Web Application Hardening

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8FC"QQMJDBUJPO)BSEFOJOHᶃ ,P'VKJXBSB ౻ݪ޼ ϓϥοτϑΥʔϜηΩϡϦςΟάϧʔϓ

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XIPBNJ ‣౻ݪ޼ ,P'VKJXBSB ‣೥౓৽ଔೖࣾ೥໨ ‣J04։ൃΛத৺ʹ΍ͬͯ·͢ ࠓ೥͸8FCηΩϡϦςΟ΋৮Δ༧ఆ

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)BSEFOJOHͱ͸ʁ 8FC"QQMJDBUJPO)BSEFOJOH ΢ΣϒΞϓϦέʔγϣϯΛ ݎ࿚ʹ͢Δ

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)BSEFOJOHͱ͸ʁ ͢΂ͯͷ੬ऑੑΛҰܸͰແޮԽ͢Δख๏

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)BSEFOJOHͱ͸ʁ 8FC"QQMJDBUJPO)BSEFOJOH ΢ΣϒΞϓϦέʔγϣϯΛ ݎ࿚ʹ͢Δ ཁ݅Λຬͨͭͭ͠

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͜ͷݚमͷ֓ཁ ‣ΞϓϦͷཁ݅Λຬͨͭͭ͠ɺݎ࿚ʹ͠·͢ ‣ΦϦδφϧͷ8FCΞϓϦͷ੬ऑੑΛ୳͠ग़͠ɺνʔϜʹ෼͔Εͯ मਖ਼͠·͢ ‣ߨٛͷճ໨ͷޙ൒ɺमਖ਼ͨ͠8FCΞϓϦʹߨࢣਞ͕߈ܸΛ࢓ֻ͚ ͯɺमਖ਼ঢ়گΛϞχλϦϯά͠·͢ɻ

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ߨٛͷεέδϡʔϧ ۚ ߨٛͷઆ໌ ੬ऑੑͷௐࠪ ͓னٳΈ ੬ऑੑͷௐࠪ ਫ ੬ऑੑͷमਖ਼ ͓னٳΈ ੬ऑੑͷमਖ਼ ੬ऑੑͷղઆ ߨٛͷઆ໌ ੬ऑੑͷௐࠪ

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8FCΞϓϦʹ͍ͭͯ ‣QIQͰ࡞ΒΕͨ؆қ&$αΠτ ‣ιʔείʔυ͸HIF্Ͱ͓͍͍ͯ·͢ɻ .BJMIPH GUQ

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$IFDL$IFDL ؀ڥߏஙόοΫΤϯυͷมߋ൓ө

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ϩʔΧϧ؀ڥͷ੔උ֤छίϚϯυͷΠϯετʔϧ ‣%PDLFS $ brew install docker $ brew install docker --cask $ open Applicaions/Docker.app ‣OQN $ brew install npm

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ϩʔΧϧ؀ڥͷ੔උόοΫΤϯυͷ४උ $ git clone URL $ cd ponkotsu_store_2021 $ make install $ make build $ make start

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$IFDLϩάΠϯͰ͖Δ͔֬ೝͯ͠Έ·͠ΐ͏ ‣OBNFBENJO QBTTXPSEBENJO ‣͜Ε͕ऴΘͬͨΒ৽نొ࿥΍঎඼ͷߪೖͳͲ΋ࢼͯ͠Έ·͠ΐ͏ɻ

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$IFDLϩʔΧϧͷมߋ͕൓ө͞ΕΔ͔֬ೝͯ͠Έ·͠ΐ͏ ‣-PHJO$POUSPMMFSQIQͷʮϢʔβʔ໊·ͨ͸ύεϫʔυ͕ؒҧͬ ͍ͯ·͢ʯΛ޷͖ͳจࣈྻʹॻ͖׵͑ͯΈ·͠ΐ͏ ؒҧ͑ͨJEQBTTͰϩάΠϯ͠Α͏ͱ͢Δͱग़Δɻ

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$IFDL ϑϩϯτΤϯυ

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ϩʔΧϧ؀ڥͷ੔උWVFͷιʔείʔυΛมߋͨ࣌͠ $ cd ponkotsu_store_2021 $ # ͜͜ͰιʔείʔυΛมߋ͢Δɻ $ make npmbuild

