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NAVER WEBTOON | 안성용 의 존 성 주 이 ᆸ 과 Dagger Hilt

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Sungyong An NAVER WEBTOON Android GDE @fornewid Link: h tt ps://speakerdeck.com/fornewid

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(Dependency Injection) ? ? 🤔

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Dagger Hilt ? ? 🤔

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? ? 🤔

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Dagger Hilt . 목표

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(Dependency Injection) 1

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(Dependency) ? (Reference) . . , Car Engine . Car Engine Dependency

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(Dependency Injection) (DI) . . Car Engine

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class Car { private val engine: Engine = Engine() // construct + use fun start() { engine.start() } } fun main(args: Array) { val car = Car() car.start() } Car Engine Current

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class Car( private val engine: Engine // use ) { fun start() { engine.start() } } fun main(args: Array) { val engine = Engine() // construct val car = Car(engine) car.start() } Car With DI (Constructor Injection) Engine

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class Car { lateinit var engine: Engine // use fun start() { engine.start() } } fun main(args: Array) { val car = Car() car.engine = Engine() // construct car.start() } With DI (Field Injection) Car Engine

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Engine , Car . fun main(args: Array) { val electricCar = Car(ElectricEngine()) val combustionCar = Car(CombustionEngine()) ... } Reuse Car

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? 🙋

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class CarTest { @Test fun `Car happy path`() { val car = Car(FakeEngine()) ... } @Test fun `Car with failing Engine`() { val car = Car(FakeFailingEngine()) ... } } Ease of Testing

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DI . Car Engine

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: (Service Locator) (DI) . (SL) , . Service Locator Car Engine

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class Car { private val engine: Engine = Engine() } fun main(args: Array) { val car = Car() car.start() } Car Engine Current

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class Car( private val engine: Engine ) { ... } fun main(args: Array) { val engine = Engine() val car = Car(engine) car.start() } Car Dependency Injection Engine

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class Car { private val engine: Engine = ServiceLocator.get() } object ServiceLocator { fun getEngine() : Engine = Engine() } fun main(args: Array) { val car = Car() car.start() } Service Locator Engine Car Service Locator

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(SL) (DI) : . . , . Singleton . , .

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? . Android Studio Dagger/Hilt . DI . DI , . Link: h tt ps://medium.com/androiddevelopers/dagger-navigation-suppo rt -in-android-studio-49aa5d149ec9

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(Manual DI) 2

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Before . , DB Activity , Singleton Activity . ExampleActivity Network Database

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ExampleViewModel Before ViewModel Singleton . ExampleActivity Network Database

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class ExampleViewModel : ViewModel() { fun doSomething() { Database.getSomething().subscribe(...) Network.getSomething().subscribe(...) } } object Database { ... } object Network { ... } Before

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Database Network . After: Manual DI ExampleActivity Network Database ExampleViewModel

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class ExampleViewModel( private val database: Database, private val network: Network, ) : ViewModel() { fun doSomething() { database.getSomething().subscribe(...) network.getSomething().subscribe(...) } } class Database { ... } class Network { ... } Manual DI

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class ExampleActivity: Activity() { private lateinit var viewModel: ExampleViewModel override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState) val database = Database() // Singleton੉ ইפ׮. val network = Network() // ૊, ݒߣ ࢤࢿػ׮. viewModel = ExampleViewModel(database, network) viewModel.doSomething() } } Manual DI

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class ExampleActivity: Activity() { private lateinit var viewModel: ExampleViewModel override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState) val database = Database() // Singleton੉ ইפ׮. val network = Network() // ૊, ݒߣ ࢤࢿػ׮. viewModel = ExampleViewModel(database, network) viewModel.doSomething() } } Manual DI

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Manual DI ViewModel Boilerplate , ExampleViewModel . . ExampleViewModel Database Network . . Database Network Singleton . , .

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class AppContainer { val database = Database() val network = Network() } class MyApplication : Application() { val appContainer = AppContainer() }

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class ExampleActivity: Activity() { private lateinit var viewModel: ExampleViewModel override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState) val appContainer = (application as MyApplication).appContainer viewModel = ExampleViewModel(appContainer.database, appContainer.network) viewModel.doSomething() } }

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Android . Example Activity Example ViewModel Network Database

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Android . Example Activity Example ViewModel Example Repository Example LocalDataSource Example RemoteDataSource Network Database

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class AppContainer { private val database = Database() private val network = Network() private val localDataSource = ExampleLocalDataSource(database) private val remoteDataSource = ExampleRemoteDataSource(network) val exampleRepository = ExampleRepository(localDataSource, remoteDataSource) } class MyApplication : Application() { val appContainer = AppContainer() }

