TestContainers Integration testing without the hassle @antonarhipov

whoami Anton Arhipov @antonarhipov

Integration testing. Why it matters?

Integrated tests are a scam! J.B. Reinsberger http://jbrains.ca

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Verify how your software product will behave in real-world conditions

Real: databases, file systems, network interfaces, …

let me tell you a story…

1. Start application server (Tomcat, JBoss, etc) 2. Deploy v1 of web application 3. Verify the behaviour 4. Compile v2 of the same application 5. Verify the new behaviour A typical JRebel test

2. Deploy v1 of web application 3. Verify the behaviour 4. Compile v2 of the same application 5. Verify the new behaviour 6. Compile v3 of this application A typical JRebel test

3. Verify the behaviour 4. Compile v2 of the same application 5. Verify the new behaviour 6. Compile v3 of this application 7. Verify again A typical JRebel test

4. Compile v2 of the same application 5. Verify the new behaviour 6. Compile v3 of this application 7. Verify again 8. ??? A typical JRebel test

5. Verify the new behaviour 6. Compile v3 of this application 7. Verify again 8. ??? 9. Stop the application server & clean up A typical JRebel test

The requirements 1. Reproducible environment 2. Both for development and CI 3. Isolated 4. As real as possible 5. Cross-platform 6. Easy to set up, use & maintain

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Docker Compose FTW! redis:
 image: redis
 ports:
 - "6379:6379"
 postgres:
 image: postgres
 ports:
 - "5432:5432"
 elasticsearch:
 image: elasticsearch:5.0.0
 ports:
 - "9200:9200"


No ports randomization :( redis:
 image: redis
 ports:
 - "6379:6379"
 postgres:
 image: postgres
 ports:
 - "5432:5432"
 elasticsearch:
 image: elasticsearch:5.0.0
 ports:
 - "9200:9200"


Fighting with Docker environment

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How does it work? Wraps https://github.com/docker-java/docker-java Docker environment discovery Will start docker-machine if it’s not started yet Containers cleanup on JVM shutdown

As simple as GenericContainer redis = new GenericContainer("redis:3.0.6") .withExposedPorts(6379); PostgreSQLContainer postgreSQLContainer = new PostgreSQLContainer("postgres:9.6.2") .withUsername(POSTGRES_USERNAME) .withPassword(POSTGRES_PASSWORD);

https://github.com/testcontainers/testcontainers-java

Docker Compose? - Yes! public static DockerComposeContainer env = new DockerComposeContainer( new File("src/test/resources/compose-test.yml")) .withExposedService("redis_1", REDIS_PORT); String url = env.getServiceHost("redis_1", REDIS_PORT); Integer port = env.getServicePort("redis_1", REDIS_PORT); Jedis jedis = new Jedis(url, port);

good job! show me more!

Testing of microservices REST service Java, Spring Boot Redis and PostgreSQL Calls some other micro-services

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) @SpringBootTest(classes = DemoApplication.class, webEnvironment = WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT) @ContextConfiguration(initializers = AbstractIntegrationTest.Initializer.class) public abstract class AbstractIntegrationTest { @ClassRule public static PostgreSQLContainer postgreSql = new PostgreSQLContainer(); @ClassRule public static GenericContainer redis = new GenericContainer("redis:3.0.6") .withExposedPorts(6379); @ClassRule public static MockServerContainer mockServer = new MockServerContainer(); public static class Initializer implements ApplicationContextInitializer { @Override public void initialize(ConfigurableApplicationContext configurableApplicationContext) { EnvironmentTestUtils.addEnvironment(configurableApplicationContext, "spring.database.url=" + postgreSql.getJdbcUrl(), "spring.database.username=" + postgreSql.getUsername(), "spring.database.password=" + postgreSql.getPassword(), "spring.redis.host=" + redis.getContainerIpAddress(), "spring.redis.port=" + redis.getMappedPort(6379), "spring.redis.port=" + mockServer.getContainerIpAddress() + ":" + mockServer.getMappedPort(8080) ); } } } Still using all the Spring goodies!

