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Evolution of the Netflix API Ben Christensen Software Engineer – Edge & Playback Services at Netflix @benjchristensen ! ! ! ! http://techblog.netflix.com/ QCon San Francisco - November 2013

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More than 40 million Subscribers in 50+ Countries and Territories

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Netflix accounts for 33% of Peak Downstream Internet Traffic in North America Netflix subscribers are watching more than 1 billion hours a month

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API traffic has grown from ~20 million/day in 2010 to >2 billion/day 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2010 2011 2012 Today millions of API requests per day

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Discovery Streaming

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Netflix API Streaming

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At the start … 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Today millions of API requests per day

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2008 API Launch Targeted 100% at External Developers Open API Netflix Devices

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2008 API Launch Targeted 100% at External Developers Purpose A “Thousand Flowers” of 3rd party innovation ! Audience External Developers

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Oracle Pre-Cloud Architecture API Service Service Service Service

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0 500 1000 1500 2000 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Today In 2011 … millions of API requests per day

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99.9% Netflix Devices Open API Netflix Devices

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Targeted at Internal Developers Open API Netflix Devices

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Targeted at Internal Developers Purpose Enable Netflix Experience ! Audience Netflix Device and UI Teams

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Scale & Resilience ! Performance & Innovation

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Scale & Resilience ! Performance & Innovation

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Netflix API Dependency A Dependency D Dependency G Dependency J Dependency M Dependency P Dependency B Dependency E Dependency H Dependency K Dependency N Dependency Q Dependency C Dependency F Dependency I Dependency L Dependency O Dependency R

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Netflix API Dependency A Dependency D Dependency G Dependency J Dependency M Dependency P Dependency B Dependency E Dependency H Dependency K Dependency N Dependency Q Dependency C Dependency F Dependency I Dependency L Dependency O Dependency R

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AWS Availability Zone AWS Availability Zone AWS Availability Zone

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User Request Dependency A Dependency D Dependency G Dependency J Dependency M Dependency P Dependency B Dependency E Dependency H Dependency K Dependency N Dependency Q Dependency C Dependency F Dependency I Dependency L Dependency O Dependency R

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User Request Dependency A Dependency D Dependency G Dependency J Dependency M Dependency P Dependency B Dependency E Dependency H Dependency K Dependency N Dependency Q Dependency C Dependency F Dependency I Dependency L Dependency O Dependency R User request blocked by latency in single network call

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At high volume all request threads can block in seconds User Request Dependency A Dependency D Dependency G Dependency J Dependency M Dependency P Dependency B Dependency E Dependency H Dependency K Dependency N Dependency Q Dependency C Dependency F Dependency I Dependency L Dependency O Dependency R User Request User Request User Request User Request User Request User Request . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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! Dozens of dependencies. ! One going bad takes everything down. ! 99.99%30 = 99.7% uptime ! 0.3% of 1 billion = 3,000,000 failures ! 2+ hours downtime/month ! ! ! Reality is generally worse.

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CONSTRAINTS Speed of Iteration ! Client Libraries ! Mixed Environment

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CONSTRAINTS Speed of Iteration ! Client Libraries ! Mixed Environment

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CONSTRAINTS Speed of Iteration ! Client Libraries ! Mixed Environment

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CONSTRAINTS Speed of Iteration ! Client Libraries ! Mixed Environment

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User Request Dependency A Dependency D Dependency G Dependency J Dependency M Dependency P Dependency B Dependency E Dependency H Dependency K Dependency N Dependency Q Dependency C Dependency F Dependency I Dependency L Dependency O Dependency R User Request User Request User Request User Request User Request User Request . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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cy D dency G ependency J Dependency M Dependency B Dependency E Dependency H Dependency K Dependency N Dependency C Dependency F Dependency I Dependency L Dependency O User Request User Request User Request . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Network Request - TCP/HTTP, latency, 4xx, 5xx, etc Deserialization - JSON/XML/Thrift/Protobuf/etc Logic - argument validation, caches, metrics, logging, multivariate testing, routing, etc Serialization - URL and/or body generation Logic - validation, decoration, object model, caching, metrics, logging, etc