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$IFDLWVFͷιʔείʔυΛมߋͯ͠ΈΑ͏ ‣NBLFOQNCVJMEΛ๨Εͳ͍Α͏ʹʂ ‣TVQFSSFMPBE $PNNBOETIJGUS ͠ͳ͍ͱ൓ө͠ͳ͍͔΋ ‣-PHJO$PNQPOFOUWVFͷϑΝΠϧΛॻ͖׵͑ͯΈΑ͏ ͜͜ͷจࣈΛม͑ΒΕΔ

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$IFDL ίϯςφ಺Ͱͷ࡞ۀ

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ϩʔΧϧ؀ڥͷ੔උόοΫΤϯυͷ४උ $ # make start # (͢Ͱʹstart͍ͯ͠ΔͳΒলུՄೳ) $ make attach /var/www/laravel # ͜͜Ͱ޷͖ͳίϚϯυΛೖྗ͢Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δɻ

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$IFDLίϯςφ಺ͰίϚϯυΛ࣮ߦͯ͠ΈΑ͏ /var/www/laravel # php artisan tinker

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$IFDL ϛυϧ΢ΣΞઃఆͷมߋ

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"QBDIF౳ͷมߋɺ%#ͷ4FFEมߋΛͨ͠৔߹ɺEPDLFSCVJME͕ඞཁ $ cd ponkotsu_store_2021 $ # ϛυϧ΢ΣΞͷઃఆมߋ౳ $ make dockerbuild $ make restart QIQϑΝΠϧͷมߋɺWVFϑΝΠϧͷมߋͰ͸CVJME͸ෆཁͰ͢ɻ Ϛ΢ϯτ͍ͯ͠ΔͷͰ

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$IFDLBQBDIFϑΝΠϧΛมߋͯ͠൓ө͞ΕΔ͔֬ೝͯ͠ΈΑ͏ %PDVNFOU3PPUΛWBSXXXMBSBWFMQVCMJD͔Β WBSXXXMBSBWFMʹมߋͯ͠ΈΔ MPDBMIPTUͰ͸'PSCJEEFO QVCMJDMPHJOͰ͸ϩάΠϯը໘͕ग़Δ BQBDIFQPOLPUTV@TUPSFDPOG

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αʔόʔΛམͱ͍ͨ͠ͱ͖

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αʔόʔΛམͱ͍ͨ࣌͠ $ make clean ‣ҎԼίϚϯυͰίϯςφ͕SN͞Ε·͢ɻ ‣Πϝʔδ͸࢒Γ·͢ɻ ΠϝʔδΛফ͍ͨ͠৔߹͸.BLFpMF͍͡Δ͔ EPDLFSίϚϯυୟ͍͍ͯͩ͘͞

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$IFDL ϦϞʔτ؀ڥʹσϓϩΠͯ͠ΈΑ͏

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$IFDLϦϞʔτ؀ڥʹσϓϩΠͯ͠ΈΑ͏ ‣HIFʹίϛοτ͢Δͱɺࣗಈతʹαʔόʔ͕ߋ৽͞Ε·͢ɻ ‣͍··ͰͷมߋΛࢼ͠ʹQVTIͯ͠൓өͤͯ͞Έ·͠ΐ͏ ‣஫ϑϩϯτ͸BQQKTΛNBLFOQNCVJMEͯ͠DPNNJUQVTI͢Δඞཁ͕͋Γ·͢ɻ

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ͱΓ͋͑ͣ͜͜·Ͱ௨Ε͹0, 👍 ͦͷଞͳʹ͔ࠔͬͨ͜ͱ͕͋Ε͹ ؾܰʹݺΜͰ͍ͩ͘͞ɻ

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⾠஫ҙࣄ߲ ‣ଞͷडߨੜʹରͯ͠߈ܸΛ࢓ֻ͚ͳ͍͜ͱ ‣ීஈͷύεϫʔυ΍ϝʔϧΞυϨεΛ࢖༻͠ͳ͍͜ͱ ‣ߨٛͷճ౴͸ൿີʹ͢Δ͜ͱ (JU)VCͳͲͰ؅ཧ͢Δ৔߹͸1SJWBUFʹ͍ͯͩ͘͠͞ɻ ‣͜ͷߨٛͷࣗश͸ɺଞͷߨٛதʹ͠ͳ͍Ͱ͍ͩ͘͞ʂ

