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iOSDC Japan 2019
2019 9/6(Fri) 13:30~14:00 TrackA
Swift
ΫϦʔϯίʔυ
Ξυϕϯνϟʔɹ
~ʑͷۤΛΓӽ͑ɺ͔֬ͳબΛ͢ΔͨΊʹ~
ը૾ͷϦϯΫ
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VISITS Technologiesגࣜձࣾ
shiz@stzn3
shiz(ͣ͠)
@shiz
stzn(shiz)
։ൃܦݧݴޠ:
Swift Kotlin Javascript PHP C#
Java Go…
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ΫϦʔϯ
ίʔυ
ը૾ͷϦϯΫ
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ΫϦʔϯίʔυ
ͱʁ
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Robert C. Martin
(Uncle Bob)
$MFBO$PEF")BOECPPLPG"HJMF4PGUXBSF$SBGUTNBOTIJQ $MFBO$PEFɹΞδϟΠϧιϑτΣΞୡਓͷٕ
https://blog.cleancoder.com
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ୡਓͨͪᐌ͘
ͻͱͭͷ͜ͱΛߦͬͯҙਤ͕໌֬ ޠΛಡΉΑ͏ʹಡΊΔ
ΤϨΨϯτͰޮ͕ྑ͍
ࣄ࣮ʹଈ͍ͯ͠ͳΕͳΒͳ͍
ҙຯΛ໊࣋ͬͨલ͕͋Δ
ґଘੑ࠷ݶͰ໌֬ʹఆٛ͞Ε͍ͯΔ
ಡΉͷʹେ͖ͳྗ͕ඞཁͳ͍
ڻ͖͕ͳ͍
ॏෳΛݮΒ͠ɺදݱྗΛߴΊɺ
୯७ͳநԽΛૣ͍࣌ظʹ࡞Γ͋͛Δ
খ͖͜͞ͱྑ͖͜ͱ
ݪ࡞ऀҎ֎ͷਓʹಡΉ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ɺ
֦ுͰ͖Δίʔυ
ৗʹ୭͔͕ؾΓΛ࣋ͬͯॻ͍͍ͯΔΑ͏ʹݟ͑Δ
Clean Code ΞδϟΠϧιϑτΣΞୡਓͷٕ Robert C. Martin(ஶ), ՖҪࢤੜ(༁)
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Uncle Bobᐌ͘
ಡΈ͍͢ίʔυ
Clean Code ΞδϟΠϧιϑτΣΞୡਓͷٕ Robert C. Martin(ஶ), ՖҪࢤੜ(༁)
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ը૾ͷϦϯΫ
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ΫϦʔϯίʔυಓ
“զʑ͕͍ࣗؒɺ͔֬Ͱ͋Δ
ͱߟ͖͑ͯͨ͜ͱͰ͢ɻԿेʹ
ΔܦݧͱτϥΠΞϯυΤϥʔͷ
ੵΈॏͶ͔ΒֶΜͩͷͰ͢ɻ”
Clean Code ΞδϟΠϧιϑτΣΞୡਓͷٕ Robert C. Martin(ஶ), ՖҪࢤੜ(༁)
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Θ͔Γ͍͢
҆શͰ͋Δ
มߋʹڧ͍
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Θ͔Γ͍͢
҆શͰ͋Δ
มߋʹڧ͍
ಡΈ͢͞ɺཧղͷ͢͠͞ etc
όά͕ൃੜͮ͠Β͍ɺςετ͕༰қ etc
मਖ਼࣌ͷӨڹൣғ͕ݶఆత
ػೳՃ࣌ͷطଘίʔυͷӨڹখ etc
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Kickstarter
ߏͷ౷Ұ(ViewModel Input,Output etc)
SingletonͰDIཧ(Environment)
ը໘ભҠͷूཧ(Router)
Playgroundۦಈ։ൃ
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Kickstarter ios-oss
https://github.com/kickstarter/ios-oss
POINT•FREE
https://www.pointfree.co/
objc.io iOS at Kickstarter
https://talk.objc.io/collections/ios-at-kickstarter
How to Control the World
https://vimeo.com/291588126
Reactive view models, simplified
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uTLG_LgjWGA
Kickstarter ios-ossߏͷղઆ
https://note.mu/yimajo/n/ne44c7945279a
RxSwiftݚڀಡຊ3 ViewModelઃܭύλʔϯೖ
https://booth.pm/ja/items/1223536
Kickstarter-iOSͷViewModelͷ࡞Γํ͕Ϛ͔ͬͨ
https://qiita.com/muukii0803/items/045b12405f7acff1a9fd