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class ExampleActivity: Activity() { private lateinit var viewModel: ExampleViewModel override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState) val appContainer = (application as MyApplication).appContainer viewModel = ExampleViewModel(appContainer.exampleRepository) viewModel.doSomething() } }

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Singleton . Example Activity Example ViewModel Example Repository Example LocalDataSource Example RemoteDataSource Network Database Custom Scope

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// জࠁ׮ ੘਷ ߧਤ੄ ੄ઓࢿ ஶప੉ց class ExampleContainer(val exampleRepository: ExampleRepository) { val exampleData = ExampleData() val exampleViewModelFactory = ExampleViewModelFactory(exampleRepository) } class AppContainer { ... val exampleRepository = ExampleRepository(localDataSource, remoteDataSource) var exampleContainer: ExampleContainer? = null } : Custom Scope

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class ExampleActivity: Activity() { private lateinit var viewModel: ExampleViewModel private lateinit var appContainer: AppContainer private lateinit var data: ExampleData override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState) appContainer = (application as MyApplication).appContainer appContainer.exampleContainer = // ੄ઓࢿ ஶప੉ց ࢤࢿ ExampleContainer(appContainer.exampleRepository) viewModel = appContainer.exampleContainer.exampleViewModelFactory.create() data = appContainer.exampleContainer.exampleData } ... : Custom Scope

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class ExampleActivity: Activity() { private lateinit var viewModel: ExampleViewModel private lateinit var appContainer: AppContainer private lateinit var data: ExampleData ... override fun onDestroy() { appContainer.exampleContainer = null // ੄ઓࢿ ஶప੉ց ࢏ઁ super.onDestroy() } } } : Custom Scope

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DI . Android ߂ Java ਊ ੄ઓࢿ ઱ੑ ೐ۨ੐ਕ௼. ஹ౵ੌ ఋ੐ী ࣗझ௏٘ ࢤࢿ. Dependency Injection ಁఢ. https://github.com/google/dagger Dagger ӝ߈ Android ੄ઓࢿ ઱ੑ ೐ۨ੐ਕ௼. ؀ࠗ࠙੄ Dagger ࢚ਊҳ ઁѢ. Dependency Injection ಁఢ. https://github.com/google/dagger Dagger Hilt (Recommended) Dagger੄ ੄ઓࢿ ઱ੑਸ ؊ औѱ ݅٘ח Kotlin ஹ౵ੌ۞ ೒۞Ӓੋ. Dependency Injection ಁఢ. https://github.com/square/anvil Anvil Kotlin ҃۝ ੄ઓࢿ ઱ੑ ೐ۨ੐ਕ௼. ۠ఋ੐ী ੄ઓࢿ Ӓې೐ ҳࢿ. Service Locator ಁఢ. https://github.com/InsertKoinIO/koin Kotlin ਊ ੄ઓࢿ ઱ੑ ۄ੉࠳۞ܻ. ஹ౵ੌ ఋ੐ী ੄ઓࢿ Ӓې೐ ਬബࢿ Ѩࢎ. KSP, Kotlin Multiplatform ૑ਗ. https://github.com/evant/kotlin-inject Koin kotlin-inject …

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Dagger Hilt 3

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Dagger Hilt Android . Android , . (Application, Activity, Service, BroadcastReceiver, ViewModel) Dagger , . Jetpack Hilt .

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@Module @InstallIn(SingletonComponent::class) class EngineModule { @Provides // construct fun providesEngine(): Engine = Engine() } Engine @Provides ١ਸ ੉ਊೞৈ, ੄ઓࢿਸ ઁҕೡ ࣻ ੓׮.

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@Module @InstallIn(SingletonComponent::class) class EngineModule { @Provides // construct fun providesEngine(): Engine = Engine() } // Dependency Injection (Constructor Injection) class Car @Inject constructor( // use private val engine: Engine, ) Car Engine @Injectܳ ੉ਊೞৈ, ੄ઓࢿਸ ௿ېझ ࢤࢿ੗ী ઱ੑೡ ࣻ ੓׮.

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@Module @InstallIn(SingletonComponent::class) class EngineModule { @Provides fun providesEngine(): Engine = Engine() } // Dependency Injection (Constructor Injection) class Car @Inject constructor( // construct private val engine: Engine, ) @AndroidEntryPoint class ExampleActivity : ComponentActivity() { // Dependency Injection (Field Injection) @Inject // use lateinit var car: Car } Car ExampleActivity Engine Android ௿ېझח ࢤࢿ੗о ইצ, ೙٘ী ੄ઓࢿਸ ઱ੑೠ׮.