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ݕࠪର৅ͱ͢Δ੬ऑੑ ࣈ͕খ͍͞ͷͰखݩͰ֬ೝ͍ͯͩ͘͠͞ ‣ݕࠪର৅͸5$1͔ΒΞΫηεͰ͖Δɺ.BJM)PHΛআ͍ͨ͢΂ͯͷػೳʹͳΓ·͢ɻ ࣮ࡍʹ͸ϝʔϧ͸ૹ৴͞Ε͍ͯ·ͤΜ͕ɺૹ৴͞Ε͍ͯΔͱࢥͬͯ։ൃ͍ͯͩ͘͠͞ɻ ‣ຊߨٛͰ͸ɺϏδωεϦεΫ͕ߴ͍੬ऑੑͷΈΛର৅ͱ͍ͯ͠·͢ ಛʹهࡌ͞Ε͍ͯͳ͍৔߹ɺ؅ཧऀ͕8FCΛૢ࡞ͯ͠Ͱ͖Δ΋ͷ΋ؚΈ·͢ɻ ೚ҙίʔυ࣮ߦͳͲ w ೚ҙίʔυ࣮ߦ w ೚ҙ04ίϚϯυ࣮ߦ w ҰൠϢʔβʔʹଞͷϢʔβʔͷݸਓ৘ใ͕࿙Ӯ ϝʔϧΞυϨεɺύεϫʔυ w ଞͷϢʔβʔͷฏจύεϫʔυ͕࿙Ӯ w σʔλϕʔεෆਖ਼ૢ࡞ w ଞਓͷϢʔβʔʹͳΓ͢·ͯ͠঎඼͕ߪೖͰ͖Δ w ࢒ߴΛෆਖ਼ʹૢ࡞͢Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δ w ෆਖ਼ͳߪೖ ࢒ߴෆ଍ͳͷʹߪೖͰ͖ΔͳͲ w αʔόʔͷ೚ҙϑΝΠϧ͕ಡΈग़ͤΔ ྫFOWϑΝΠϧ΍FUDQBTTXEϑΝΠϧ͕ಡΈग़ͤͨΒμϝ w ଞͷϢʔβʔͷϒϥ΢βͰ೚ҙͷKBWBTDSJQU͕࣮ߦͰ͖Δ w ଞਓͷύεϫʔυΛมߋ͢Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δ

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ؾʹ͠ͳ͍ऑ఺ ‣ҎԼͷऑ఺͕ଘࡏͯ͠΋औΓѻ͍͸͠·ͤΜɻ wτʔΫϯ͕ແظݶ࢖༻Մೳ wτʔΫϯ͕࠶ར༻Մೳ w$PPLJF͕)5510OMZͰ͸ͳ͍ w$43'τʔΫϯ͕ͳ͍ wαʔόʔͷϦιʔεΛա৒ফඅ͢Δ͜ͱʹΑΔ%P4߈ܸ wηογϣϯτʔΫϯ͕ແظݶ࢖༻Մೳ wϩάΠϯ࠶ࢼߦ࣌ؒͷ੍ݶ͕ͳ͍

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$IFDL ੬ऑੑΛҰͭݟ͚ͭͯΈΑ͏

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‣ͳʹ͔Ұͭ੬ऑੑΛݟ͚ͭͨΒڭ͑ͯԼ͍͞ ʢ؆୯ͳ΋ͷͰେৎ෉Ͱ͢ʣ ‣͍··ͰͷνΣοΫϙΠϯτ͕Ұ௨Γ໰୊ͳ͍͔ͷ࠶֬ೝͰ͢ $IFDL੬ऑੑΛҰͭݟ͚ͭͯΈΑ͏

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͓·͚

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)JOU ύε ϝιου ϏδωεϦεΫ͕ߴ͍੬ऑੑͷ਺ BQJMPHJO 1045 BQJDSFBUF 1045 BQJTFBSDI 1045 BQJVTFSBMM (&5 BQJCVZ 1045 BQJGPSHFUSFTFUQBTT 1045 BQJJNBHF (&5 BQJHPPET\JE^ (&5 BQJSFWJFX 1045 BQJPQUJPO 165 BQJNBHJDMJOLTFOE 1045 ͦͷଞ

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8FC"QQͷ࢓༷ॻ ΞϓϦͷ࢓༷͸େࡶ೺ͳ΋ͷͰ͢ ΞϓϦΛݎ࿚ʹ͢Δ্Ͱඞཁ͕͋Ε͹ɺ࢓༷͝ͱมߋͯ͠ߏ͍·ͤΜɻ ͋·Γʹେ͖͗͢Δ࢓༷มߋ͸ݮ఺ʹͳΔՄೳੑ͕͋Γ·͢ɻ ΞϓϦͷςετ͸ਓྗͰߦ͏ͷͰɺਓྗͰಉ౳ͷૢ࡞Λߦͬͯಉ౳ͷ݁Ռ͕ಘΒΕΕ͹0,ͱ͠·͢ɻ OPUF