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ΫϦʔϯίʔυΛ
ॻ͘ʹʁ
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ը૾ͷϦϯΫ
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δΣωϦοΫ
۩ମతͳσʔλܕʹ
ґଘͤͣ൚༻తʹར༻Մ
ೳͳঢ়ଶ
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δΣωϦΫε
(generics)
GVODTXBQ5XP7BMVFT
5 @BJOPVU
5
@CJOPVU
5
GVODTXBQ5XP4USJOHT @BJOPVU4USJOH
@CJOPVU4USJOH
GVODTXBQ5XP%PVCMFT @BJOPVU%PVCMF
@CJOPVU%PVCMF
GVODTXBQ5XP*OUT @BJOPVU*OU
@CJOPVU*OU
https://docs.swift.org/swift-book/LanguageGuide/Generics.html
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Protocol
ը૾ͷϦϯΫ
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Protocol
ίϯύΠϧ࣌
δΣωϦΫεͷܕ੍
ܕ҆શɾ࠷దԽ
Static
࣮ߦ࣌
ܕͱͯ͠༻
Dynamic Dispatch
Dynamic
func F
(onlyOneType: P)
let types:[Protocol]
= [A(), B(), …]
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Protocol
ίϯύΠϧ࣌
δΣωϦΫεͷܕ੍
ܕ҆શɾ࠷దԽ
Static
࣮ߦ࣌
ܕͱͯ͠༻
Dynamic Dispatch
Dynamic
func F
(onlyOneType: P)
let types:[Protocol]
= [A(), B(), …]
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Protocol
ίϯύΠϧ࣌
δΣωϦΫεͷܕ੍
ܕ҆શɾ࠷దԽ
Static
࣮ߦ࣌
ܕͱͯ͠༻
Dynamic Dispatch
Dynamic
func F
(onlyOneType: P)
let types:[Protocol]
= [A(), B(), …]
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Start With
a Protocol
ϓϩτίϧ͔Β࢝ΊΑ
Protocol-Oriented Programming in Swift WWDC2015
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Start With
a Protocol
For Everything?
ͯ͢ϓϩτίϧ͔Β࢝ΊΑ?
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if you want to write a
generalized sort or
binary search…Don’t
start with a class. Start
with a protocol.
Protocol-Oriented Programming in Swift WWDC2015
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use value types, then if
you need polymorphism,
make them conform to
protocols. Avoid classes.
https://twitter.com/cocoaphony/status/1104114233288151043
ϙϦϞʔϑΟζϜ
ಉ໊͡લͷϝιουΛෳͷΫϥεͰ༻Ͱ͖ΔΑ͏ʹ͠ɺͦͷϝ
ιουΛ௨ͯ͠ɺ҉తʹෳͷΠϯελϯεͷಈ࡞ΛΓସ͑Δ
͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ΔΑ͏ʹ͢Δ͜ͱ
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…we considered a varied number of concrete
types first. …we’re thinking about a kind of
protocol that could join them all together. …it’s
important to think of things as this way around.
To start with some
concrete types, and then
try and unify them with a
protocol.