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@Module @InstallIn(SingletonComponent::class) class EngineModule { @Provides fun providesEngine(): Engine = Engine() } // Dependency Injection (Constructor Injection) class Car @Inject constructor( private val engine: Engine, ) @AndroidEntryPoint class ExampleActivity : ComponentActivity() { // Dependency Injection (Field Injection) @Inject lateinit var car: Car } = public @interface Module { ... } = public @interface InstallIn { ... } = public @interface Provides {} = public @interface Inject {} = public @interface AndroidEntryPoint { ... } = public @interface Inject {} Annotationਸ ӝ߈ਵ۽, ੄ઓࢿਸ ઱ੑೞח ௏٘ܳ ࢤࢿ೧ળ׮.

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Code generation Hilt Dagger . Dagger .

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// project’s root build.gradle buildscript { repositories { mavenCentral() } dependencies { classpath 'com.google.dagger:hilt-android-gradle-plugin:2.48' } } // module’s build.gradle apply plugin: 'com.google.dagger.hilt.android' Gradle Build Setup

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// module’s build.gradle dependencies { implementation 'com.google.dagger:hilt-android:2.48' // For Java annotationProcessor 'com.google.dagger:hilt-compiler:2.48' // For Kotlin kapt 'com.google.dagger:hilt-compiler:2.48' // or ksp 'com.google.dagger:hilt-compiler:2.48' } Gradle Build Setup

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Hilt Basics Dagger Hilt . @HiltAndroidApp @AndroidEntryPoint, @EntryPoint Components SingletonComponent, ViewModelComponent, ActivityComponent, ... Scopes @Singleton, @ViewModelScoped, @ActivityScoped, … Modules @Inject, @Module, @Provides, @Binds, @Quali fi er, …

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Hilt Application Hilt Application @HiltAndroidApp . , Hilt . @Inject , . @HiltAndroidApp class MyApplication : Application() { @Inject lateinit var data: ExampleData } MyApplication ExampleData

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Android Android @AndroidEntryPoint . @Inject , . @AndroidEntryPoint class ExampleActivity : ComponentActivity() { @Inject lateinit var data: ExampleData } ... ExampleActivity ExampleData

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@AndroidEntryPoint class ExampleFragment : Fragment() { ... } @AndroidEntryPoint class ExampleView @JvmOverloads constructor( context: Context, attrs: AttributeSet? = null, defStyleAttr: Int = 0, ) : View(context, attrs, defStyleAttr) { ... } @AndroidEntryPoint class ExampleService : Service() { ... } @AndroidEntryPoint class ExampleBroadcastReceiver : BroadcastReceiver() { ... }

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@AndroidEntryPoint // X class ExampleContentProvider : ContentProvider() { ... } // Activity, Fragment, View, Service, BroadcastReceiverо ইצ, // ׮ܲ Android ௿ېझীח @AndroidEntryPointܳ ࢎਊೡ ࣻ হ׮.

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Hilt @EntryPoint . Context Hilt . Hilt @EntryPoint @InstallIn(SingletonComponent::class) interface ExampleEntryPoint { fun foo(): Foo } val entryPoint = EntryPointAccessors.fromApplication( appContext, // Context ExampleEntryPoint::class.java, ) val foo = entryPoint.foo()

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val entryPoint = EntryPointAccessors.fromActivity( activity, // Activity ExampleEntryPoint::class.java, ) val entryPoint = EntryPointAccessors.fromFragment( fragment, // Fragment ExampleEntryPoint::class.java, ) val entryPoint = EntryPointAccessors.fromView( view, // View ExampleEntryPoint::class.java, )

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Hilt Bindings Android , . @Inject , . @Singleton class ExampleRepository @Inject constructor( private val local: ExampleLocalDataSource, private val remote: ExampleRemoteDataSource, ) { ... } ExampleRepository

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. Hilt Module Binding . @Module @InstallIn(SingletonComponent::class) class AppModule { @Singleton @Provides fun providesExampleRepository(...): ExampleRepository { return ExampleRepositoryImpl(...) } } Hilt Modules

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@Module @InstallIn(SingletonComponent::class) class AppModule { @Singleton @Provides fun providesExampleRepository( local: ExampleLocalDataSource, remote: ExampleRemoteDataSource, ): ExampleRepository { return ExampleRepository(local, remote) } } Hilt Modules: @Provides ExampleRepository

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interface ExampleRepository @Singleton class ExampleRepositoryImpl @Inject constructor(...) : ExampleRepository { ... } @Module @InstallIn(SingletonComponent::class) interface AppModule { @Binds fun bindsExampleRepository( impl: ExampleRepositoryImpl, ): ExampleRepository } Hilt Modules: @Binds ExampleRepositoryImpl ExampleRepository

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, . ( ) Binding @Qualifier . @Module @InstallIn(SingletonComponent::class) object DispatchersModule { @Provides fun providesDefaultDispatcher(): CoroutineDispatcher = Dispatchers.Default = @Provides fun providesIoDispatcher(): CoroutineDispatcher = Dispatchers.IO } Hilt Modules: @Qualifier

