GraphQL: Client-Driven Development

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GraphQL: Client-Driven Development Dan Schafer Software Engineer, Facebook @dlschafer

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https://facebook.github.io/react/blog/2015/05/01/graphql-introduction.html

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Product-centric: GraphQL is unapologetically driven by the requirements of views and the front-end engineers that write them. We start with their way of thinking and requirements and build the language and runtime necessary to enable that. https://facebook.github.io/react/blog/2015/05/01/graphql-introduction.html

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History of GraphQL July ’15 Aug ’12 Evolution Open Source Feb ’12 May ’17 Prototype

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History of GraphQL Aug ’12 Prototype Feb ’12

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Think Graphs, not Endpoints Single Source of Truth Thin API layer

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Jan ’12 Prototype iOS Client {stories: {…}} SELECT * FROM stories Server

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Jan ’12 Prototype iOS Client {stories: {…}} SELECT * FROM stories Server SELECT stories.id, stories.title, users.name, COUNT(likers.id) FROM stories LEFT JOIN users ON users.id = stories.author_id LEFT JOIN likers ON likers.post_id = stories.id LIMIT 10

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Jan ’12 Prototype iOS Client {stories: {…}} SELECT * FROM stories Server

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Jan ’12 Prototype iOS Client FQL Business Logic  +  Storage Layer {stories: {…}} SELECT * FROM stories

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Feb ’12 Prototype iOS Client Business Logic  +  Storage Layer {stories: {…}} stories.fields(title)

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Feb ’12 Prototype iOS Client GQL Business Logic  +  Storage Layer {stories: {…}} stories.fields(title)

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Think Graphs, not Endpoints Single Source of Truth Thin API layer

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History of GraphQL July ’15 Aug ’12 Evolution

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1. SCALING MODELS 2. SCALING VIEWS 3. SCALING THE APP

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query { me { name profilePicture { width height url } } }

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nickname profilePicture { width height url } } } query { me { name

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CoreData XML Files

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Generated Code

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Codegen

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query { me { name profilePicture { height width uri } } } Codegen

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query { me { name profilePicture { height width uri } } } Codegen

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Static Queries (a.k.a. .graphql ﬁles)

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FBGraphQLNode *user = [self graphQLNode]; [user addField:FBUserFields.name expectedType:kFBGraphQLTypeString]; return user; Code Reuse

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FBGraphQLNode *user = [self graphQLNode]; [user addField:FBUserFields.name expectedType:kFBGraphQLTypeString]; FBAttachProfilePictureGraphQLSubnode(user); return user; Code Reuse

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query { me { name profilePicture { height width uri } } }

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query { me { name ...ProfilePicture } }

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Codegen → Fragments for Code Reuse

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query { me { name ...ProfilePicture } } fragment ProfilePicture on User { profilePicture { height width uri } }

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query { me { name profilePicture { height width uri } } }

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Client-Driven Development

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1. SCALING MODELS 2. SCALING VIEWS 3. SCALING THE APP

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CoreData XML Files

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CoreData XML Files

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React

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Litho

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Flux

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Flux Dispatcher Action Store View Action

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GraphQL Clients circa 2013 Dispatcher Action Store View Action GraphQL  Queries

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GraphQL Clients circa 2013 Dispatcher Action Store View Action GraphQL  Queries GraphQL  Engine

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GraphQL Clients circa 2013 Dispatcher Action Store View Action GraphQL  Queries GraphQL  Engine Immutable  Model  Store

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GraphQL Clients circa 2013 Dispatcher Action Store View Action GraphQL  Queries GraphQL  Engine Immutable  Model  Store Reactive  Views

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GraphQL Clients circa 2013 GraphQL  Engine GraphQL  Queries Immutable  Model  Store Reactive  Views GraphQL  Mutations

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Flux → GraphQL Mutations

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“Why top level mutations?”

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“Why actions and not CRUD?”

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GraphQL Clients circa 2013 GraphQL  Engine GraphQL  Queries Immutable  Model  Store Reactive  Views GraphQL  Mutations

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Mutations

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Mutations?