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ը໘ભҠ

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༗ޮͳ ηογϣϯ*%Λ ͍࣋ͬͯͳ͍৔߹ '4ϩάΠϯը໘ '4Ϣʔβʔ࡞੒ը໘ '4ύεϫʔυ๨Εը໘ '4ϚδοΫϦϯΫૹ৴

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ϩάΠϯϘλϯ ΫϦοΫ ༗ޮͳ ηογϣϯ*%Λ ͍࣋ͬͯΔ৔߹ '4؅ཧऀը໘ '4ϝʔϧຊจઃఆը໘ '4ϩάΠϯը໘ '4Ϣʔβʔϖʔδ '4τοϓը໘ '4঎඼ৄࡉϖʔδ '4ߪೖը໘

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"1*࢓༷ େࡶ೺ͳ΋ͷͳͷͰɺࢀߟఔ౓ʹ

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'4ϩάΠϯը໘ MPHJO ‣ ϩάΠϯ໊ͱύεϫʔυͰϩάΠϯՄೳͱ͢Δ ‣ ϩάΠϯϘλϯΛԡ͢ͱɺϩάΠϯΛϙετ͢Δ ‣ ϩάΠϯ ' ͕ਖ਼ৗऴྃͨ͠Βτοϓը໘ '4 ʹભҠ͢Δ ‣ ϩάΠϯ ' ͕ҟৗऴྃͨ͠Βฦ٫͞ΕͨΤϥʔจݴΛදࣔ͢Δ ‣ τοϓը໘ '4 ʹભҠ͢Δ

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'ϩάΠϯ"1* 1045BQJMPHJO 1045BQJMPHJO ϦΫΤετϘσΟ VTFSϩάΠϯ໊ ඞਢɾจࣈྻ QBTTXPSEύεϫʔυ ඞਢɾจࣈྻ Ϩεϙϯείʔυ ਖ਼ৗऴྃ ҟৗऴྃ ϨεϙϯεϘσΟ ਖ਼ৗऴྃ࣌ TFTTJPO@JEηογϣϯ*% BENJO؅ཧऀ ͦΕҎ֎ ҟৗऴྃ࣌ NFTTBHFࣦഊཧ༝ උߟ ηογϣϯ*%Λ$PPLJFʹه࿥͢Δ BENJO ؅ཧऀ͔Ͳ͏͔ ΛϩʔΧϧετϨʔδʹอଘ͢Δ

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'4τοϓը໘ ‣ ༗ޮͳηογϣϯ*%Λอ༗͍ͯ͠ͳ͍৔߹ɺϩάΠϯը໘ '4 ʹભҠ͢Δ ‣ ը໘දࣔ࣌ɺ঎඼Ұཡऔಘ"1* ' Λୟ͍ͯ঎඼ͷҰཡΛऔಘɾදࣔ͢Δ ‣ ݕࡧϘλϯΛԡ͢ͱɺݕࡧͨ͠จࣈྻΛؚΉ঎඼ͷΈΛߜΓࠐΈɺͳ͓͔ͭ஋ஈॱͰιʔτ͢Δ ' ‣ ঎඼Λબ୒͢Δͱɺ঎඼ৄࡉϖʔδ '4 ʹભҠ͢Δ ‣ "%.*/ϘλϯͰ؅ཧऀը໘ '4 ભҠ͢Δ ‣ 015*0/ϘλϯͰϝʔϧຊจઃఆը໘ '4 ʹભҠ͢Δ ‣ ϩάΞ΢τϘλϯΛԡ͢ͱϩάΞ΢τ ' Λ࣮ߦ͢Δ ‣ ӈ্ͷΞΠίϯΫϦοΫͰϢʔβʔϖʔδ '4 ʹભҠ͢Δ

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'঎඼औಘ"1* (&5BQJHPPET (&5BQJHPPET Ϩεϙϯείʔυ ϨεϙϯεϘσΟ w HPPET঎඼ͷϦετ JE঎඼*% UIVNCOBJM঎඼ͷαϜωΠϧͷϑΝΠϧ໊ QSJDFՁ֨ EFTDSJQUJPO঎඼ͷઆ໌