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@Qualifier @Retention(AnnotationRetention.BINARY) annotation class DefaultDispatcher @Qualifier @Retention(AnnotationRetention.BINARY) annotation class IoDispatcher Hilt Modules: @Qualifier

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@Qualifier @Retention(AnnotationRetention.BINARY) annotation class DefaultDispatcher // key @Qualifier @Retention(AnnotationRetention.BINARY) annotation class IoDispatcher // key Hilt Modules: @Qualifier

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@Module @InstallIn(SingletonComponent::class) object DispatchersModule { @DefaultDispatcher @Provides fun providesMainDispatcher(): CoroutineDispatcher = Dispatchers.Default @IoDispatcher @Provides fun providesIoDispatcher(): CoroutineDispatcher = Dispatchers.IO } Hilt Modules: @Qualifier

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class ExampleUseCase @Inject constructor( @DefaultDispatcher defaultDispatcher: CoroutineDispatcher, ) { ... } @Module @InstallIn(SingletonComponent::class) object AppModule { @Provides fun providesExampleRepository( @IoDispatcher ioDispatcher: CoroutineDispatcher, ): ExampleRepository { ... } } Hilt Modules: @Qualifier

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Hilt Modules: Predefined @Qualifier Hilt @Qualifier . (@ApplicationContext, @ActivityContext) Context . class ExampleRepository @Inject constructor( @ApplicationContext private val appContext: Context, ) { ... } class AnalyticsAdapter @Inject constructor( @ActivityContext private val activityContext: Context, ) { ... }

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@Module @Provides @Binds @Inject @AndroidEntryPoint @EntryPoint @HiltAndroidApp Overview @Qualifier

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Component . Scope Annotation . Component / Scope

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@InstallIn , @Module Component . @Module @InstallIn(SingletonComponent::class) object ExampleModule { @Provides fun providesBar(foo: Foo): Bar = BarImpl(foo) @Singleton @Provides fun providesFoo(): Foo = FooImpl() } Component

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Scope Annotation , Component . @Module @InstallIn(SingletonComponent::class) object ExampleModule { // unscoped @Provides fun providesBar(foo: Foo): Bar = BarImpl(foo) @Singleton @Provides fun providesFoo(): Foo = FooImpl() } Scope

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Component , . Component hierarchy

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Component hierarchy @Module @InstallIn(SingletonComponent::class) object AppModule { @Provides fun providesFoo(): Foo = FooImpl() } @Module @InstallIn(ActivityComponent::class) object ActivityModule { @Provides fun providesBar(foo: Foo): Bar = BarImpl(foo) }

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Component hierarchy @Module @InstallIn(SingletonComponent::class) object AppModule { @Provides fun providesBaz(bar: Bar): Baz = BazImpl(bar) } @Module @InstallIn(ActivityComponent::class) object ActivityModule { @Provides fun providesBar(foo: Foo): Bar = BarImpl(foo) }

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SingletonComponent Overview @Module Foo ActivityRetainedComponent Bar ActivityComponent @Module Baz

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Jetpack Hilt Jetpack . @EntryPoint . ViewModel WorkManager Navigation

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ViewModel @HiltViewModel . , . @HiltViewModel class ExampleViewModel @Inject constructor( private val repository: ExampleRepository, ) : ViewModel() { ... } @AndroidEntryPoint class ExampleActivity : Activity() { private val exampleViewModel: ExampleViewModel by viewModels() } Jetpack : ViewModel

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@HiltWorker, @AssistedInject , Worker . @Assisted . @HiltWorker class ExampleWorker @AssistedInject constructor( @Assisted appContext: Context, @Assisted workerParams: WorkerParameters, private val repository: ExampleRepository, ) : Worker(appContext, workerParams) { ... } Jetpack : WorkManager

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// ۄ੉࠳۞ܻܳ ୶о ࢸ஖೧ঠ ೠ׮. dependencies { implementation 'androidx.hilt:hilt-work:1.0.0' kapt 'androidx.hilt:hilt-compiler:1.0.0' } // HiltWorkerFactory۽ WorkManagerܳ ୡӝച೧ঠ ೠ׮. @HiltAndroidApp class ExampleApplication : Application(), Configuration.Provider { @Inject lateinit var workerFactory: HiltWorkerFactory override fun getWorkManagerConfiguration() = Configuration.Builder() .setWorkerFactory(workerFactory) .build() }

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Dagger Hilt Hilt . @HiltAndroidApp class ExampleApplication : Application() { @Inject lateinit var bar: Bar } @Module @InstallIn(SingletonComponent::class) object FooModule { @Provides fun provideBar(): Bar = Bar() }

