REST easy with API Platform Antonio Perić-Mažar, Locastic 12.04.2019., #DevConMu

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Antonio Perić-Mažar CEO @ Locastic Co-Founder @ Blockada antonio@locastic.com @antonioperic

Locastic • We help clients create amazing web and mobile apps (since 2011) • mobile development • web development • UX/UI • Training and Consulting • Shift Conference, Symfony Croatia • www.locastic.com t: @locastic

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Why API?

The web has changed • Javascript web apps are standard (SPA) • Users spend more time on using mobile devices than desktop or TV. • Linked Data and the semantic web are a reality

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APIs are the heart of this new web • Central point to access data (R/W data) • Encapsulate business logic • Same data and same features for desktops, mobiles, TVs and etc • It is stateless (PHP Sessions make horizontal scaling harder)

Client Apps • HTML5 (SPA), mobile apps, TVs, Cars etc. • Holds all the presentation logic • Is downloaded first (SPA, shell model) • Queries the API to retrieve and modify data using asynchronous requests • Is 100% composed of HTML, JavaScript and assets (CSS and etc) • Can be hosted on a CDN

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Immediate benefits • Speed (even on mobile) • Scalability and robustness • Development comfort • Long term benefits

Formats, standards, patterns

HTTP + REST + JSON • Work everywhere • Lightweight • Stateless • HTTP has a powerful caching model • Extensible (JSON-LD, Hydra, Swagger, HAL…) • High quality tooling

HATEOAS / Linked Data • Hypermedia as the Engine of Application State • Hypermedia: IRI as identifier • Ability to reference external data (like hypertext links) • Auto discoverable <=> Generic clients

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JSON-LD (JSON for Linked Data) • Standard: W3C recommandation (since 2014) • Machine readable data • Easy to use: looks like a typical JSON document • Already used by Gmail, GitHub, BBC, Microsoft, US gov… • Compliant with technologies of the semantic web: RDF, SPARQL, triple store… • Good for SEO

Hydra • Describe REST APIs in JSON-LD • = write support • = auto-discoverable APIs • = standard for collections, paginations, errors, filters • Draft W3C (Work In Progress)

{ "@context": "/contexts/Book", "@id": "/books/2", "@type": "http://schema.org/Book", "id": 2, "isbn": "9790070863971", "description": "A long but very interesting story about REST and asyncio.", "author": "The life!", "title": "X", "publicationDate": "2002-01-29T00:00:00+00:00" }

{ "@context": "contexts/Errors", "@type": “hydra:Error”, “hydra:title”: “An error occurred”, “hydra:description”: “Not found” }

{ "@context": "/contexts/Book", "@id": "/books", "@type": "hydra:Collection", "hydra:member": [ { "@id": "/books/2", "@type": "http://schema.org/Book", "id": 2, "isbn": "9790070863971", "description": "A long but very interesting story about REST and asyncio.", "author": "The life!", "title": "X", "publicationDate": "2002-01-29T00:00:00+00:00" }, … { "@id": "/books/31", "@type": "http://schema.org/Book", "id": 31, "isbn": "9791943452827", "description": "Tempora voluptas ut dolorem voluptates. Provident natus ipsam fugiat est ipsam quia. Sint mollitia sed facere qui sit. Ad iusto molestias iusto autem laboriosam nulla earum eius.", "author": "Miss Gladyce Nader I", "title": "Voluptas doloremque esse dolor qui illo placeat harum voluptatem.", "publicationDate": "1970-10-11T00:00:00+00:00" } ], "hydra:totalItems": 125, "hydra:view": { "@id": "/books?page=1", "@type": "hydra:PartialCollectionView", "hydra:first": "/books?page=1", "hydra:last": "/books?page=5", "hydra:next": "/books?page=2" } }

“API Platform is the most advanced API platform, in any framework or language.” Fabien Potencier, SymfonyCon 2017

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API Platform: the promise • Fully featured API supporting Swagger + JSON-LD + Hydra + HAL in minutes • An auto generated doc • Convenient API spec and test tools using Behat • Easy authentication management with JWT or OAuth • CORS and HTTP cache • All the tools you love: Doctrine ORM, Monolog, Swiftmailer...

