESSID=21779b3a7a75fca1851954b9810faa26
GET sf_s21779b3a7a75fca1851954b9810faa26
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HTTPS://AWS.AMAZON.COM/QUICKSTART/ARCHITECTURE/VARNISH/
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WE'RE HOSTING A MEETUP
✓ THURSDAY JULY 25TH
✓ 6PM - 9PM
✓ BARCADE, CHELSEA, NYC
✓ RSVP !
https://info.varnish-software.com/varnish-nyc-meetup-2019
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No content
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HTTPS://FERYN.EU
HTTPS://TWITTER.COM/THIJSFERYN
HTTPS://INSTAGRAM.COM/THIJSFERYN