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"Timeout guard" daemon prio=10 tid=0x00002aaacd5e5000 nid=0x3aac runnable [0x00002aaac388f000] java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE! at java.net.PlainSocketImpl.socketConnect(Native Method)! at java.net.AbstractPlainSocketImpl.doConnect(AbstractPlainSocketImpl.java:339)! - locked <0x000000055c7e8bd8> (a java.net.SocksSocketImpl)! at java.net.AbstractPlainSocketImpl.connectToAddress(AbstractPlainSocketImpl.java:200)! at java.net.AbstractPlainSocketImpl.connect(AbstractPlainSocketImpl.java:182)! at java.net.SocksSocketImpl.connect(SocksSocketImpl.java:391)! at java.net.Socket.connect(Socket.java:579)! at java.net.Socket.connect(Socket.java:528)! at java.net.Socket.(Socket.java:425)! at java.net.Socket.(Socket.java:280)! at org.apache.commons.httpclient.protocol.DefaultProtocolSocketFactory.createSocket(DefaultProtocolSocketFactory.java:80)! at org.apache.commons.httpclient.protocol.ControllerThreadSocketFactory$1.doit(ControllerThreadSocketFactory.java:91)! at org.apache.commons.httpclient.protocol.ControllerThreadSocketFactory$SocketTask.run(ControllerThreadSocketFactory.java:158) at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:722) [Sat Jun 30 04:01:37 2012] [error] proxy: HTTP: disabled connection for (127.0.0.1) > 80% of requests rejected Median Latency

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User Request Dependency A Dependency D Dependency G Dependency J Dependency M Dependency P Dependency B Dependency E Dependency H Dependency K Dependency N Dependency Q Dependency C Dependency F Dependency I Dependency L Dependency O Dependency R

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User Request Dependency A Dependency D Dependency G Dependency J Dependency M Dependency P Dependency B Dependency E Dependency H Dependency K Dependency N Dependency Q Dependency C Dependency F Dependency I Dependency L Dependency O Dependency R

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User Request Dependency A Dependency D Dependency G Dependency J Dependency M Dependency P Dependency B Dependency E Dependency H Dependency K Dependency N Dependency Q Dependency C Dependency F Dependency I Dependency L Dependency O Dependency R

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User Request Dependency A Dependency D Dependency G Dependency J Dependency M Dependency P Dependency B Dependency E Dependency H Dependency K Dependency N Dependency Q Dependency C Dependency F Dependency I Dependency L Dependency O Dependency R

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circle color and size represent health and traffic volume

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2 minutes of request rate to show relative changes in traffic circle color and size represent health and traffic volume

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2 minutes of request rate to show relative changes in traffic circle color and size represent health and traffic volume hosts reporting from cluster

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last minute latency percentiles 2 minutes of request rate to show relative changes in traffic circle color and size represent health and traffic volume hosts reporting from cluster

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last minute latency percentiles 2 minutes of request rate to show relative changes in traffic circle color and size represent health and traffic volume hosts reporting from cluster Circuit-breaker status

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last minute latency percentiles Request rate 2 minutes of request rate to show relative changes in traffic circle color and size represent health and traffic volume hosts reporting from cluster Circuit-breaker status

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Error percentage of last 10 seconds last minute latency percentiles Request rate 2 minutes of request rate to show relative changes in traffic circle color and size represent health and traffic volume hosts reporting from cluster Error percentage of last 10 seconds Circuit-breaker status

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last minute latency percentiles Request rate 2 minutes of request rate to show relative changes in traffic circle color and size represent health and traffic volume hosts reporting from cluster Error percentage of last 10 seconds Rolling 10 second counters with 1 second granularity Failures/Exceptions Thread-pool Rejections Thread timeouts Successes Short-circuited (rejected) Circuit-breaker status

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User Request Dependency A Dependency D Dependency G Dependency J Dependency M Dependency P Dependency B Dependency E Dependency H Dependency K Dependency N Dependency Q Dependency C Dependency F Dependency I Dependency L Dependency O Dependency R