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Dagger Hilt Bar ExampleApplication DaggerExampleApplication_HiltComponents_SingletonC FooModule ੄ઓࢿ ஶప੉ց

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Dagger Hilt (1) . @HiltAndroidApp class ExampleApplication : Application() { @Inject lateinit var bar: Bar } @Module @InstallIn(SingletonComponent::class) object FooModule { @Provides fun provideBar(): Bar = Bar() }

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@HiltAndroidApp class ExampleApplication : Application() // -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- // Generated by Hilt public final class ExampleApplication_HiltComponents { @Component(modules = { ActivityRetainedCBuilderModule.class, ... }) @Singleton public abstract static class SingletonC implements SingletonComponent { } ... } // -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- // Generated by Dagger public final class DaggerExampleApplication_HiltComponents_SingletonC { // ੄ઓࢿ ஶప੉ց private static final class SingletonCImpl extends ExampleApplication_HiltComponents.SingletonC { public void injectExampleApplication(ExampleApplication exampleApplication) {} } ... } @HiltAndroidApp - ੄ઓࢿ ஶప੉ցܳ ࢤࢿೠ׮.

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Dagger Hilt (2) . @HiltAndroidApp class ExampleApplication : Application() { @Inject lateinit var bar: Bar } @Module @InstallIn(SingletonComponent::class) object FooModule { @Provides fun provideBar(): Bar = Bar() }

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ࢶ঱ೠ Componentী Module੉ ୶оػ׮. @Module @InstallIn(SingletonComponent::class) object FooModule { @Provides fun provideBar(): Bar = Bar() } // -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- public final class ExampleApplication_HiltComponents { @Component( modules = { ApplicationContextModule.class, ActivityRetainedCBuilderModule.class, FooModule.class, } ) @Singleton public abstract static class SingletonC implements HiltWrapper_ActivityRetainedComponentManager_ActivityRetainedComponentBuilderEntryPoint, SingletonComponent, GeneratedComponent { } }

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@Provides݃׮ ੄ઓࢿਸ ઁҕೞח Factory ௿ېझо ࢤࢿػ׮. @Module @InstallIn(SingletonComponent::class) object FooModule { @Provides fun provideBar(): Bar = Bar() } // -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- public final class FooModule_ProvideBarFactory implements Factory { public static Bar provideBar() { return Preconditions.checkNotNullFromProvides(FooModule.INSTANCE.provideBar()); } }

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Dagger Hilt (3) . @HiltAndroidApp class ExampleApplication : Application() { @Inject lateinit var bar: Bar } @Module @InstallIn(SingletonComponent::class) object FooModule { @Provides fun provideBar(): Bar = Bar() } Hilt_ExampleApplication.java ExampleApplication_GeneratedInjector.java ExampleApplication_MembersInjector.java

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@HiltAndroidApp class ExampleApplication : Application() { @Inject lateinit var bar: Bar } = @HiltAndroidApp class ExampleApplication : Hilt_ExampleApplication() { @Inject lateinit var bar: Bar } ߄੉౟௏٘ܳ ߸ജೞৈ, ࠗݽ ௿ېझܳ ߸҃ೠ׮.

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Hilt_ExampleApplication.java public abstract class Hilt_ExampleApplication extends Application { private boolean injected = false; @CallSuper @Override public void onCreate() { if (!injected) { injected = true; ((ExampleApplication_GeneratedInjector) componentManager.generatedComponent()) .injectExampleApplication(this); } super.onCreate(); } private final ApplicationComponentManager componentManager = new ApplicationComponentManager( () -> DaggerExampleApplication_HiltComponents_SingletonC.builder() .applicationContextModule(new ApplicationContextModule(Hilt_ExampleApplication.this)) .build()); } Injector۽ SingletonCী ੽Ӕೞৈ, ੄ઓࢿ ઱ੑਸ ਃ୒ೠ׮.

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ExampleApplication_GeneratedInjector.java @GeneratedEntryPoint @InstallIn(SingletonComponent.class) public interface ExampleApplication_GeneratedInjector { void injectExampleApplication(ExampleApplication exampleApplication); } // -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- public final class ExampleApplication_HiltComponents { @Component(modules = { ... }) @Singleton public abstract static class SingletonC implements HiltWrapper_ActivityRetainedComponentManager_ActivityRetainedComponentBuilderEntryPoint, SingletonComponent, GeneratedComponent, ExampleApplication_GeneratedInjector { } } // -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- public final class DaggerExampleApplication_HiltComponents_SingletonC { private static final class SingletonCImpl extends SingletonC { public void injectExampleApplication(ExampleApplication instance) { } }