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'ը૾औಘ"1* (&5BQJJNBHF (&5BQJJNBHF ΫΤϦύϥϝʔλ pMFऔಘ͢ΔϑΝΠϧ໊ ඞਢɾจࣈྻ Yը૾ͷԣ෯ ೚ҙ ਺஋ Ҏ্ҎԼͷ੔਺ Zը૾ͷॎ෯ ೚ҙ ਺஋ Ҏ্ҎԼͷ੔਺ Ϩεϙϯείʔυ ਖ਼ৗऴྃ࣌ ҟৗऴྃ࣌ ɿϑΝΠϧ͕ଘࡏ͠ͳ͍ ϨεϙϯεϘσΟ w HPPET঎඼ͷϦετ JE঎඼*% UIVNCOBJM঎඼ͷαϜωΠϧͷϑΝΠϧ໊ QSJDFՁ֨ EFTDSJQUJPO঎඼ͷઆ໌

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'4঎඼ৄࡉϖʔδ HPPET\HPPET@JE^ ‣ ঎඼ͷৄࡉ৘ใΛऔಘ͠ ' ɺ঎඼ͷը૾ɺ঎඼໊ɺ঎඼ͷ஋ஈɺϨϏϡʔΛදࣔ͢Δ ‣ ߪೖը໘΁ਐΉϘλϯΛԡ͢ͱɺߪೖը໘ '4 ΁ભҠ͢Δ ‣ ϨϏϡʔΛ֤ϘλϯͰϨϏϡʔΛॻ͘μΠΞϩάΛදࣔ͢Δ ‣ Ұ࣌อଘ͞ΕͨϨϏϡʔίϝϯτ͕͋Ε͹ͦͷίϝϯτΛॳظදࣔ͢Δ ‣ ૯߹ධՁͷ੕ΛΫϦοΫ͢Δ͜ͱͰධՁΛมߋ͢Δ ‣ ϨϏϡʔΛهೖ͠ɺૹ৴͢ΔϘλϯΛԡ͢͜ͱͰɺϨϏϡʔΛૹ৴͢Δ ' ‣ ϨϏϡʔ͸0QFO(SBQI1SPUPDPMʹରԠ͍ͯͯ͠ɺ63-ΛషΔͱը૾ΛҰͭදࣔ͢Δ ‣ ϨϏϡʔ͸୯७ͳςΩετΛදࣔ͢Δ΋ͷͱ͢Δ ண৭ػೳ౳͸ෆཁ ‣ ʮϨϏϡʔΛॻ͘ʯը໘Ͱ͸ɺʮҰ࣌อଘ͢ΔʯϘλϯͰίϝϯτΛҰ࣌อଘ͢Δ ' ‣ Ұ࣌อଘͨ͠ঢ়ଶͰ࠶ͼಉ͡঎඼ͷϨϏϡʔΛ։͘ͱɺอଘ͞Εͨೖྗ͞Εͨঢ়ଶͰ։͔ΕΔ

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'4঎඼ৄࡉशಘ"1* (&5BQJHPPET\HPPET@JE^ (&5BQJHPPET\JE^ Ϩεϙϯείʔυ ਖ਼ৗऴྃ ҟৗऴྃ ঎඼*%͕ଘࡏ͠ͳ͍ ϨεϙϯεϘσΟ ਖ਼ৗऴྃ࣌ w *E঎඼*% w UJUMF঎඼λΠτϧ w EFTD঎඼ͷઆ໌ w UIVNCOBJM঎඼ͷը૾ϑΝΠϧ໊ w QSJDFՁ֨ w SFWJFXTϨϏϡʔҰཡͷϦετ SBUJOHϨϏϡʔͷϨʔςΟϯά NFTTBHFϨϏϡʔจݴ OBNFϨϏϡʔऀ VQEBUFE@BUϨϏϡʔ೔ ҟৗऴྃ࣌ ͳ͠

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'ϨϏϡʔ౤ߘ"1* (&5BQJSFWJFX 1045BQJSFWJFX ϦΫΤετϘσΟ w HPPE@JE঎඼ͷJE ඞਢɾ਺஋ w NFTTBHFϨϏϡʔϝοηʔδ ඞਢɾจࣈྻ w SBUJOHϨʔτ ඞਢɾ਺஋ɾҎ্ҎԼ Ϩεϙϯείʔυ ਖ਼ৗऴྃ ҟৗऴྃ ঎඼*%͕ଘࡏ͠ͳ͍ ϦΫΤετ஋͕ෆਖ਼ɹ ϨεϙϯεϘσΟ ਖ਼ৗऴྃ࣌ ͳ͠ ҟৗऴྃ࣌ NFTTBHFࣦഊཧ༝