API Platform <3 Symfony • Built on top of Symfony full-stack • Install any existing SF bundles • Follow SF Best Practices • Use your Symfony skills • Can be used in your existing SF app • (Optional) tightly integrated with Doctrine

Features • CRUD • Filters • Serializations groups and relations • Validation • Pagination • Sorting • The event system • Content Negation • Extensions • HTTP and reverse proxy caching • Invalidation-based HTTP caching • JS Admin apps • GraphQL support • And basically everything needed to build modern APIs

How to start? • Download distribution and use Docker (includes frontend applications, etc) • https://github.com/api-platform/api-platform/releases/tag/v2.4.2 • Use Symfony Flex and any setup you want (little harder to setup) • Enjoy!!!

CRUD

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schema.org

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{ "@context": "http://schema.org", "@type": "FlightReservation", "reservationNumber": "RXJ34P", "reservationStatus": "http://schema.org/Confirmed", "underName": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Eva Green" }, "reservationFor": { "@type": "Flight", "flightNumber": "110", "airline": { "@type": "Airline", "name": "United", "iataCode": "UA" }, "departureAirport": { "@type": "Airport", "name": "San Francisco Airport", "iataCode": "SFO" }, "departureTime": "2017-03-04T20:15:00-08:00", "arrivalAirport": { "@type": "Airport", "name": "John F. Kennedy International Airport", "iataCode": "JFK" }, "arrivalTime": "2017-03-05T06:30:00-05:00" } }

Using schema.org in Api Platform resources: App\Entity\FlightReservation: iri: 'http://schema.org/FlightReservation'

Using schema.org in Api Platform resources: App\Entity\FlightReservation: iri: 'http://schema.org/FlightReservation' properties: status: iri: 'http://schema.org/reservationStatus'

Operations • API Platform Core relies on the concept of operations. Operations can be applied to a resource exposed by the API. From an implementation point of view, an operation is a link between a resource, a route and its related controller. • There are two types of operations: • Collection operations act on a collection of resources. By default two routes are implemented: POST and GET. • Item operations act on an individual resource. 3 default routes are defined GET, PUT and DELETE.

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Custom operation class Match { private $id; /** * @Groups({"match_read"}) */ private $datetime; /** * @Groups({"match_read", "match_write"}) */ private $playerOnePoints; /** * @Groups({"match_read", "match_write"}) */ private $playerTwoPoints; /** * @Groups({"match_read", "match_write"}) */ private $playerOne; /** * @Groups({"match_read", "match_write"}) */ private $playerTwo; /** * @Groups({"match_read"}) */ private $winner; /** * @Groups({"match_read"}) */ private $result; }

Custom operation class Match { private $id; /** * @Groups({"match_read"}) */ private $datetime; /** * @Groups({"match_read", "match_write"}) */ private $playerOnePoints; /** * @Groups({"match_read", "match_write"}) */ private $playerTwoPoints; /** * @Groups({"match_read", "match_write"}) */ private $playerOne; /** * @Groups({"match_read", "match_write"}) */ private $playerTwo; /** * @Groups({"match_read"}) */ private $winner; /** * @Groups({"match_read"}) */ private $result; } class MatchController extends Controller { /** * @param Match $data * * @return Match */ public function getMatchAction($data) { $result = $data->getPlayerOne() . ' ' . $data->getPlayerOnePoints().':' .$data->getPlayerTwoPoints() . ' ' . $data->getPlayerTwo(); $data->setResult($result); return $data; } }

Custom operation class Match { private $id; /** * @Groups({"match_read"}) */ private $datetime; /** * @Groups({"match_read", "match_write"}) */ private $playerOnePoints; /** * @Groups({"match_read", "match_write"}) */ private $playerTwoPoints; /** * @Groups({"match_read", "match_write"}) */ private $playerOne; /** * @Groups({"match_read", "match_write"}) */ private $playerTwo; /** * @Groups({"match_read"}) */ private $winner; /** * @Groups({"match_read"}) */ private $result; } class MatchController extends Controller { /** * @param Match $data * * @return Match */ public function getMatchAction($data) { $result = $data->getPlayerOne() . ' ' . $data->getPlayerOnePoints().':' .$data->getPlayerTwoPoints() . ' ' . $data->getPlayerTwo(); $data->setResult($result); return $data; } } # app/config/routing.yml get_match: path: /api/v1/matches/{id}.{_format} methods: ['GET'] defaults: _controller: AppBundle:Match:getMatch _api_resource_class: AppBundle\Entity\Match _api_item_operation_name: get