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) @SpringBootTest(classes = DemoApplication.class, webEnvironment = WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT) @ContextConfiguration(initializers = AbstractIntegrationTest.Initializer.class) public abstract class AbstractIntegrationTest { @ClassRule public static PostgreSQLContainer postgreSql = new PostgreSQLContainer(); @ClassRule public static GenericContainer redis = new GenericContainer("redis:3.0.6") .withExposedPorts(6379); @ClassRule public static MockServerContainer mockServer = new MockServerContainer(); public static class Initializer implements ApplicationContextInitializer { @Override public void initialize(ConfigurableApplicationContext configurableApplicationContext) { EnvironmentTestUtils.addEnvironment(configurableApplicationContext, "spring.database.url=" + postgreSql.getJdbcUrl(), "spring.database.username=" + postgreSql.getUsername(), "spring.database.password=" + postgreSql.getPassword(), "spring.redis.host=" + redis.getContainerIpAddress(), "spring.redis.port=" + redis.getMappedPort(6379), "spring.redis.port=" + mockServer.getContainerIpAddress() + ":" + mockServer.getMappedPort(8080) ); } } } External dependencies

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) @SpringBootTest(classes = DemoApplication.class, webEnvironment = WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT) @ContextConfiguration(initializers = AbstractIntegrationTest.Initializer.class) public abstract class AbstractIntegrationTest { @ClassRule public static PostgreSQLContainer postgreSql = new PostgreSQLContainer(); @ClassRule public static GenericContainer redis = new GenericContainer("redis:3.0.6") .withExposedPorts(6379); @ClassRule public static MockServerContainer mockServer = new MockServerContainer(); public static class Initializer implements ApplicationContextInitializer { @Override public void initialize(ConfigurableApplicationContext configurableApplicationContext) { EnvironmentTestUtils.addEnvironment(configurableApplicationContext, "spring.database.url=" + postgreSql.getJdbcUrl(), "spring.database.username=" + postgreSql.getUsername(), "spring.database.password=" + postgreSql.getPassword(), "spring.redis.host=" + redis.getContainerIpAddress(), "spring.redis.port=" + redis.getMappedPort(6379), "spring.redis.port=" + mockServer.getContainerIpAddress() + ":" + mockServer.getMappedPort(8080) ); } } } Setting up Spring Boot environment

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public class MockServerContainer> extends GenericContainer { public MockServerContainer() { super("jamesdbloom/mockserver:latest"); addExposedPorts(8080); } private MockServerClient client; @Override protected void containerIsStarted(InspectContainerResponse containerInfo) { super.containerIsStarted(containerInfo); client = new MockServerClient(getContainerIpAddress(), getMappedPort(getExposedPorts().get(0))); } }

public class MockServerContainer> extends GenericContainer { public MockServerContainer() { super("jamesdbloom/mockserver:latest"); addExposedPorts(8080); } private MockServerClient client; @Override protected void containerIsStarted(InspectContainerResponse containerInfo) { super.containerIsStarted(containerInfo); client = new MockServerClient(getContainerIpAddress(), getMappedPort(getExposedPorts().get(0))); } }

Isolated from other system components to avoid false negatives

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Docker as Selenium driver Selenium/Selenide tests No need to install Chrome/Firefox/etc CI friendly

@Rule public BrowserWebDriverContainer chrome = new BrowserWebDriverContainer() .withDesiredCapabilities(DesiredCapabilities.chrome()) .withRecordingMode(RECORD_ALL, new File("target"));

@Rule public BrowserWebDriverContainer chrome = new BrowserWebDriverContainer() .withDesiredCapabilities(DesiredCapabilities.chrome()) .withRecordingMode(RECORD_ALL, new File("target")); RemoteWebDriver driver = chrome.getWebDriver(); driver.get("https://wikipedia.org"); WebElement searchInput = driver.findElementByName("search"); searchInput.sendKeys("Rick Astley"); searchInput.submit(); WebElement otherPage = driver.findElementByLinkText("Rickrolling"); otherPage.click(); boolean expectedTextFound = driver.findElementsByCssSelector("p") .stream() .anyMatch(element -> element.getText().contains("meme")); assertTrue("The word 'meme' is found on a page about rickrolling", expectedTextFound); import org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver;

