Trait とは? その使い道を考えてみる

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Trait ͱ͸? ͦͷ࢖͍ಓΛߟ͑ͯΈΔ ౻ଜ ୓໵ @tlync 12೥8݄9೔໦༵೔

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ࣗݾ঺հ 12೥8݄9೔໦༵೔

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ࣗݾ঺հ • ౻ଜ ୓໵@tlync • ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ։ൃୈೋ • ࠷ۙͷؔ৺ࣄ • Scala, Agile(Project Mgt.) • PHP ͸ੜ͖Δҝʹ΍͍ͬͯ·͢ 12೥8݄9೔໦༵೔

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※ ͪͳΈʹ࢒೦ͳ͕Β? PHP ͷ Trait ͷ͓࿩͠Ͱ͢ 12೥8݄9೔໦༵೔

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Trait Λ஌ͬͯΔਓ? 12೥8݄9೔໦༵೔

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Trait Λઆ໌Ͱ͖Δਓ? 12೥8݄9೔໦༵೔

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USBJUUSÉJUcUSÉJ ໊ɹࢺ⽣ܗࣜత⽤ ʢੑ֨श׳ͷʣಛ௃ ಛ৭ ಛ࣭ BENJSBCMFUSBJUTMJLFIPOFTUZBOEDPVSBHFʛ੣࣮͞΍༐ؾͱ ͍ͬͨ͢͹Β͍͠ಛ࣭ "NFSJDBOUSBJUTʛถࠃࠃຽੑ ⽣ر༻ޠ⽤ʢϖϯԖචͳͲͷʣҰච ච࢖͍ʀʢੑ࣭ͳͲ ͷʣؾຯ ؾ഑⽣PG⽤ BUSBJUPGTBEOFTTʛҰ·ͭͷ൵ѩ 12೥8݄9೔໦༵೔

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ಛ௃ ಛ৭ ಛ࣭ 12೥8݄9೔໦༵೔

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Trait ͱ͸? • ϝιουͱϓϩύςΟͷू߹ • ୯Ұܧঝͷ੍໿Λܰݮ͢Δ • ܧঝؔ܎ͱ͸ؔ܎ͳ͘ɺڞ௨ͷಛੑɺ ৼ෣͍Λ࠶ར༻(ਫฏల։)Ͱ͖Δ • ͦΕࣗମͰ͸ΠϯελϯεԽͰ͖ͳ͍ 12೥8݄9೔໦༵೔

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ܧঝؔ܎ͱؔ܎ͳ͘ ࣮૷ Λ ࠶ར༻ Ͱ͖Δ࢓૊Έ 12೥8݄9೔໦༵೔

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PHP 5.4 <= 12೥8݄9೔໦༵೔

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ଞݴޠͰͷྨࣅͷػߏ • Scala … trait • Perl 6 … role • Ruby … Mix-in ※ಉ༷ͷ֓೦͕ͩ࢓༷͸ඍົʹҟͳΔɻ ܕ৘ใΛ͔࣋ͭ(is_aΛύε͢Δ͔)ͱ͔ɻ 12೥8݄9೔໦༵೔

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؆୯ͳαϯϓϧ 12೥8݄9೔໦༵೔

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trait Engine { public function startEngine() { echo 'BRRRM!'; } } class Car { use Engine; } (new Car)->startEngine(); // BRRRM! 12೥8݄9೔໦༵೔

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͜Ε͸ܧঝͰ΋ Ͱ͖ͳ͘͸ͳ͍ 12೥8݄9೔໦༵೔

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Ͱ͸ɺ͜Ε͸? 12೥8݄9೔໦༵೔

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class Vehicle { protected function startEngine() { echo '⚡'; } } class Plane extends Vehicle { public function fly() { echo '✈'; } } class Boat extends Vehicle { public function sail() { echo '⚓'; } } 12೥8݄9೔໦༵೔

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class SeaPlane extends ??? { // Ϙʔτͯ͠૸Β͍ͤͨ͠ɺඈߦػ ͱͯ͠ඈ͹͍ͨ͠ɻͲ͏͢Ε͹… } 12೥8݄9೔໦༵೔

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startEngine() Vehicle sail() Boat ﬂy() Plane sail() ﬂy() SeaPlane ??? 12೥8݄9೔໦༵೔