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ExampleApplication_MembersInjector.java @HiltAndroidApp class ExampleApplication : Application() { @Inject lateinit var bar: Bar } // -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- public final class ExampleApplication_MembersInjector implements MembersInjector { public static void injectBar(ExampleApplication instance, Bar bar) { instance.bar = bar; } } // -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- public final class DaggerExampleApplication_HiltComponents_SingletonC { private static final class SingletonCImpl extends SingletonC { public void injectExampleApplication(ExampleApplication instance) { ExampleApplication_MembersInjector.injectBar( instance, FooModule_ProvideBarFactory.provideBar()); } } ࢤࢿػ Injector ௿ېझܳ ా೧, উ٘۽੉٘ ௿ېझী ੄ઓࢿ੉ ઱ੑػ׮.

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Dagger Hilt DaggerExampleApplication_HiltComponents_SingletonC SingletonCImpl FooModule_ProvideBarFactory ExampleApplication_MemeberInjector ExampleApplication Hilt_ExampleApplication Bar ExampleApplication_GeneratedInjector ApplicationComponentManager

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Dagger Hilt Dagger Hilt . ( ) Link: h tt ps://speakerdeck.com/fornewid, h tt ps://youtu.be/iE_2llWUI6A

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Dagger Hilt 4

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Component Component , . SingletonComponent (1) ActivityRetainedComponent ActivityComponent FragmentComponent (3) (2)

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Before class ExampleActivity : ComponentActivity() { private val bar = Bar() bar.doSomething() }

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@AndroidEntryPoint class ExampleActivity : ComponentActivity() { @Inject lateinit var bar: Bar bar.doSomething() } @Module @InstallIn(SingletonComponent::class) object BarModule { @Provides fun provideBar(): Bar = Bar() }

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: Singleton Singleton . object SingletonBar { fun doSomething() { ... } } ... SingletonBar.doSomething()

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Before class ExampleActivity : ComponentActivity() { SingletonBar.doSomething() }

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, Singleton @AndroidEntryPoint class ExampleActivity : ComponentActivity() { @Inject lateinit var singletonBar: SingletonBar singletonBar.doSomething() } @Module @InstallIn(SingletonComponent::class) object BarModule { @Provides fun provideBar(): SingletonBar = SingletonBar }

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interface-impl , Singleton interface SingletonBar { fun doSomething() } @Deprecated object SingletonBarImpl : SingletonBar { override fun doSomething() { ... } } @Module @InstallIn(SingletonComponent::class) object BarModule { @Provides fun provideBar(): SingletonBar = SingletonBarImpl }

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Hilt , Singleton interface SingletonBar { fun doSomething() } @Singleton class SingletonBarImpl @Inject constructor() : SingletonBar { override fun doSomething() { ... } } @Module @InstallIn(SingletonComponent::class) interface BarModule { @Binds fun bindBar(impl: SingletonBarImpl): SingletonBar }

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: Singleton + Context Singleton Context . class SingletonBar private constructor(private val context: Context) { fun doSomething() { ... } companion object { private lateinit var instance: SingletonBar fun initialize(context: Context) { instance = SingletonBar(context.applicationContext) } fun getInstance(): SingletonBar = instance } }

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Before class ExampleApplication : Application() { override fun onCreate() { super.onCreate() SingletonBar.initialize(this) } } class ExampleActivity : ComponentActivity() { override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState) SingletonBar.getInstance().doSomething() } }

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, Singleton @Module @InstallIn(SingletonComponent::class) object BarModule { @Provides fun provideBar(): SingletonBar = SingletonBar.getInstance() } @AndroidEntryPoint class ExampleActivity : ComponentActivity() { @Inject lateinit var singletonBar: SingletonBar override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState) singletonBar.doSomething() } }

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interface-impl , Singleton @Module @InstallIn(SingletonComponent::class) object BarModule { @Provides fun provideBar(): SingletonBar = SingletonBarImpl.getInstance() } interface SingletonBar { fun doSomething() } class SingletonBarImpl private constructor( context: Context ) : SingletonBar { ... }

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Hilt , Singleton @Module @InstallIn(SingletonComponent::class) interface BarModule { @Binds fun bindBar(impl: SingletonBarImpl): SingletonBar } interface SingletonBar { fun doSomething() } @Singleton class SingletonBarImpl @Inject constructor( @ApplicationContext context: Context ) : SingletonBar { ... }

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: Singleton + Singleton Singleton . class SingletonBar private constructor(...) { fun doSomething() { SingletonFoo.doSomething() } } class SingletonFoo private constructor(...) { fun doSomething() { ... } }

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Before class ExampleActivity : ComponentActivity() { override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState) SingletonBar.getInstance().doSomething() } } class SingletonBar private constructor(...) { fun doSomething() { SingletonFoo.getInstance().doSomething() } } class SingletonFoo private constructor(...) { fun doSomething() { ... } }