Swift Generics (Expanded) WWDC2018
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Don’t Literally
Start With a Protocol
Start with a concrete use cases
Discover a need for generic code
Try to compose solutions from
existing protocols first
Consider a generic type instead of a
protocol
Modern Swift API Design WWDC2019
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۩ମతղܾ
δΣωϦοΫͳղܾ
ݸʑͷ۩ମతΛղܾ͠
δΣωϦοΫͳղܾࡦΛநग़
۩ମతղܾ
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ը૾ͷϦϯΫ
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struct Item: Codable {
let id: Int
let name: String
}
struct User: Codable {
let id: Int
let name: String
}
struct Client {
let baseURL = URL(string: “…”)!
}
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extension Client {
func fetchItem(id: Int,
completion: @escaping
(Result) -> Void) {
let urlRequest = URLRequest(url: baseURL
.appendingPathComponent(“items")
.appendingPathComponent("\(id)")
)
let session = URLSession.shared
session.dataTask(with: urlRequest) { (data, _, error) in
if let error = error {
completion(.failure(error))
} else if let data = data {
let decoder = JSONDecoder()
completion(Result {
try decoder.decode(Item.self, from: data) })
}
}.resume()
}
}
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extension Client {
func fetchItem(id: Int,
completion: @escaping
(Result) -> Void)
{
let urlRequest = URLRequest(url: baseURL
.appendingPathComponent("items")
.appendingPathComponent("\(id)")
)
}
}
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extension Client {
func fetchItem(id: Int,
completion: @escaping
(Result) -> Void)
{
…
let session = URLSession.shared
session.dataTask(with: urlRequest) {
…
}.resume()
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extension Client {
func fetchItem(id: Int,
completion: @escaping
(Result) -> Void)
{
…
let decoder = JSONDecoder()
completion(Result {
try decoder.decode(Item.self,
from: data)
})
}
}
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extension Client {
func fetchUser(id: Int,
completion: @escaping
(Result) -> Void)
{
let urlRequest = URLRequest(url: baseURL
.appendingPathComponent(“users")
.appendingPathComponent("\(id)")
)
let session = URLSession.shared
session.dataTask(with: urlRequest) {
(data, _, error) in
if let error = error {
completion(.failure(error))
}
else if let data = data {
let decoder = JSONDecoder()
completion(Result {
try decoder.decode(User.self,
from: data)
})
}
}.resume()
}
}
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extension Client {
func fetch
Item(id: Int,
completion:
@escaping (Result<
Item, Error>) -> Void)
{
let urlRequest = URLRequest(url: baseURL
.appendingPathComponent("
items")
.appendingPathComponent("\(id)")
)
let session = URLSession.shared
session.dataTask(with: urlRequest) {
(data, _, error) in
if let error = error {
completion(.failure(error))
}
else if let data = data {
let decoder = JSONDecoder()
completion(Result {
try decoder.decode(
Item.self,
from: data)
})
}
}.resume()
}
}
extension Client {
func fetch
User(id: Int,
completion:
@escaping (Result<
User, Error>) -> Void)
{
let urlRequest = URLRequest(url: baseURL
.appendingPathComponent("
users")
.appendingPathComponent("\(id)")
)
let session = URLSession.shared
session.dataTask(with: urlRequest) {
(data, _, error) in
if let error = error {
completion(.failure(error))
}
else if let data = data {
let decoder = JSONDecoder()
completion(Result {
try decoder.decode(
User.self,
from: data)
})
}
}.resume()
}
}
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extension Client {
func fetch(
_: Model.Type,
id: Int,
completion: @escaping
(Result) -> Void) {
…
let decoder = JSONDecoder()
completion(Result {
try decoder.decode(Model.self,
from: data)
}
}
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extension Client {
func fetch(
_: Model.Type,
}
}
Client().fetch(id: 1) { … }
Client().fetch(id: 1) {
(result: Result) … }
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Client().fetch(id: 1) {
(result: Result) …
}
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Client().fetch(User.self, id: 1) { … }
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extension Client {
func fetch(
…) {
let urlRequest = URLRequest(url: baseURL
.appendingPathComponent(“???”)