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'ϝοηʔδҰ࣌อଘ"1* 1045BQJSFWJFXUFNQPSBSZ 1045BQJSFWJFXUFNQPSBSZ ϦΫΤετϘσΟ w HPPE@JE঎඼ͷJE ඞਢɾ਺஋ w NFTTBHFϨϏϡʔϝοηʔδ ඞਢɾจࣈྻ w SBUJOHϨʔτ ඞਢɾ਺஋ɾҎ্ҎԼ Ϩεϙϯείʔυ ਖ਼ৗऴྃ ҟৗऴྃ ঎඼*%͕ଘࡏ͠ͳ͍ ϦΫΤετ஋͕ෆਖ਼ɹ ϨεϙϯεϘσΟ ਖ਼ৗऴྃ࣌ DPPLJFʹҰ࣌อଘ͞ΕΔϨϏϡʔϝοηʔδ͕ೖΔ ҟৗऴྃ࣌ NFTTBHFࣦഊཧ༝

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'4ߪೖը໘ CVZ\HPPET@JE^ ‣ Ϣʔβʔ໊ɺ࢒ߴɺ঎඼৘ใΛऔಘ͠ ' ' දࣔ͢Δɻ ‣ Ϋʔϙϯͱݸ਺Λબ୒͠ɺߪೖ͢Δɻ ‣ Ϋʔϙϯ͸Կ౓Ͱ΋࢖༻Մೳ ‣ ݸ਺͸dݸ·ͰೖྗՄೳ ‣ Ϋʔϙϯ΍ݸ਺Λબ୒͢Δͱɺ߹ܭֹۚΛशಘ ' ͠ɺը໘ʹ൓ө͢Δ ‣ ߪೖϘλϯΛԡ͢ͱߪೖ੒ޭμΠΞϩά͕දࣔ͞ΕΔɻ

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'঎඼ܭࢉࢼܭࢉ"1* (&5BQJESZCVZ 1045BQJESZCVZ ϦΫΤετϘσΟ w HPPE@JE঎඼ͷJE ඞਢɾ਺஋ w DPVOUߪೖݸ਺ ඞਢɾ਺஋ w EJTDPVOUׂҾ཰ ඞਢɾ਺஋ Ϩεϙϯείʔυ ਖ਼ৗऴྃ ҟৗऴྃ ঎඼*%͕ଘࡏ͠ͳ͍ ϨεϙϯεϘσΟ QSJDF߹ܭՁ֨

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'ߪೖ"1* (&5BQJESZCVZ 1045BQJESZCVZ ϦΫΤετϘσΟ w HPPE@JE঎඼ͷJE ඞਢɾ਺஋ w DPVOUߪೖݸ਺ ඞਢɾ਺஋ w EJTDPVOUׂҾ཰ ඞਢɾ਺஋ Ϩεϙϯείʔυ ਖ਼ৗऴྃ ҟৗऴྃ ঎඼*%͕ଘࡏ͠ͳ͍ ϨεϙϯεϘσΟ QSJDF߹ܭՁ֨

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'Ϣʔβʔ৘ใशಘ"1* (&5BQJVTFS (&5BQJVTFS Ϩεϙϯείʔυ ਖ਼ৗऴྃ ҟৗऴྃ ༗ޮͳηογϣϯ*%Λอ༗͍ͯ͠ͳ͍ ϨεϙϯεϘσΟ ਖ਼ৗऴྃ࣌ JEϢʔβʔJE FNBJMϝʔϧΞυϨε OBNFϢʔβʔ໊ DPVQPOTอ༗Ϋʔϙϯ*%ͷҰཡ DPVQPO%FUBJMTอ༗ΫʔϙϯͷৄࡉϦετ JEΫʔϙϯ*% EJTDPVOUׂҾ཰ EFTDSJQUJPOΫʔϙϯઆ໌จ BENJO؅ཧऀݖݶΛอ༗͍ͯ͠Δ͔Ͳ͏͔ *DPOΞΠίϯը૾ϑΝΠϧ໊ ҟৗऴྃ࣌ NFTTBHFࣦഊཧ༝ උߟ ༗ޮͳηογϣϯ*%Λอ༗͍ͯ͠Δඞཁ͕͋Δɻ