@Rule public BrowserWebDriverContainer chrome = new BrowserWebDriverContainer() .withDesiredCapabilities(DesiredCapabilities.chrome()) .withRecordingMode(RECORD_ALL, new File("target")); RemoteWebDriver driver = chrome.getWebDriver(); driver.get("https://wikipedia.org"); WebElement searchInput = driver.findElementByName("search"); searchInput.sendKeys("Rick Astley"); searchInput.submit(); WebElement otherPage = driver.findElementByLinkText("Rickrolling"); otherPage.click(); boolean expectedTextFound = driver.findElementsByCssSelector("p") .stream() .anyMatch(element -> element.getText().contains("meme")); assertTrue("The word 'meme' is found on a page about rickrolling", expectedTextFound);

NOT BAD NOT BAD AT ALL!

Java agent testing Test different Java versions Simplify I/O testing The actual reason why ZeroTurnaround uses TestContainers :) DEMO https://github.com/bsideup/javaagent-boilerplate

import java.lang.instrument.ClassFileTransformer; import java.lang.instrument.Instrumentation; public class Agent { public static void premain(String args, Instrumentation inst) throws Exception { inst.addTransformer(new ClassFileTransformer { // here be dragons }); } } $> java –javaagent:agent.jar application.Main META-INF/MANIFEST.MF Premain-Class: Agent

public static void premain(String args, Instrumentation instrumentation) { instrumentation.addTransformer(new ClassFileTransformer() { @Override public byte[] transform(ClassLoader loader, String className, Class> classBeingRedefined, ProtectionDomain protectionDomain, byte[] classfileBuffer) throws IllegalClassFormatException { if ("spark/webserver/JettyHandler".equals(className)) { try { ClassPool cp = new ClassPool(); cp.appendClassPath(new LoaderClassPath(loader)); CtClass ct = cp.makeClass(new ByteArrayInputStream(classfileBuffer)); CtMethod ctMethod = ct.getDeclaredMethod("doHandle"); ctMethod.insertBefore("{ $4.setHeader(\"X-My-Super-Header\", \"header value\"); }"); return ct.toBytecode(); } catch (Throwable e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } return classfileBuffer; } }); }

public static void premain(String args, Instrumentation instrumentation) { instrumentation.addTransformer(new ClassFileTransformer() { @Override public byte[] transform(ClassLoader loader, String className, Class> classBeingRedefined, ProtectionDomain protectionDomain, byte[] classfileBuffer) throws IllegalClassFormatException { if ("spark/webserver/JettyHandler".equals(className)) { try { ClassPool cp = new ClassPool(); cp.appendClassPath(new LoaderClassPath(loader)); CtClass ct = cp.makeClass(new ByteArrayInputStream(classfileBuffer)); CtMethod ctMethod = ct.getDeclaredMethod("doHandle"); ctMethod.insertBefore("{ $4.setHeader(\"X-My-Super-Header\", \"header value\"); }"); return ct.toBytecode(); } catch (Throwable e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } return classfileBuffer; } }); }

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public class AgentTest { @ClassRule public static BasicTestApp app = new BasicTestApp(); @Test public void testIt() throws Exception { Response response = app.getClient().getHello(); System.out.println("Got response:\n" + response); assertThat(response.headers().get("X-My-Super-Header")) .isNotNull() .hasSize(1) .containsExactly("header value"); } } A custom container

public class AgentTest { @ClassRule public static BasicTestApp app = new BasicTestApp(); @Test public void testIt() throws Exception { Response response = app.getClient().getHello(); System.out.println("Got response:\n" + response); assertThat(response.headers().get("X-My-Super-Header")) .isNotNull() .hasSize(1) .containsExactly("header value"); } } Verify, if the new behaviour is there

https://github.com/bsideup/javaagent-boilerplate

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anton@zeroturnaround.com @antonarhipov