.appendingPathComponent(“\(id)")
)
}
}
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protocol Fetchable: Decodable {
static var apiBase: String { get }
}
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extension User: Fetchable {
static var apiBase: String { return "users" }
}
extension Item: Fetchable {
static var apiBase: String { return “items" }
}
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let urlRequest = URLRequest(url: baseURL
.appendingPathComponent(Model.apiBase)
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extension User: Fetchable {
static var apiBase: String { return "users" }
}
extension Item: Fetchable {
static var apiBase: String { return “items" }
}
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Retroactive
Modeling
ݩͷιʔεʹΞΫηε͢
Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ͳ͍ܕͰ
ػೳΛ֦ு͢Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ
͖Δೳྗ
The swift programming language swift 5.1
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ը૾ͷϦϯΫ
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extension Client {
func fetch(
_: Model.Type, id: Int,
completion: @escaping (Result) -> Void) {
let urlRequest = URLRequest(url: baseURL
.appendingPathComponent(Model.apiBase)
.appendingPathComponent(“\(id)")
)
let session = URLSession.shared
session.dataTask(with: urlRequest) {
…
}.resume()
}
}
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protocol URLSessionProtocol {
func dataTask(with request: URLRequest,
completionHandler: @escaping
(Data?, URLResponse?, Error?) -> Void)
-> URLSessionDataTask
}
extension URLSession: URLSessionProtocol {}
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struct Client {
let session: URLSessionProtocol
init(session: URLSessionProtocol) {
self.session = session
}
}
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MockͷͨΊͷ
Protocol
Mock
ΦϒδΣΫτͷ฿
Protocol
δΣωϦοΫͳղܾ
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protocol URLSessionProtocol {
func dataTask(
with request: URLRequest,
completionHandler: @escaping
(Data?, URLResponse?, Error?) -> Void)
-> URLSessionDataTask
}
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protocol Transport {
func send(request: URLRequest,
completion: @escaping
(Result) -> Void)
}
URLRequest -> Result
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struct Client {
let transport: Transport
init(transport: Transport) {
self.transport = transport
}
}
func fetch(
transport.send(request: urlRequest) {
…
return try decoder.decode(Model.self,
from: result.get())
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extension URLSession: Transport {
func send(request: URLRequest,
completion: @escaping
(Result) -> Void) {
dataTask(with: request) { (data, _, error) in
if let error = error {
return completion(.failure(error))
}
if let data = data {
completion(.success(data))
}
}.resume()
}
}
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extension URLSession: Transport {
func send(request: URLRequest,
completion:
@escaping (Result) -> Void) {
}
}
Retroactive Modeling
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struct Client {
init(
transport: Transport = URLSession.shared
) { … }
}
let client = Client()
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sendϝιου͕།Ұͷػೳ
FoundationͷܕͷΈΛ༻
URLRequest, Result
Transport
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struct TransportWithToken: Transport {
let base: Transport
let token: String
func send(request: URLRequest,
completion: @escaping
(Result) -> Void) {
var newRequest = request
newRequest.addValue(token,
forHTTPHeaderField: "token")
base.fetch(request: newRequest,
completion: completion)
}
}
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final class TestTransport: Transport {
var requests: [Any] = []
var responseData: [Data]
init(responseData: [Data]) {
self.responseData = responseData
}
func send(…) {
requests.append(request)
guard let data