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'4Ϣʔβʔϖʔδ VTFS ‣ Ϣʔβʔͷ৘ใΛशಘ͠ ' දࣔ͢Δ ‣ Ϣʔβʔ*% ‣ ද໊ࣔ ‣ &ϝʔϧΞυϨε ‣ ॴ࣋ۚ ‣ ϢʔβʔΞΠίϯը૾ ‣ ߪೖཤྺΛऔಘ͠ ' ɺදࣔ͢Δ ‣ ঎඼໊ ‣ ߪೖ೔࣌ ‣ ݸ਺ ‣ ߹ܭֹۚ

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'ߪೖཤྺऔಘ"1* (&5BQJIJTUPSZ (&5BQJIJTUPSZ Ϩεϙϯείʔυ ਖ਼ৗऴྃ ҟৗऴྃ ༗ޮͳηογϣϯ*%Λอ༗͍ͯ͠ͳ͍ ϨεϙϯεϘσΟ ਖ਼ৗऴྃ࣌ IJTUPSZߪೖཤྺͷϦετ JEߪೖཤྺJE UJUMF঎඼໊ HPPE@JE঎඼JE VQEBUFE@BUߪೖཤྺ QSJDFߪೖՁ֨ ׂҾޙ DPVOUߪೖݸ਺ ҟৗऴྃ࣌ NFTTBHFࣦഊཧ༝ උߟ ༗ޮͳηογϣϯ*%Λอ༗͍ͯ͠Δඞཁ͕͋Δɻ

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'ϩάΞ΢τ MPHPVU (&5MPHPVU Ϩεϙϯείʔυ ਖ਼ৗऴྃ ϨεϙϯεϘσΟ ͳ͠ උߟ ϩάΠϯ͍ͯ͠ΔϢʔβʔͷηογϣϯ*%ΛແޮԽ͢Δ͜ͱ

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'4Ϣʔβʔ࡞੒ DSFBUF ‣ ϢʔβʔΛ࡞੒͢Δ ' ‣ OBNFϢʔβʔ໊ ‣ ϝʔϧΞυϨε ‣ ύεϫʔυ ‣ ΞΠίϯը૾ ೚ҙ ‣ ϢʔβʔΛ࡞੒͢ΔϘλϯͰϢʔβʔΛ࡞੒͢Δ ‣ Ϣʔβʔ࡞੒׬ྃ࣌ʹμΠΞϩάΛදࣔ͢Δ ‣ ࣦഊ࣌ʹΤϥʔϝοηʔδΛදࣔ͢Δ

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'Ϣʔβʔ࡞੒"1* 1045BQJDSFBUF 1045BQJDSFBUF ϦΫΤετϘσΟ w OBNFϢʔβʔ໊ ඞਢɾจࣈྻ w FNBJMϝʔϧΞυϨε ඞਢɾจࣈྻ w QBTTXPSEύεϫʔυ ඞਢɾจࣈྻ Ϩεϙϯείʔυ ਖ਼ৗऴྃ ҟৗऴྃ Ϣʔβʔ·ͨ͸ϝʔϧΞυϨε͕ॏෳ ೖྗ஋͕ෆਖ਼·ͨ͸ෆ଍ ϨεϙϯεϘσΟ ਖ਼ৗऴྃ࣌ ͳ͠ ҟৗऴྃ࣌ NFTTBHFࣦഊཧ༝ උߟ Ϣʔβʔ࡞੒࣌ʹొ࿥ͨ͠ϝʔϧΞυϨεʹϝοηʔδΛૹ ৴͢Δ

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'4؅ཧऀը໘ BENJO ‣ ؅ཧऀݖݶݶఆͷΞΧ΢ϯτͰϢʔβʔͷશ৘ใΛ औಘ ' ͠ɺදࣔ͢Δɻ ‣ Ϣʔβʔ໊ ‣ ϝʔϧΞυϨε ‣ ϋογϡԽ͞Εͨύεϫʔυ ‣ Ϣʔβʔ࡞੒೔࣌

