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FreeBSD ports system dv 許邱翔 @ NCTU

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前情提要 有來上次社課的話 應該已經裝好一個自己的 FreeBSD 了

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前情提要 (cont'd) 沒有自己的 FreeBSD 可以用的話 馬上舉手 0.0/ (我們有備好虛擬機可以用)

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前情提要 (cont'd) 現在請先開好自己的 FreeBSD

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說明 以下投影片中 # 開頭的都是指令

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說明 (cont'd) 在修改系統設定檔、安裝軟體時 需要 root 權限

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\社課正式開始/

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一般軟體安裝 Click, Click, Click

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FreeBSD 軟體安裝 use command !!!

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ports tree ports tree 是 FreeBSD 上的 軟體列表 而且是有經過檢驗的 而放在裡面的軟體就被稱為 ports

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ports tree (cont'd) 接下來將教你如何藉由 ports tree 來安裝軟體

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ports tree (cont'd) Ports tree is what you need before installing ports Path: /usr/ports/

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ports tree (cont'd) 請先 cd 進去 /usr/ports/ 看看裡面是不是空的 如果你安裝時沒有勾選 ports 的話 應該是空的 現在來教如何抓 ports tree ~

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portsnap 更新、管理 ports tree 的工具

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portsnap (cont'd) First time # edit /etc/portsnap.conf SERVERNAME=portsnap.FreeBSD.org SERVERNAME=portsnap.tw.FreeBSD.org

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portsnap (cont'd) First time # portsnap fetch # portsnap extract merge => # portsnap fetch extract

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portsnap (cont'd) After the first use # portsnap fetch # portsnap update merge => # portsnap fetch update

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Search - whereis # whereis NAME # whereis rsync rsync: /usr/ports/net/rsync

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Search - echo (using wildcard) # echo /usr/ports/*/NAME # echo /usr/ports/*/rsync /usr/ports/net/rsync # echo /usr/ports/*/*NAME*

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INDEX # make fetchindex (the files are INDEX-*) For make search & make quicksearch

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Search - make search # cd /usr/ports/ # make search name=NAME # make search key=KEYWORD If names or keywords have multiple words, use ' ' or " "

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Search - make search (cont'd) Port: rsync-3.0.9_3 Path: /usr/ports/net/rsync Info: Network file distribution/synchronization utility Maint: [email protected] B-deps: R-deps: WWW: http://rsync.samba.org/

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B-deps B-deps means Build dependencies

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R-deps R-deps means Run dependencies

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Search - make quicksearch # cd /usr/ports/ # make quicksearch name=NAME Port: rsync-3.0.9_3 Path: /usr/ports/net/rsync Info: Network file distribution/synchronization utility

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Search - psearch ports-mgmt/psearch # psearch NAME # psearch rsync net/rsync Network file distribution...

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in the ports 請先 cd 到 /usr/ports/security/sudo

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in the ports (cont'd) ● Makefile ● distinfo - info about files and checksums ● files/ - some patches and files ● pkg-descr - more descriptions ● pkg-plist - all files that port will install

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in the ports (cont'd) other files ● pkg-message - msg to user (after installed)

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Before getting the source # edit /etc/make.conf MASTER_SITE_BACKUP?= \ http://freebsd.cs.nctu.edu.tw/distfiles/${DIST_SUBDIR}/ MASTER_SITE_OVERRIDE?= ${MASTER_SITE_BACKUP}

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make # cd /path/to/your/ports # make # make install # make clean merge => # make install clean

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make (cont'd) # make deinstall delete software anyway even if it is required by other packages

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make (cont'd) change config again # make config

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make your make faster # edit /etc/make.conf FORCE_MAKE_JOBS=yes MAKE_JOBS_NUMBER=6

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portmaster ports-mgmt/portmaster # portmaster PORTS_PATH ex: # portmaster security/sudo

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portmaster (cont'd) check upgrade (all installed software) # portmaster -a