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Zuul Routing Layer Canary vs Baseline Squeeze Production "Coalmine"

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Zuul Routing Layer Canary vs Baseline Squeeze Production "Coalmine"

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Zuul Routing Layer Canary vs Baseline Squeeze Production "Coalmine"

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Zuul Routing Layer Canary vs Baseline Squeeze Production "Coalmine"

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Zuul Routing Layer Canary vs Baseline Squeeze Production "Coalmine"

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User Request Dependency A Dependency D Dependency G Dependency J Dependency M Dependency P Dependency B Dependency E Dependency H Dependency K Dependency N Dependency Q Dependency C Dependency F Dependency I Dependency L Dependency O Dependency R System Relationship Over Network without Bulkhead

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Zuul Routing Layer Canary vs Baseline Squeeze Production "Coalmine"

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Zuul Routing Layer Canary vs Baseline Squeeze Production "Coalmine"

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Predictive + Reactive Auto-Scaling

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Scale & Resilience ! Performance & Innovation

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Netflix API Dependency A Dependency D Dependency G Dependency J Dependency M Dependency P Dependency B Dependency E Dependency H Dependency K Dependency N Dependency Q Dependency C Dependency F Dependency I Dependency L Dependency O Dependency R

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Netflix API Dependency A Dependency D Dependency G Dependency J Dependency M Dependency P Dependency B Dependency E Dependency H Dependency K Dependency N Dependency Q Dependency C Dependency F Dependency I Dependency L Dependency O Dependency R

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One Size Fits All RESTful API 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2010 2011 2012 Today millions of API requests per day

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One Size Fits All RESTful API 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2010 2011 2012 Today millions of API requests per day

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One Size Fits All RESTful API 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2010 2011 2012 Today millions of API requests per day 1000+ Devices

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We wanted to re-architecture our call patterns ...

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... to collapse network traffic into coarse API calls ... nested, conditional, concurrent execution

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... and we wanted to allow anybody to create endpoints, not just the “API Team”

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Concurrency without each engineer reading and re-reading this → ! (awesome book ... everybody isn’t going to - or should have to - read it though, that’s the point)

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Owner of api should retain control of concurrency behavior.

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What if the implementation needs to change from synchronous to asynchronous? ! How should the client execute that method without blocking? spawn a thread? public  Data  getData(); Owner of api should retain control of concurrency behavior.

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public  void  getData(Callback  c);   ! public  Future  getData();   ! public  Future>>  getData();   ! ! other options ... ? public  Data  getData();

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Iterable pull Observable push T next() throws Exception returns; onNext(T) onError(Exception) onCompleted() Reactive Programming with Rx

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Iterable pull Observable push T next() throws Exception returns; onNext(T) onError(Exception) onCompleted() (Functional) Reactive Programming with RxJava

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Iterable pull Observable push T next() throws Exception returns; onNext(T) onError(Exception) onCompleted() (Functional) Reactive Programming with RxJava

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Iterable pull Observable push T next() throws Exception returns; onNext(T) onError(Exception) onCompleted() (Functional) Reactive Programming with RxJava

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Iterable pull Observable push T next() throws Exception returns; onNext(T) onError(Exception) onCompleted() !  //  Iterable      //  that  contains  75  Strings    getDataFromLocalMemory()      .skip(10)      .take(5)      .map({  s  -­‐>          return  s  +  "_transformed"})      .forEach(            {  println  "next  =>  "  +  it})   !  //  Observable      //  that  emits  75  Strings    getDataFromNetwork()      .skip(10)      .take(5)      .map({  s  -­‐>          return  s  +  "_transformed"})      .subscribe(            {  println  "onNext  =>  "  +  it})  

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Iterable pull Observable push T next() throws Exception returns; onNext(T) onError(Exception) onCompleted() !  //  Iterable      //  that  contains  75  Strings    getDataFromLocalMemory()      .skip(10)      .take(5)      .map({  s  -­‐>          return  s  +  "_transformed"})      .forEach(            {  println  "onNext  =>  "  +  it})   !  //  Observable      //  that  emits  75  Strings    getDataFromNetwork()      .skip(10)      .take(5)      .map({  s  -­‐>          return  s  +  "_transformed"})      .subscribe(            {  println  "onNext  =>  "  +  it})  