Override default order resources: App\Entity\Player: attributes: order: lastname: ‘ASC’

Adding subresource resources: AppBundle\Entity\Player: properties: matches: subresource: resourceClass: ‘App\Entity\Match’ maxDepth: 1 collection: true -> api.com/players/1/matches

Filters • If Doctrine ORM support is enabled, adding filters is as easy as registering a filter service in your api/config/services.yml file and adding an attribute to your resource configuration. • Filters add extra conditions to base database query • Useful filters for the Doctrine ORM are provided with the library. You can also create custom filters that would fit your specific needs.

Filters • Search filter (partial, start, end, exact, ipartial, iexact) • Date filter (?property[]=value ) • Boolean filter (?property=[true|false|1|0]) • Numeric filter (?property=int|bigint|decimal) • Range filter (?property[lt]|[gt]|[lte]|[gte]|[between]=value) • Order filter (?order[property]=) • … • Custom filters

Filters examples # AppBundle/Resources/config/api_resources/resources.yml resources: AppBundle\Entity\Player: # ... attributes: filters: ['player.search', 'player.order'] AppBundle\Entity\Match: # ... attributes: filters: ['match.date'] services: player.search_filter: parent: 'api_platform.doctrine.orm.search_filter' arguments: [ { id: 'exact', email: 'exact', firstName: 'partial' } ] tags: [ { name: 'api_platform.filter', id: 'player.search' } ] match.date_filter: parent: 'api_platform.doctrine.orm.date_filter' arguments: [ { datetime: ~ } ] tags: [ { name: 'api_platform.filter', id: 'match.date' } ] player.order_filter: parent: 'api_platform.doctrine.orm.order_filter' arguments: [{ firstName: 'ASC', lastName: 'ACS', email: ~ }] tags: [{ name: 'api_platform.filter', id: 'player.order' }]

Serialization Groups • API Platform Core allows to choose which attributes of the resource are exposed during the normalization (read) and denormalization (write) process. It relies on the serialization (and deserialization) groups feature of the Symfony Serializer component. • allows to specify the definition of serialization using XML, YAML, or annotations.

Serialization Groups

Using Different Serialization Groups per Operation # UserBundle/Resources/api_resources/resources.yml resources: App\Entity\Player: itemOperations: get: method: 'GET' normalization_context: groups: ['player_read', 'player_extra'] put: method: 'PUT' delete: method: 'DELETE' attributes: normalization_context: groups: ['player_read'] denormalization_context: groups: ['player_write']

Api platform events

// src/AppBundle/EventSubscriber/MatchEventSubscriber.php class MatchEventSubscriber implements EventSubscriberInterface { private $matchHelper; public function __construct(MatchHelper $matchHelper) { $this->matchHelper = $matchHelper; } public static function getSubscribedEvents() { return [ KernelEvents::VIEW => [['addWinner', EventPriorities::POST_VALIDATE]], ]; } public function addWinner(GetResponseForControllerResultEvent $event) { $match = $event->getControllerResult(); $method = $event->getRequest()->getMethod(); if(!$match instanceof Match || $method !== 'POST') { return; } $winner = $this->matchHelper->getWinner($match); $match->setWinner($winner); } }

Extensions • API Platform Core provides a system to extend queries on items and collections. • Custom extensions must implement the ApiPlatform\Core\Bridge\Doctrine\Orm\Extension\Query CollectionExtensionInterface and / or the ApiPlatform\Core\Bridge\Doctrine\Orm\Extension\Query ItemExtensionInterface interfaces, to be run when querying for a collection of items and when querying for an item respectively.