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Before class SingletonBar private constructor(private val context: Context) { fun doSomething() { SingletonFoo.getInstance().doSomething() } } class SingletonFoo private constructor( private val context: Context ) { fun doSomething() { ... } }

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After class SingletonBar private constructor(private val context: Context) { private val singletonFoo: SingletonFoo fun doSomething() { singletonFoo.doSomething() } } @Singleton class SingletonFoo @Inject constructor( @ApplicationContext private val context: Context ) { fun doSomething() { ... } }

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After class SingletonBar private constructor(private val context: Context) { private val singletonFoo: SingletonFoo init { val entryPoint = EntryPointAccessors.fromApplication( context.applicationContext, SingletonBarEntryPoint::class.java ) singletonFoo = entryPoint.provideFoo() } } @EntryPoint @InstallIn(SingletonComponent::class) interface SingletonBarEntryPoint { fun provideFoo(): SingletonFoo }

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Final @Singleton class SingletonBar @Inject constructor( private val context: Context, private val singletonFoo: SingletonFoo, ) { fun doSomething() { singletonFoo.doSomething() } }

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Depth . @AndroidEntryPoint class ExampleActivity : ComponentActivity() { @Inject lateinit var singletonBar: SingletonBar fun doSomething() { singletonBar.doSomething() } } (3) (1) (2) app start

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: Component Component Component @AndroidEntryPoint . , Fragment Hilt Fragment Activity @AndroidEntryPoint . @AndroidEntryPoint class ExampleActivity : ComponentActivity() { ... } @AndroidEntryPoint class ExampleFragment : Fragment() { ... } ExampleActivity ExampleFragment @inject

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ViewModel @HiltViewModel class ExampleViewModel @Inject constructor( private val singletonBar: SingletonBar, ) : ViewModel() { ... } @AndroidEntryPoint class ExampleActivity : ComponentActivity() { private val viewModel: ExampleViewModel by viewModels() } class ExampleFragment : ComponentActivity() { }

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ViewModel @HiltViewModel class ExampleViewModel @Inject constructor( private val singletonBar: SingletonBar, ) : ViewModel() { ... } @AndroidEntryPoint class ExampleActivity : ComponentActivity() { // private val viewModel: ExampleViewModel by viewModels() } @AndroidEntryPoint class ExampleFragment : ComponentActivity() { private val viewModel: ExampleViewModel by viewModels() }

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ViewModel @HiltViewModel class ExampleViewModel @Inject constructor( private val singletonBar: SingletonBar, ) : ViewModel() { ... } @AndroidEntryPoint class ExampleActivity : ComponentActivity() { ... } class ExampleFragment : ComponentActivity() { private val viewModel: ExampleViewModel by activityViewModels() }

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: Base Base , @AndroidEntryPoint . class BaseActivity : ComponentActivity() { @Inject lateinit var bar: Bar } @AndroidEntryPoint class ExampleActivity : BaseActivity() { ... }

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, ? 🤔

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#1: @AndroidEntryPoint . , . @AndroidEntryPoint class ExampleActivity : AppCompatActivity() { @Inject lateinit var bar: Bar override fun attachBaseContext(base: Context) { super.attachBaseContext(bar.newContext(base)) } } Link: h tt ps://stackove rf low.com/a/64162926

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#2: Generic Base Generic , . @AndroidEntryPoint class ExampleActivity : BaseActivity() { ... } Link: h tt ps://github.com/google/dagger/issues/3370

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Dagger Hilt 5 ⚠ : = Gradle Module / @Module = Dagger Module

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App Modularization , . :app:android :feature:home :data:books :feature:reviews :feature:player :app:auto :core:network :data:reviews

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App Modularization: @Module Hilt Module , . :app:android :feature:home :data:books :feature:reviews :feature:player :app:auto :core:network :data:reviews @Module @Module @Module

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App Modularization: @Module @HiltAndroidApp Hilt Module . :app:android :feature:home :data:books :core:network @Module @InstallIn(SingletonComponent::class) object FeatureHomeModule { ... } @Module @InstallIn(SingletonComponent::class) object DataBooksModule { ... } @Module @InstallIn(SingletonComponent::class) object CoreNetworkModule { ... } @HiltAndroidApp class MyApp : Application()

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Without Classpath Aggregation @Module . hilt_metadata :app:android :feature:home :data:books :core:network implementation implementation api @Metadata @Metadata @InstallIn @InstallIn @InstallIn @Generated("dagger.hilt") interface MyApp_HiltComponents { @Component(modules = [ FeatureHomeModule::class, DataBooksModule::class, ... ]) interface SingletonC } CoreNetworkModule::class, Link: h tt ps://medium.com/androiddevelopers/mad-skills-series-hilt-under-the-hood-9d89ee227059