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Single Multiple Sync T getData() Iterable getData() Async Future getData() Observable getData()

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Single Multiple Sync T getData() Iterable getData() Async Future getData() Observable getData() String s = getData(args); if (s.equals(x)) { // do something } else { // do something else }

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Single Multiple Sync T getData() Iterable getData() Async Future getData() Observable getData() Iterable values = getData(args); for (String s : values) { if (s.equals(x)) { // do something } else { // do something else } }

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Single Multiple Sync T getData() Iterable getData() Async Future getData() Observable getData() Future s = getData(args); if (s.get().equals(x)) { // do something } else { // do something else }

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Single Multiple Sync T getData() Iterable getData() Async Future getData() Observable getData() Future s = getData(args); if (s.get().equals(x)) { // do something } else { // do something else }

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Single Multiple Sync T getData() Iterable getData() Async Future getData() Observable getData() Future s = getData(args); Futures.addCallback(s, new FutureCallback { public void onSuccess(String s) { if (s.equals(x)) { // do something } else { // do something else } } }, executor);

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Single Multiple Sync T getData() Iterable getData() Async Future getData() Observable getData() Future s = getData(args); Futures.addCallback(s, new FutureCallback { public void onSuccess(String s) { if (s.equals(x)) { // do something } else { // do something else } } }, executor);

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Single Multiple Sync T getData() Iterable getData() Async Future getData() Observable getData() Future s = getData(args); Futures.addCallback(s, new FutureCallback { public void onSuccess(String s) { if (s.equals(x)) { // do something } else { // do something else } } }, executor);

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Single Multiple Sync T getData() Iterable getData() Async Future getData() Observable getData() CompletableFuture s = getData(args); s.thenApply((v) -> { if (v.equals(x)) { // do something } else { // do something else } });

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Single Multiple Sync T getData() Iterable getData() Async Future getData() Observable getData() CompletableFuture s = getData(args); s.thenApply((v) -> { if (v.equals(x)) { // do something } else { // do something else } });

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Future s = getData(args); s.map({ s -> if (s.equals(x)) { // do something } else { // do something else } }); Single Multiple Sync T getData() Iterable getData() Async Future getData() Observable getData()

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Future s = getData(args); s.map({ s -> if (s.equals(x)) { // do something } else { // do something else } }); Single Multiple Sync T getData() Iterable getData() Async Future getData() Observable getData()

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Future s = getData(args); s.map({ s -> if (s.equals(x)) { // do something } else { // do something else } }); Single Multiple Sync T getData() Iterable getData() Async Future getData() Observable getData()

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Single Multiple Sync T getData() Iterable getData() Async Future getData() Observable getData() Observable s = getData(args); s.map({ s -> if (s.equals(x)) { // do something } else { // do something else } });

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Single Multiple Sync T getData() Iterable getData() Async Future getData() Observable getData() Observable s = getData(args); s.map({ s -> if (s.equals(x)) { // do something } else { // do something else } });

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Single Multiple Sync T getData() Iterable getData() Async Future getData() Observable getData() Observable s = getData(args); s.map({ s -> if (s.equals(x)) { // do something } else { // do something else } });

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class  VideoService  {        def  VideoList  getPersonalizedListOfMovies(userId);        def  VideoBookmark  getBookmark(userId,  videoId);        def  VideoRating  getRating(userId,  videoId);        def  VideoMetadata  getMetadata(videoId);   } class  VideoService  {        def  Observable  getPersonalizedListOfMovies(userId);        def  Observable  getBookmark(userId,  videoId);        def  Observable  getRating(userId,  videoId);        def  Observable  getMetadata(videoId);   } ... create an observable api: instead of a blocking api ...