= responseData.removeFirst() else {
return completion(.success(data))
}
completion(.failure(…))
…
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protocol Request {
associatedtype Response: Fetchable
var baseURL: URL { get }
var path: String { get }
var httpMethod: HTTPMethod { get }
var parameters: [String: Any] { get }
}
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protocol Request {
associatedtype Response: Fetchable
var baseURL: URL { get }
var path: String { get }
var httpMethod: HTTPMethod { get }
var parameters: [String: Any] { get }
}
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protocol Transport {
func fetch(request: Request)
}
※associatedtype·ͨSelfΛ͏Protocol
δΣωϦΫεͷ੍ͱͯ͠༻Ͱ͖Δ͕
ܕͱͯ͠༻Ͱ͖ͳ͘ͳΔ
PAT(Protocol With AssociatedType)※
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protocol Transport {
func fetch(request: R)
}
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extension Client {
func multiFetch(requests: [R]) {
for request in requests {
transport.send(request: request)
}
}
}
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͜ͷProtocol
ྻͱͯ͠͏͔ʁ
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protocol Request {
func makeURLRequest()
throws -> URLRequest
}
protocol Transport {
func send(request: Request,
completion: @escaping
(Result) -> Void)
}
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struct TransportWithTokenRequest: Request {
let base: Request
let token: String
func makeURLRequest() throws -> URLRequest {
var newRequest = try base.makeURLRequest()
newRequest.addValue(token,
forHTTPHeaderField: "token")
return newRequest
}
}
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protocol Request {
func makeURLRequest()
throws -> URLRequest
}
ʁ
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ՄೳͳݶΓ
δΣωϦοΫʹ
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ը૾ͷϦϯΫ
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ը૾ͷϦϯΫ
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struct Item: Codable {
let id: Int
let name: String
}
struct User: Codable {
let id: Int
let name: String
}
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let itemId = 1
client.fetch(User.Type, id: itemId) { … }
❌
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struct Item: Codable {
let id: String
let name: String
}
func fetch(
_: Model.Type,
id: Int,
…
❌
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protocol Identifiable: Codable, Hashable {
associatedtype Value
var value: Value { get }
init(value: Value)
}
extension Identifiable {
init(_ value: Value) { self.init(value: value) }
}
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protocol Identifiable: Codable, Hashable {
associatedtype Value
var value: Value { get }
init(value: Value)
}
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let ids: [Identifiable] = [
User.ID(1),
Item.ID(“item-1”)
]
PAT(Protocol With AssociatedType)
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͜ͷProtocol
ྻͱͯ͠͏͔ʁ
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protocol Fetchable: Decodable {
associatedtype ID: Identifiable
}
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struct Item: Codable {
struct ID: Identifiable { let value: String }
let id: ID
}
struct User: Codable {
struct ID: Identifiable { let value: Int }
let id: ID
}
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func fetch(
_: Model.Type,
id: Model.ID,
…
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struct Item: Codable {
struct ID: Identifiable { let value: String }
let id: ID
}
struct User: Codable {
struct ID: Identifiable { let value: Int }
let id: ID
}
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func fetch(
_: Model.Type,
id: Model.ID,
…
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struct Item: Codable {
struct ID: Identifiable { let value: String }
let id: ID
}
struct User: Codable {
struct ID: Identifiable { let value: Int }
let id: ID
}