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portmaster (cont'd) ● -a 確認所有的ports有沒有可以升級的 ● -d 升級或移除ports的時候自動將用不到的 distfiles砍掉 ● -B 升級時，不將舊的套件備份起來 ● -f 強制編譯升級ports ex: # portmaster -dB security/sudo

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portmaster (cont'd) ● -G 不跳出 make config 選擇視窗 ● -y 對所有問題都回答yes ● --clean-distfiles 移除不需要的distfiles ● --clean-packages 移除不需要的packages ● --check-depends 確認目前所有的ports相 依性

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ports & package package ● Install faster, but run slower (binary) ● less flexibility ● save the time building from source ports ● Build from source ● Install slower than package, but run faster ● more flexibility ● easier to modify code

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pkg_add, pkg_delete # pkg_add LOCAL_PACKAGE_FILES # pkg_add -r PACKAGE_NAME (remote)

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pkg_add, pkg_delete (cont'd) # pkg_delete NAME-VERSION pkg_delete need specific version

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pkg_add, pkg_delete (cont'd) # pkg_delete NAME\*

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pkg_add, pkg_delete (cont'd) # pkg_delete -r -v PACKAGE_NAME ● -r : Recursive removal ● -v : Turn on verbose output ● -f : force

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pkgng ports-mgmt/pkg a replacement for pkg_* tools convert the package database # pkg2ng (This step is not reversible)

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pkgng (cont'd) # pkg install NAME # pkg delete NAME

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pkgng (cont'd) earlier than FreeBSD 10.X require this line in /etc/make.conf WITH_PKGNG = YES

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pkgng notice 不要在使用 pkg2ng 來轉成使用 pkgng 前 在 make.conf 加入 WITH_PKGNG = YES

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Other command list and describe installed packages # pkg_info # pkg info (pkgng)

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Other command (cont'd) compares the package version to the current version found in the ports tree # pkg_verson # pkg version (pkgng)

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Rehash # rehash

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Updating check /usr/ports/UPDATING it documents some of the problems you may encounter when upgrading your ports

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Updating (cont'd) # pkg_updating # pkg updating (pkgng) # pkg_updating NAME_OF_SOFTWARE # pkg updating NAME_OF_SOFTWARE (pkgng) print the ${PORTSDIR}/UPDATING entries that concern your installed packages

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Updating (cont'd) list installed software and search for updates # portmaster -L upgrade all ports that can be upgraded # portmaster -a

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Portaudit ports-mgmt/portaudit check if installed ports are listed in a database of published security vulnerabilities

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Portaudit (cont'd) # portaudit -Fda # portaudit ● -F Fetch the current database ● -d Print the creation date of the database ● -a Print a vulnerability report for all installed packages

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pkg audit Fetch the database before checking # pkg audit -F # pkg audit ● -F Fetch the database

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Task Today install below software ● screen ● vim-lite ● sudo ● subversion ● git ● python

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Reference ● FreeBSD handbook ● NCTU SA - Install Applications ● FreeBSD Ports - pellaeon ● FreeBSD wiki - pkgng ● FreeBSD wiki - Pkg Primer ● portmaster - Hsian Studio ● command manual

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This is the end of today's course Thanks for everyone

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More things

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PKGSITE 如果想改用其他 FreeBSD Packages Mirror 就得設定此環境變數 # setenv PKGSITE PACKAGES_MIRROR_URL

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PKGSITE (cont'd) 如果之後想移除此環境變數時 可下此指令 # unsetenv PKGSITE

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portconf 一次設定好編譯參數 以後裝新機就不用重新勾選

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portconf (cont'd) /usr/local/etc/ports.conf net/rsync: WITH_ICONV Wildcard can be used.

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ports tree (cont'd) ● distfiles/ 預設會把安裝軟體時所需要下載的檔案 存到 /usr/ports/distfiles/ 底下

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ports tree (cont'd) ● CHANGES major changes to ports and the ports infrastructure (for ports committers, maintainers and other developers)

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ports tree (cont'd) ● MOVED A list of (recently) moved or removed ports