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“a library for composing asynchronous and event-based programs using observable sequences for the Java VM” A Java port of Rx (Reactive Extensions) https://rx.codeplex.com (.Net and Javascript by Microsoft) RxJava http://github.com/Netflix/RxJava

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client code treats all interactions with the api as asynchronous ! ! the api implementation chooses whether something is blocking or non-blocking and what resources it uses

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Netflix API Device Server Optimize for Each Device. Leverage the Server

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Code

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SDK for API Web Service Development

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SDK for API Web Service Development

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SDK for API Web Service Development

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api.servletResponse.writer.print("Hello")

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api.servletResponse.writer.print("Hello") $runScript.py -e PROD sample.groovy Hello ################################################################################################ ####### Script Logger (enabled via debug=true request parameter) ################################################################################################ [0ms] INFO: User => NULL ################################################################################################ ####### Script Logger (enabled via debug=true request parameter) ################################################################################################

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api.servletResponse.writer.print("Hello") $runScript.py -e PROD sample.groovy Hello ################################################################################################ ####### Script Logger (enabled via debug=true request parameter) ################################################################################################ [0ms] INFO: User => NULL ################################################################################################ ####### Script Logger (enabled via debug=true request parameter) ################################################################################################

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api.servletResponse.writer.print("Hello") $runScript.py -e PROD sample.groovy Hello ################################################################################################ ####### Script Logger (enabled via debug=true request parameter) ################################################################################################ [0ms] INFO: User => NULL ################################################################################################ ####### Script Logger (enabled via debug=true request parameter) ################################################################################################

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api.servletResponse.writer.print("Hello") $runScript.py -e PROD sample.groovy Hello ################################################################################################ ####### Script Logger (enabled via debug=true request parameter) ################################################################################################ [0ms] INFO: User => NULL ################################################################################################ ####### Script Logger (enabled via debug=true request parameter) ################################################################################################

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api.servletResponse.writer.print("Hello") $runScript.py -e PROD sample.groovy Hello ################################################################################################ ####### Script Logger (enabled via debug=true request parameter) ################################################################################################ [0ms] INFO: User => NULL ################################################################################################ ####### Script Logger (enabled via debug=true request parameter) ################################################################################################

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api.servletResponse.writer.print("Hello") $runScript.py -e PROD sample.groovy Hello ################################################################################################ ####### Script Logger (enabled via debug=true request parameter) ################################################################################################ [0ms] INFO: User => NULL ################################################################################################ ####### Script Logger (enabled via debug=true request parameter) ################################################################################################

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public class HelloEndpoint extends APIEndpoint { @Override public void execute(APIRequest api) throws Throwable { // get a request parameter from servlet request String alias = api.servletRequest.getParameter("name"); ! // set content type and write something to servlet response api.servletResponse.setContentType("application/json"); api.servletResponse.writer.print( JsonUtility.toJson( [ alias : alias, name : api.user.firstName ] ) ) ! } }

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public class HelloEndpoint extends APIEndpoint { @Override public void execute(APIRequest api) throws Throwable { // get a request parameter from servlet request String alias = api.servletRequest.getParameter("name"); ! // set content type and write something to servlet response api.servletResponse.setContentType("application/json"); api.servletResponse.writer.print( JsonUtility.toJson( [ alias : alias, name : api.user.firstName ] ) ) ! } } runScript.py -e TEST --userId 1189658154 --args "name=bob" HelloEndpoint.groovy

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public class HelloEndpoint extends APIEndpoint { @Override public void execute(APIRequest api) throws Throwable { // get a request parameter from servlet request String alias = api.servletRequest.getParameter("name"); ! // set content type and write something to servlet response api.servletResponse.setContentType("application/json"); api.servletResponse.writer.print( JsonUtility.toJson( [ alias : alias, name : api.user.firstName ] ) ) ! } } runScript.py -e TEST --userId 1189658154 --args "name=bob" HelloEndpoint.groovy {"alias":"bob","name":"Old"}