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struct Identifier
where Value: Codable & Hashable {
let value: Value
init(_ value: Value) { self.value = value }
}
extension Identifier: Codable, Hashable { … }
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protocol Fetchable: Decodable {
static var apiBase: String { get }
associatedtype IDType: Codable & Hashable
typealias ID = Identifier
var id: ID { get }
}
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struct Item: Codable {
typealias ID = Identifier
var id: ID { get }
}
struct User: Codable {
typealias ID = Identifier
var id: ID { get }
}
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func fetch(
_: Model.Type,
id: Model.ID,
…
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protocol Fetchable: Decodable {
associatedtype IDType: Codable
typealias ID = Identifier
var id: ID { get }
static var apiBase: String { get }
}
ࣝผࢠ(Identifier)Λ࣋ͭ
+
API͔Βσʔλऔಘ
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struct Item: Codable {
typealias = Identifier
let id: ID
}
struct User: Codable {
typealias = Identifier
let id: ID
}
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protocol Identifiable: Codable {
associatedtype IDType: Codable & Hashable
typealias ID = Identifier
var id: ID { get }
}
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protocol Fetchable: Identifiable {
static var apiBase: String { get }
}
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protocol Identifiable: Codable {
associatedtype IDType: Codable & Hashable
typealias ID = Identifier
var id: ID { get }
}
protocol Fetchable: Identifiable {
static var apiBase: String { get }
}
ࣝผࢠ(Identifier)Λ࣋ͭ
IDΛͬͯAPI͔Βσʔλऔಘ
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struct Item: Identifiable {
typealias IDType = String
let id: ID
…
}
struct User: Identifiable {
typealias IDType = Int
let id: ID
…
}
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POP
Protocol Oriented
Programming
Obsessed
※ Obsessed औΓጪ͔ΕΔ
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Don’t Literally
Start With a Protocol
Modern Swift API Design WWDC2019
Start with a concrete use cases
Discover a need for generic code
Try to compose solutions from existing
protocols first
Consider a generic type
instead of a protocol
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۩ମతղܾ -> δΣωϦοΫ
ղܾํ๏Λཧղͯ͠બ
Θ͔Γ͍͢ɺ҆શͰ͋Δ
มߋʹڧ͍
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ը૾ͷϦϯΫ
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ΫϦʔϯίʔυΛ
ॻ͖ଓ͚Δʹʁ
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ϘʔΠεΧτͷنଇ
ίʔυΛܧଓతʹ
վળ͍ͯ͘͠ϓϩҙࣝ
ίʔυԿચ࿅͠ͳ͚Εͳ
Γ·ͤΜ
Clean Code ΞδϟΠϧιϑτΣΞୡਓͷٕ Robert C. Martin(ஶ), ՖҪࢤੜ(༁)
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Ձମܥ˞͕ͦ͜ඪ
Ͱ͋Γɺ͜ͷຊͷ
ςʔϚͩͬͨͷͰ͢ɻ
Clean Code ΞδϟΠϧιϑτΣΞୡਓͷٕ Robert C. Martin(ஶ), ՖҪࢤੜ(༁)
※ࢥߟɾߦಈ͢Δࡍͷ͋Δಛఆͷ
ྖҬʹ͓͚ΔՁ؍ɾஅج४
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ը૾ͷϦϯΫ
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No content
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Configurable types
~ࣅͯඇͳΔίʔυΛڞ௨ʹѻ͏~
https://qiita.com/shiz/items/849e483338bd568cb6ab
۩ମతͳίʔυ͔Β࢝ΊΑ
~ࠓͷΛղܾ͠ɺδΣωϦοΫͳίʔυΛݟग़͢~
https://qiita.com/shiz/items/5755a35887bcb7897464
มԽʹରԠ͠ຊ࣭Λ࠶ൃݟ͢Δ
https://qiita.com/shiz/items/7b3bda7c2d84c5a83c0f
Kickstarter͔ΒֶͿ
~ΑΓྑ͍։ൃΛࢦͨ͢ΊͷΈͱʁ~
https://qiita.com/shiz/items/79c7b39f94f32e548df3
ProtocolߏจͷೖΕҎ্ͷଘࡏͰ͋Δ
https://qiita.com/shiz/items/da71d547b59c757cca94
ิهࣄ
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͋Γ͕ͱ͏͍͟͝·ͨ͠
ը૾ͷϦϯΫ
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Kickstarter ios-oss
Star with a protocol
A mockery of protocols
That’s not a number
From Problem to Solution
Protocol-Oriented Programming in Swift
Swift Generics (Expanded)
ࢀߟϦϯΫू
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Modern Swift API Design
The swift programming language swift 5.1 Exrtesions
Protocols are more than Bags of Syntax
Configurable types in Swift
ࢀߟϦϯΫू