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ଟॏܧঝ͸Ͱ͖ͳ͍ 12೥8݄9೔໦༵೔

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ҕৡ(Composition) ? 12೥8݄9೔໦༵೔

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interface Plane { public function fly(); } interface Boat { public function sail(); } 12೥8݄9೔໦༵೔

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class SimplePlane extends Vehicle implements Plane { public function fly() { echo '✈'; } } class SimpleBoat extends Vehicle implements Boat { public function sail() { echo '⚓'; } } 12೥8݄9೔໦༵೔

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class SeaPlane extends Vehicle implements Plane, Boat { private $boat; private $plane; public function __constract() { $this->boat = new SimpleBoat(); $this->plane = new SimplePlane(); } public function sail() { return $this->boat->sail(); } public function fly() { return $this->plane->fly(); } } $seaPlane = new SeaPlane(); $seaPlane->sail(); // ! $seaPlane->fly(); // ✈ 12೥8݄9೔໦༵೔

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ܗࣜతͳهड़͕ଟ͍ ΍΍໘౗ 12೥8݄9೔໦༵೔

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Trait Ͱ ࣮૷ͷڞ༗Λͯ͠ΈΔ 12೥8݄9೔໦༵೔

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// ໋໊͸ͪΐͬͱඍົ trait FlyEngine { public function fly() { echo '✈'; } } trait FloatEngine { public function sail() { echo '⚓'; } } class SeaPlane implements Plane, Boat // ܕͷܧঝ { use FloatEngine, FlyEngine; // ࣮૷ͷܧঝ } $seaPlane = new SeaPlane(); $seaPlane->sail(); // ! $seaPlane->fly(); // ✈ 12೥8݄9೔໦༵೔

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هड़͸͖ͬ͢Γ ࣮૷ͷڞ༗͕Ͱ͖ͨ 12೥8݄9೔໦༵೔

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startEngine() Vehicle sail() Boat fly() Plane sail() fly() SeaPlane sail() BoatEngine fly() FlyEngine sail() BoatEngine fly() FlyEngine 12೥8݄9೔໦༵೔

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ܕͷอূ … Interface ࣮૷ͷ࠶ར༻ … trait ※ ஫: Scala, Ruby ͳͲͰ͸·ͨͪΐͬͱҧ͏Α! 12೥8݄9೔໦༵೔

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Trait ͸ ܧঝπϦʔʹؔ܎ͳ͘ ࣮૷ͷ࠶ར༻Λߦ͏͚ͩ 12೥8݄9೔໦༵೔

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Ͱɺ࣮ࡍͲ͏࢖͏ͱศརͳͷ͔? 12೥8݄9೔໦༵೔

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1. ந৅ΫϥεΛ࡞Δલʹ Trait ͷݕ౼ 12೥8݄9೔໦༵೔

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ந৅Ϋϥεͷओͳཧ༝͸ ίʔυͷ࠶ར༻(ଟ෼) 12೥8݄9೔໦༵೔

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Trait ͕ར༻Ͱ͖ͳ͍͔ݕ౼͢Δ 12೥8݄9೔໦༵೔

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※Trait த2පʹ͸஫ҙ͠·͠ΐ͏ 12೥8݄9೔໦༵೔

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2. Entity ͷৼ෣͍ͷڞ༗ 12೥8݄9೔໦༵೔

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Entity ͷৼ෣͍ • λΠϜελϯϓ؅ཧ • มߋͷτϨʔε • ιϑτσϦʔτՄೳ͔ • ͳͲ… 12೥8݄9೔໦༵೔

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trait Timestampable { private $createdAt; private $updatedAt; ... getter, setter /** * Updates createdAt and updatedAt timestamps. */ public function updateTimestamps() { if (null === $this->createdAt) { $this->createdAt = new \DateTime('now'); } $this->updatedAt = new \DateTime('now'); } } 12೥8݄9೔໦༵೔

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/** * ঎඼ΤϯςΟςΟ */ class Product { use Timestampable, // λΠϜελϯϓΛࣗಈͰ SoftDeletable, // ιϑτσϦʔτՄೳʹ Activatable; // ׆ੑɺඇ׆ੑΛՄೳʹ private $name; // ຊ࣭తͳϩδοΫ } 12೥8݄9೔໦༵೔