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public class HelloEndpoint extends APIEndpoint { @Override public void execute(APIRequest api) throws Throwable { // get a request parameter from servlet request String alias = api.servletRequest.getParameter("name"); ! // set content type and write something to servlet response api.servletResponse.setContentType("application/json"); api.servletResponse.writer.print( JsonUtility.toJson( [ alias : alias, name : api.user.firstName ] ) ) ! } } runScript.py -e TEST --userId 1189658154 --args "name=bob" HelloEndpoint.groovy {"alias":"bob","name":"Old"}

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public class HelloEndpoint extends APIEndpoint { @Override public void execute(APIRequest api) throws Throwable { // get a request parameter from servlet request String alias = api.servletRequest.getParameter("name"); ! // set content type and write something to servlet response api.servletResponse.setContentType("application/json"); api.servletResponse.writer.print( JsonUtility.toJson( [ alias : alias, name : api.user.firstName ] ) ) ! } } runScript.py -e TEST --userId 1189658154 --args "name=bob" HelloEndpoint.groovy {"alias":"bob","name":"Old"}

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public class HelloEndpoint extends APIEndpoint { @Override public void execute(APIRequest api) throws Throwable { // get a request parameter from servlet request String alias = api.servletRequest.getParameter("name"); ! // set content type and write something to servlet response api.servletResponse.setContentType("application/json"); api.servletResponse.writer.print( JsonUtility.toJson( [ alias : alias, name : api.user.firstName ] ) ) ! } } runScript.py -e TEST --userId 1189658154 --args "name=bob" HelloEndpoint.groovy {"alias":"bob","name":"Old"}

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public class HelloEndpoint extends APIEndpoint { @Override public void execute(APIRequest api) throws Throwable { // get a request parameter from servlet request String alias = api.servletRequest.getParameter("name"); ! // set content type and write something to servlet response api.servletResponse.setContentType("application/json"); api.servletResponse.writer.print( JsonUtility.toJson( [ alias : alias, name : api.user.firstName ] ) ) ! } } runScript.py -e TEST --userId 1189658154 --args "name=bob" HelloEndpoint.groovy {"alias":"bob","name":"Old"}

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public class HelloEndpoint extends APIEndpoint { @Override public void execute(APIRequest api) throws Throwable { // get a request parameter from servlet request String alias = api.servletRequest.getParameter("name"); ! // set content type and write something to servlet response api.servletResponse.setContentType("application/json"); api.servletResponse.writer.print( JsonUtility.toJson( [ alias : alias, name : api.user.firstName ] ) ) ! } } runScript.py -e TEST --userId 1189658154 --args "name=bob" HelloEndpoint.groovy {"alias":"bob","name":"Old"}

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public Observable getVideoSummary(APIVideo video) { // get id, title def seed = [id: video.id, title : video.getTitle(APIVideo.TitleType.REGULAR)] ! // get bookmark def bookmarkObservable = getBookmark(video) ! // get artwork def artworkObservable = getArtworkImageUrl(video) ! // merge them and accumulate into the seed. return Observable.merge(bookmarkObservable, artworkObservable) .reduce(seed, { aggregate, current -> aggregate << current}) .map({ [ (video.id.toString()) : it]}) }

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public Observable getVideoSummary(APIVideo video) { // get id, title def seed = [id: video.id, title : video.getTitle(APIVideo.TitleType.REGULAR)] ! // get bookmark def bookmarkObservable = getBookmark(video) ! // get artwork def artworkObservable = getArtworkImageUrl(video) ! // merge them and accumulate into the seed. return Observable.merge(bookmarkObservable, artworkObservable) .reduce(seed, { aggregate, current -> aggregate << current}) .map({ [ (video.id.toString()) : it]}) }

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public Observable getVideoSummary(APIVideo video) { // get id, title def seed = [id: video.id, title : video.getTitle(APIVideo.TitleType.REGULAR)] ! // get bookmark def bookmarkObservable = getBookmark(video) ! // get artwork def artworkObservable = getArtworkImageUrl(video) ! // merge them and accumulate into the seed. return Observable.merge(bookmarkObservable, artworkObservable) .reduce(seed, { aggregate, current -> aggregate << current}) .map({ [ (video.id.toString()) : it]}) }