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With Classpath Aggregation Classpath Aggregation , . hilt_metadata :app:android :feature:home :data:books :core:network implementation implementation api @Metadata @Metadata @Metadata @InstallIn @InstallIn @InstallIn @Generated("dagger.hilt") interface MyApp_HiltComponents { @Component(modules = [ FeatureHomeModule::class, DataBooksModule::class, ... ]) interface SingletonC } CoreNetworkModule::class, Link: h tt ps://medium.com/androiddevelopers/mad-skills-series-hilt-under-the-hood-9d89ee227059

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App Architecture . UI Layer Domain Layer Data Layer

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App Architecture . :ui :domain :data implementation implementation

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App Architecture Hilt , . :data class ExampleUseCase @Inject constructor( private val repository: ExampleRepository ) { ... } :ui :domain class ExampleRepository @Inject constructor( ) { ... }

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App Architecture: interface, class , :domain :data class ExampleUseCase @Inject constructor( private val repository: ExampleRepository ) { ... } class ExampleRepository @Inject constructor( ) { ... }

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App Architecture: interface, class interface class , . :domain :data interface ExampleRepository class ExampleRepositoryImpl @Inject constructor( ) : ExampleRepository { ... } @Module @InstallIn(SingletonComponent::class) interface DataModule { @Binds fun bindRepository( impl: ExampleRepositoryImpl ) : ExampleRepository } class ExampleUseCase @Inject constructor( private val repository: ExampleRepository ) { ... }

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App Architecture: internal , internal . :domain :data interface ExampleRepository internal class ExampleRepositoryImpl @Inject constructor( ) : ExampleRepository { ... } @Module @InstallIn(SingletonComponent::class) internal interface DataModule { @Binds fun bindRepository( impl: ExampleRepositoryImpl ) : ExampleRepository } class ExampleUseCase @Inject constructor( private val repository: ExampleRepository ) { ... }

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internal @Module , HiltWrapper internal @Module @OriginatingElement(topLevelClass = DataModule.class) @InstallIn(SingletonComponent.class) @Module(includes = DataModule.class) public final class HiltWrapper_DataModule {} @Module @InstallIn(SingletonComponent::class) internal interface DataModule { @Binds fun bindRepository(impl: ExampleRepositoryImpl) : ExampleRepository }

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internal @Module ؀न Componentী ୶о೧ળ׮. Ӓ۞ա… public final class ExampleApplication_HiltComponents { @Component( modules = { ApplicationContextModule.class, ActivityRetainedCBuilderModule.class, HiltWrapper_DataModule.class, } ) @Singleton public abstract static class SingletonC implements HiltWrapper_ActivityRetainedComponentManager_ActivityRetainedComponentBuilderEntryPoint, SingletonComponent, GeneratedComponent { } }

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App Architecture: internal internal . ( ) = . ( ) =

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App Architecture: interface class . :domain-qux :domain-bar-api :domain-baz :domain-bar-impl interface Bar class BarImpl(foo: Foo) : Bar interface Qux class QuxImpl(bar: Bar) : Qux interface Baz class BazImpl(bar: Bar) : Baz

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App Architecture: @Module . :domain-qux :domain-bar-api :domain-baz :domain-bar-impl interface Bar class BarImpl(foo: Foo) : Bar -> interface Qux class QuxImpl(bar: Bar) : Qux @Module interface Baz class BazImpl(bar: Bar) : Baz

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App Architecture: (DIP) . :domain-qux-impl :domain-baz-impl :domain-bar-impl :domain-foo-impl class BazImpl(bar: Bar) : Baz class BarImpl(foo: Foo) : Bar class FooImpl() : Foo class QuxImpl(baz: Baz) : Qux :domain-qux-api :domain-baz-api :domain-bar-api :domain-foo-api interface Baz interface Bar interface Foo interface Qux Link: h tt ps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependency_inversion_principle

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App Modularization: Final! . :app:android :feature:home-api :data:books-api :data:books-impl :app:android :feature:home :data:books :feature:home-impl Before After implementation implementation

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App Modularization: Final! (+ runtimeOnly) , . :app:android :feature:home-api :data:books-api :data:books-impl runtimeOnly :app:android :feature:home :data:books :feature:home-impl runtimeOnly Before After

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, . , DI . Dagger Hilt . Component, Scope, Module, @Inject, @AndroidEntryPoint, … . Dagger Hilt , .

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@Module @Provides @Binds @Inject @AndroidEntryPoint @EntryPoint @HiltAndroidApp @Qualifier

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SingletonComponent @Module Foo ActivityRetainedComponent Bar ActivityComponent @Module Baz

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!