class GetPlayersExtension implements QueryCollectionExtensionInterface, QueryItemExtensionInterface { public function applyToItem( QueryBuilder $queryBuilder, QueryNameGeneratorInterface $queryNameGenerator, string $resourceClass, array $identifiers, string $operationName = null, array $context = [] ) { $this->addWhere($queryBuilder, $resourceClass, $operationName); } public function applyToCollection( QueryBuilder $queryBuilder, QueryNameGeneratorInterface $queryNameGenerator, string $resourceClass, string $operationName = null ) { $this->addWhere($queryBuilder, $resourceClass, $operationName); } private function addWhere(QueryBuilder $queryBuilder, string $resourceClass, string $operationName = null) { if ($resourceClass != Player::class || $operationName != 'get') { return; } $rootAlias = $queryBuilder->getRootAliases()[0]; $queryBuilder->andWhere( $queryBuilder->expr()->eq($rootAlias.'.enabled', ':enabled') )->setParameter('enabled', true); } }

services: app.extension.get_players: class: AppBundle\Doctrine\ORM\Extension\GetPlayersExtension public: false tags: - { name: api_platform.doctrine.orm.query_extension.collection, priority: 9 } - { name: api_platform.doctrine.orm.query_extension.item }

Per Resource Authorization Mechanism namespace AppBundle\Entity; use ApiPlatform\Core\Annotation\ApiResource; use Doctrine\ORM\Mapping as ORM; /** * @ApiResource( * attributes={"is_granted"="has_role('ROLE_ADMIN')"}, * itemOperations={ * "get"={"method"="GET", "is_granted"="object.getOwner() == user"} * } * ) * @ORM\Entity */ class Secured { /** * @ORM\Column(type="integer") * @ORM\Id * @ORM\GeneratedValue(strategy="AUTO") */ public $id; /** * @ORM\Column(type="text") */ public $owner;

Cache invalidation is builtin

Translation Support • https://github.com/Locastic/ApiPlatformTranslationBundle • https://locastic.com/blog/having-troubles-with-implementing-translations-in- apiplatform/

GraphQL support

GraphQL Support • docker-compose exec php composer req webonyx/graphql-php && docker- compose exec php bin/console cache:clear • The GraphQL implementation supports queries, mutations, 100% of the Relay server specification, pagination, filters and access control rules. You can use it with the popular RelayJS and Apollo clients.

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Testing • PHPUnit • Postman (newman) • Panther • https://locastic.com/blog/what-to-do-when-you-get-lost-in-api-testing/

Mercure

Mercure • Fast, written in Go • native browser support, no lib nor SDK required (built on top of HTTP and server-sent events) • compatible with all existing servers, even those who don't support persistent connections (serverless architecture, PHP, FastCGI...) • Automatic HTTP/2 and HTTPS (using Let's Encrypt) support • CORS support, CSRF protection mechanism • Cloud Native, follows the Twelve-Factor App methodology • Open source (AGPL) • …

Let’s try it https://symfonycon.les-tilleuls.coop/

Update progressive web app • docker-compose exec client generate-api-platform-client • Follow instructions

Version 2.4 • read and write support for MongoDB, the reference document database, including a lot of useful filters • Read support for Elasticsearch, the open source search and analytics engine, including filters for advanced search • Automatic “push” of updated resources from the server to the clients using the brand new Mercure protocol

Version 2.4 • Integration with the Symfony Messenger component to easily implement the CQRS pattern and to handle messages asynchronously (using brokers such as RabbitMQ, Apache Kafka, Amazon SQS or Google PubSub) • Ability to leverage the “Server Push” feature of HTTP/2 to preemptively send the relations of a requested resource to the client • Automatic availability of list filters in the React-based admin when a corresponding one is available API-side • Full compatibility with the version 3 of the OpenAPI specification format (formerly known as Swagger), and integration of the beautiful ReDoc documentation generator

Version 2.4 • Improved DTOs support • Per resource configuration of HTTP cache headers • Ability to easily use the Sunset HTTP header to advertise the removal date of deprecated endpoints

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GFNY Ticketing system • 20 races, 18 countries • Different timezones, currencies, languages… • More then 60 000 tickets per year, with very complex login • Standings and rankings • Email notification, flexibility • Etc.

Conclusion • Very powerful, even for large applications • Easy to start, well documented • Active community and company behind it • Write tests!

Thank you!

antonio@locastic.com @antonioperic www.locastic.com Questions?