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public Observable getVideoSummary(APIVideo video) { // get id, title def seed = [id: video.id, title : video.getTitle(APIVideo.TitleType.REGULAR)] ! // get bookmark def bookmarkObservable = getBookmark(video) ! // get artwork def artworkObservable = getArtworkImageUrl(video) ! // merge them and accumulate into the seed. return Observable.merge(bookmarkObservable, artworkObservable) .reduce(seed, { aggregate, current -> aggregate << current}) .map({ [ (video.id.toString()) : it]}) }

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public Observable getVideoSummary(APIVideo video) { // get id, title def seed = [id: video.id, title : video.getTitle(APIVideo.TitleType.REGULAR)] ! // get bookmark def bookmarkObservable = getBookmark(video) ! // get artwork def artworkObservable = getArtworkImageUrl(video) ! // merge them and accumulate into the seed. return Observable.merge(bookmarkObservable, artworkObservable) .reduce(seed, { aggregate, current -> aggregate << current}) .map({ [ (video.id.toString()) : it]}) }

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public Observable getVideoSummary(APIVideo video) { // get id, title def seed = [id: video.id, title : video.getTitle(APIVideo.TitleType.REGULAR)] ! // get bookmark def bookmarkObservable = getBookmark(video) ! // get artwork def artworkObservable = getArtworkImageUrl(video) ! // merge them and accumulate into the seed. return Observable.merge(bookmarkObservable, artworkObservable) .reduce(seed, { aggregate, current -> aggregate << current}) .map({ [ (video.id.toString()) : it]}) }

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public Observable getVideoSummary(APIVideo video) { // get id, title def seed = [id: video.id, title : video.getTitle(APIVideo.TitleType.REGULAR)] ! // get bookmark def bookmarkObservable = getBookmark(video) ! // get artwork def artworkObservable = getArtworkImageUrl(video) ! // merge them and accumulate into the seed. return Observable.merge(bookmarkObservable, artworkObservable) .reduce(seed, { aggregate, current -> aggregate << current}) .map({ [ (video.id.toString()) : it]}) }

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$ uploadScript.py -e TEST /test/hello sample.groovy { "active": false, "allocationPercentage": 0, "creationDate": "Mon Nov 11 05:38:51 UTC 2013", "revision": 1, "userAuthorizationRequired": true, "userAuthorizationType": "https" }

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$ uploadScript.py -e TEST /test/hello sample.groovy { "active": false, "allocationPercentage": 0, "creationDate": "Mon Nov 11 05:38:51 UTC 2013", "revision": 1, "userAuthorizationRequired": true, "userAuthorizationType": "https" }

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$ uploadScript.py -e TEST /test/hello sample.groovy { "active": false, "allocationPercentage": 0, "creationDate": "Mon Nov 11 05:40:26 UTC 2013", "revision": 2, "userAuthorizationRequired": true, "userAuthorizationType": "https" }

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$ uploadScript.py -e TEST /test/hello sample.groovy { "active": false, "allocationPercentage": 0, "creationDate": "Mon Nov 11 05:40:26 UTC 2013", "revision": 2, "userAuthorizationRequired": true, "userAuthorizationType": "https" } $ activateScript.py -e TEST --revision 2 /test/hello { "active": true, "allocationPercentage": 100, "creationDate": "Mon Nov 11 05:40:26 UTC 2013", "previousRevision": null, "revision": 2, "userAuthorizationRequired": true, "userAuthorizationType": "https" }

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$ uploadScript.py -e TEST /test/hello sample.groovy { "active": false, "allocationPercentage": 0, "creationDate": "Mon Nov 11 05:40:26 UTC 2013", "revision": 2, "userAuthorizationRequired": true, "userAuthorizationType": "https" } $ activateScript.py -e TEST --revision 2 /test/hello { "active": true, "allocationPercentage": 100, "creationDate": "Mon Nov 11 05:40:26 UTC 2013", "previousRevision": null, "revision": 2, "userAuthorizationRequired": true, "userAuthorizationType": "https" }