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Client-Driven Development

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true POST /1/like/ {page:{likers:{count:1}}} {page(id:1){likers{count}}}

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true POST /1/like/ {page:{likers:{count:1}}} {page(id:1){likers{count}}} Batch API

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REST Response REST POST Query Response GraphQL Query Batch API Client Shim GraphQL Mutation Mutation Response

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Incrementally Add Value

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{ "page_like": { "graph_endpoint": { "method": "POST", "url": { "format": "%@/likes", "variables": ["${page_id}"] }, "params": { "analytics": "JSON(${analytics})" } }, "input": { "page_id": "String!", "analytics": "[String!]" }, "payload": { "page": { "type": "Page", "query": "{node($id){...Contents}}", "query_variables": { "id": "${page_id}" } } } } } mutations.json

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mutation PageLikeMutation( $page_id: String!, $analytics: [String!] ) { page_like(page_id: $page_id, analytics: $analytics) { page { id likers { count } } } }

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+ (FBNetworkerRequest *)requestWithInput:(FBPageLikeInputData *)input withGraphQLQuery:(FBGraphQLRequest *)query { NSString *path = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@/likes", input.pageId]; FBGraphRequest *mutationRequest = [[FBGraphRequest alloc] initWithPath:path]; FBGraphBatchRequest *batchRequest = [[FBGraphBatchRequest alloc] initWithRequest:mutationRequest]; FBGraphQLRequest *queryRequest = [[FBGraphQLRequest alloc] initWithQuery:query]; [batchRequest addGraphRequest:queryRequest]; return batchRequest; } Auto-Generated Code Auto-Generated Code

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1. SCALING MODELS 2. SCALING VIEWS 3. SCALING THE APP

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Declarative!

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Declarative…ish

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https://wincent.com/blog/relay-modern

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One of the big ideas was query colocation — the notion that you should be able to specify your data requirements for each view component inside the view itself and that the framework should transparently handle aggregation and efficient fetching. https://wincent.com/blog/relay-modern

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Colocation!

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Fragments for Code Reuse

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Fragments as a Primitive

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type User { name: String! profilePicture(size: Int = 50): ProfilePicture friends(first: Int): [User!]! events(first: Int): [Event!]! }

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type User { name: String! profilePicture(size: Int = 50): ProfilePicture friends(first: Int): [User!]! events(first: Int): [Event!]! } type User = {| name: string, profilePicture: ?ProfilePicture, friends: Array, events: Array, |};

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type User = {| name: string, profilePicture: ?ProfilePicture, friends: Array, events: Array, |}; type User { name: String! profilePicture(size: Int = 50): ProfilePicture friends(first: Int): [User!]! events(first: Int): [Event!]! }

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query { me { profilePicture { uri } } }

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type User = {| name: ?string, profilePicture: ?ProfilePicture, friends: ?Array, events: ?Array, |}; type User { name: String! profilePicture(size: Int = 50): ProfilePicture friends(first: Int): [User!]! events(first: Int): [Event!]! }

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query Timeline { me { displayName: name } } query Bookmarks { me { displayName: nickname } }

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type User = {| displayName: ?string |}; query Timeline { me { displayName: name } } query Bookmarks { me { displayName: nickname } }

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query ProfilePic { me { pic: profilePicUri } } query CoverPhoto { me { pic: coverPhoto { uri } } }

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type User = {| pic: any |}; query ProfilePic { me { pic: profilePicUri } } query CoverPhoto { me { pic: coverPhoto { uri } } }

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Type Models

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Type Models

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Fragments as a Primitive

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fragment UserWithPic on User { profilePicture { uri } }

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type UserWithPic = {| profilePicture: ?ProfilePicture |}; type ProfilePicture = {| uri: string |}; fragment UserWithPic on User { profilePicture { uri } }

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Fragment Models

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History of GraphQL July ’15 Open Source May ’17

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Future of GraphQL Open Source

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query { me { name nickname } }

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query { me { name nickname # Only if in nickname test group } }

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query { me { name nickname(if: $in_nickname_test) } }

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query { me { name nickname @include(if: $in_nickname_test) } }

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@future

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Client-Driven Development

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GraphQL: Client-Driven Development Dan Schafer Software Engineer, Facebook @dlschafer