Hafeez Jimoh EXPLORING ROBOTICS An evening Session with Si Con 

2 About me: Hafeez Jimoh OAU Lagos, NG Innopolis, Russia WV, USA Michigan, USA Still Figuring out life 

WHAT IS A ROBOT? An embodied agent that can be programmed to perform physical tasks 

4 Other reasonable definitions: • A machine — especially one programmable by a computer — capable of carrying out a complex series of actions automatically [Wikipedia/ dictionary definition] • A reprogrammable, multifunctional manipulator designed to move material, parts, tools or specialized devices through variable programmed motions for the performance of a variety of tasks [Robotics Industries Association] • An autonomous machine capable of sensing its environment, carrying out computations to make decisions, and performing actions in the real world [https://robots.ieee.org/learn/] What is a robot? 

5 What is Robotics? 

6 All proposed definitions have some issues Is this a robot? What is a robot? 

7 What is a robot All proposed definitions have some issues Is this a robot? 

8 What is a robot All proposed definitions have some issues Is this a robot? 

9 What is a robot All proposed definitions have some issues Is this a robot? 

10 What is a robot All proposed definitions have some issues Is this a robot? 

11 What is a robot All proposed definitions have some issues Is this a robot? Nanorobot is a robot that allows precise interactions with nanoscale objects, or can manipulate with nanoscale resolution. 

12 What is a robot – and what is not? • “Robot” defined by International Standards Organization ISO • No robots: • software (“bots”, AI, Robotic Process Automation-RPA) • remote-controlled drones, UAV, UGV, UUV • voice assistants • autonomous cars • ATMs, smart washing machines, etc 

13 Robot Types 1/2 Aquatic Robot Autonomous vehicles Consumer robots Delivery Robots Disaster Response robots Drones Aquatic Robot 

14 Robot Types 2/2 Educational robots Exoskeletons Humanoids Industrial robots Medical Robots Service Robots 

15 Case Study: How does Amazon Fulfills Order 1 Inventory Storage and Retrieval 2 Robot navigation to item location in warehouse after order is made 3 Item Retrieval after order is made 4 Human pick up item 5 Robot returns to station 

16 Case Study: How does Amazon Fulfills Order 

17 Case Study: Inside a Car Manufacturing Plant 

18 Robots VS Artificial Intelligence This is something most roboticists agree on • A robot needs to be embodied • Artificial Intelligence (AI) need not be embodied 

20 Case Study: Car Manufacturing Plant Step1: Stamping and Pressing Step 2: Body Welding Step 3: Painting Step 4: Assembly Step 5: Quality Inspection Step 6: Final Assembly 

21 Why is Robotics Hard 

22 Why is Robotics Hard • Uncertainty in the dynamics of the robot • Uncertainty in the dynamics of the world • Uncertainty in the geometry of the world • Uncertainty in sensor measurements • Balancing performance, power consumption, and cost adds complexity to the design process. • Safety and ethics issue • Cost and resources 

23 Which country installs highest robots? 

24 Why should you care about robotics? • Lots of really fascinating technical challenges (many of which we’ll discuss) • Beautiful connections with many fields • AI, machine learning, control theory, computer vision, optimization, information theory, theoretical computer science, applied math, … • Provides a lens on the really BIG questions oWhat is intelligence? What makes us human? What is consciousness? What is free will? • Applicability of these techniques extends well beyond robotics • Economic and social consequences: Jobs are at risk of automation • It’s really cool! 

25 How do I become a robotics engineer Get a robotics education Gain the required skills and build Projects Networking/J oining Professional association Apply for jobs 

26 How do I become a robotics engineer: Traditional approach Graduate degree: Masters/PhD Undergraduate degree: engineering, maths, physics, statistics 

27 WHAT SKILLS ARE REQUIRED TO BE A ROBOTICS ENGINEER Electrical engineering: sensors, embedded systems, circuits and systems Mechanical Engineering CAD and 3D modelling skills Programming Software engineering(Python/C++) Maths/Physics/Statistics skills Robot Operating System(ROS1 and 2) 

28 Timeline and steps to become a robotics engineer Warm-up level Learn Coding Learn electronics Learn basic assembling Integrate with microcontrollers • Arduino, Raspberry Pi Beginner Learn OOP(Python/C++) Learn physics Embedded systems(more electronics) Get Familiar with Linux(ubuntu) for ROS Intermediate Learn robotics arm manipulation Perception(computer vision) Some Maths Some Librarues(Open CV) Get Familiar with ROS More CAD(Solidworks, AutoCAD etc) Expert 

29 Roles and career • Motion Planning Engineer • Controls Engineer oKinematics/Dynamics oPLC Controll Engineer • Perception Engineer • Localization Engineer • Software Infrastructure Engineer • Robotics Computer Vision Engineer • Robotics Simulation engineer • Hardware engineer • ME/EE Engineer 

30 Typical Job Post Requirements Strong systems programming experience (C/C++/Rust) Experience with SLAM algorithms and robotics perception in general Team spirit; strong communication and collaboration skills Good time-management skills 

31 Soft skills • Multi-level thinker and communicator • Master learner • Adaptable 

32 Some Useful Online courses and self learning • Robotics Specialization Cousera (uPenn) • Robotics Software Engineer Nanodegree on Udacity • QUT Robot Academy QUT • CS223A - Introduction to Robotics • Northwestern University Modern Robotics: Mechanics, Planning, and Control Specialization • Awesome robotics Github • Awesome robotics Github 2 

33 References • How to become a robotics engineer • How to get started in Robotics by IEEE • IFR International Federation of Robotics • Introduction to Robotics Princeton University • IEEE RobotGuide 

Slides available at https://speakerdeck.com/abdulhafeez/intro-to-robotics THANK YOU