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$ uploadScript.py -e TEST /test/hello sample.groovy { "active": false, "allocationPercentage": 0, "creationDate": "Mon Nov 11 05:40:26 UTC 2013", "revision": 2, "userAuthorizationRequired": true, "userAuthorizationType": "https" } $ activateScript.py -e TEST --revision 2 /test/hello { "active": true, "allocationPercentage": 100, "creationDate": "Mon Nov 11 05:40:26 UTC 2013", "previousRevision": null, "revision": 2, "userAuthorizationRequired": true, "userAuthorizationType": "https" }

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$ uploadScript.py -e TEST /test/hello sample.groovy { "active": false, "allocationPercentage": 0, "creationDate": "Mon Nov 11 05:40:26 UTC 2013", "revision": 2, "userAuthorizationRequired": true, "userAuthorizationType": "https" } $ activateScript.py -e TEST --revision 2 /test/hello { "active": true, "allocationPercentage": 100, "creationDate": "Mon Nov 11 05:40:26 UTC 2013", "previousRevision": null, "revision": 2, "userAuthorizationRequired": true, "userAuthorizationType": "https" }

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$ uploadScript.py -e TEST /test/hello sample.groovy { "active": false, "allocationPercentage": 0, "creationDate": "Mon Nov 11 05:40:26 UTC 2013", "revision": 2, "userAuthorizationRequired": true, "userAuthorizationType": "https" } $ activateScript.py -e TEST --revision 3 /test/hello { "active": true, "allocationPercentage": 100, "creationDate": "Mon Nov 11 05:42:05 UTC 2013", "previousRevision": 2, "revision": 3, "userAuthorizationRequired": true, "userAuthorizationType": "https" }

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Future

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millions of API requests per day 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Today

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/ps3/home Dependency F 10 Threads Dependency G 10 Threads Dependency H 10 Threads Dependency I 5 Threads Dependency J 8 Threads Dependency A 10 Threads Dependency B 8 Threads Dependency C 10 Threads Dependency D 15 Threads Dependency E 5 Threads Dependency K 15 Threads Dependency L 4 Threads Dependency M 5 Threads Dependency N 10 Threads Dependency O 10 Threads Dependency P 10 Threads Dependency Q 8 Threads Dependency R 10 Threads Dependency S 8 Threads Dependency T 10 Threads /android/home /tv/home Functional Reactive Dynamic Endpoints Asynchronous Java API

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/ps3/home Dependency F 10 Threads Dependency G 10 Threads Dependency H 10 Threads Dependency I 5 Threads Dependency J 8 Threads Dependency A 10 Threads Dependency B 8 Threads Dependency C 10 Threads Dependency D 15 Threads Dependency E 5 Threads Dependency K 15 Threads Dependency L 4 Threads Dependency M 5 Threads Dependency N 10 Threads Dependency O 10 Threads Dependency P 10 Threads Dependency Q 8 Threads Dependency R 10 Threads Dependency S 8 Threads Dependency T 10 Threads /android/home /tv/home Functional Reactive Dynamic Endpoints Asynchronous Java API Hystrix fault-isolation layer

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+ Observable  u  =  new  GetUserCommand(id).observe();   Observable  g  =  new  GetGeoCommand(request).observe();   ! Observable.zip(u,  g,  {user,  geo  -­‐>                    return  [username:  user.getUsername(),                                    currentLocation:  geo.getCounty()]         }) RxJava in Hystrix 1.3+ https://github.com/Netflix/Hystrix

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Optimizing the Netflix API http://techblog.netflix.com/2013/01/optimizing-netflix-api.html ! Why REST Keeps Me Up At Night http://blog.programmableweb.com/2012/05/15/why-rest-keeps-me-up-at-night/ ! Functional Reactive in the Netflix API with RxJava http://techblog.netflix.com/2013/02/rxjava-netflix-api.html ! Application Resilience in a Service-oriented Architecture http://programming.oreilly.com/2013/06/application-resilience-in-a-service-oriented-architecture.html ! Netflix API on Tech Blog http://techblog.netflix.com/search/label/api jobs.netflix.com Ben Christensen @benjchristensen http://www.linkedin.com/in/benjchristensen