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'શϢʔβʔऔಘ"1* (&5BQJVTFSBMM (&5BQJVFTSBMM Ϩεϙϯείʔυ ਖ਼ৗऴྃ ҟৗऴྃ ༗ޮͳηογϣϯ*%Λอ༗͍ͯ͠ͳ͍ ϨεϙϯεϘσΟ ਖ਼ৗऴྃ࣌ ҎԼͷ಺༰ͷ഑ྻ JEϢʔβʔJE OBNFϢʔβʔ໊ FNBJMϢʔβʔͷϝʔϧΞυϨε QBTTXPSEϢʔβʔͷϋογϡԽ͞Εͨύεϫʔυ DSFBUFE@BUϢʔβʔ࡞੒೔࣌ ҟৗऴྃ࣌ NFTTBHFࣦഊཧ༝ උߟ ༗ޮͳηογϣϯ*%Λอ༗͍ͯ͠Δඞཁ͕͋Γɺ͞Βʹͦͷ Ϣʔβʔ͸؅ཧऀݖݶͰ͋Δඞཁ͕͋Δɻ

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'4ύεϫʔυ๨Ε GPSHFU

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'4ύεϫʔυ๨Ε GPSHFU ‣ ϝʔϧΞυϨεΛೖྗ͠ɺʮϝʔϧΛૹ৴Ϙλϯʯ Λԡ͢ͱɺొ࿥ϢʔβʔʹϝʔϧΛૹ৴͢Δ ' ‣ ಧ͍ͨϝʔϧͷτʔΫϯΛೖྗ͠ɺʮτʔΫϯΛ ૹ৴͢ΔϘλϯʯͰૹ৴͢Δ ' ɻ༗ޮͰ͋Ε ͹ύεϫʔυೖྗը໘΁ભҠ͢Δɻ ‣ ৽͍͠ύεϫʔυΛೖྗ͠ɺʮύεϫʔυΛ Ϧηοτ͢ΔʯϘλϯͰϦηοτ͢Δ ' ɻ

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'ύεϫʔυϦηοττʔΫϯૹ৴"1* 1045BQJGPSHFUTFOE 1045BQJGPSHFUTFOE ϦΫΤετϘσΟ w FNBJMϝʔϧΞυϨε ඞਢɾจࣈྻ Ϩεϙϯείʔυ ਖ਼ৗऴྃ ҟৗऴྃ ϦΫΤετ͕ෆਖ਼ ϨεϙϯεϘσΟ ਖ਼ৗऴྃ࣌ ͳ͠ ҟৗऴྃ࣌ NFTTBHFࣦഊཧ༝ උߟ ϝʔϧΞυϨεͷଘࡏ͢Δ͔Ͳ͏͔͸ݸਓ৘ใͷͨΊɺ ͦͷࢫͷΤϥʔϝοηʔδΛฦ͍ͯ͠ͳ͍ɻ

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'τʔΫϯݕূ"1* 1045BQJGPSHFUWBMJEBUF 1045BQJGPSHFUWBMJEBUF ϦΫΤετϘσΟ w UPLFOݕূ͢ΔτʔΫϯ ඞਢɾจࣈྻ Ϩεϙϯείʔυ ਖ਼ৗऴྃ ҟৗऴྃ ϦΫΤετɾτʔΫϯ͕ෆਖ਼ ϨεϙϯεϘσΟ ਖ਼ৗऴྃ࣌ ͳ͠ ҟৗऴྃ࣌ NFTTBHFlԿ͔͕͓͔͍͠Α͏Ͱ͢ɻ΋͏Ұ౓τʔΫϯΛೖ ྗͯ͠Έ͍ͯͩ͘͞z උߟ ԼखʹΤϥʔϝοηʔδΛฦ͢ͱ৘ใ࿙͍͑ʹܨ͕ΔͷͰɺ Τϥʔϝοηʔδ͸ݻఆจݴʹ͍ͯ͠Δɻ

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'ύεϫʔυ࠶ઃఆ"1* 1045BQJGPSHFUSFTFUQBTT 1045BQJGPSHFUSFTFUQBTT ϦΫΤετϘσΟ w UPLFOτʔΫϯ ඞਢɾจࣈྻ w QBTTXPSE৽͍͠ύεϫʔυ ඞਢɾจࣈྻ Ϩεϙϯείʔυ ਖ਼ৗऴྃ ҟৗऴྃ ϦΫΤετɾτʔΫϯ͕ෆਖ਼ ϨεϙϯεϘσΟ ਖ਼ৗऴྃ࣌ ͳ͠ ҟৗऴྃ࣌ NFTTBHFࣦഊཧ༝

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'঎඼ݕࡧ"1* 1045BQJTFBSDI 1045BQJTFBSDI ϦΫΤετϘσΟ w LFZXPSEݕࡧΩʔϫʔυ ෦෼Ұக ೚ҙɾจࣈྻ w ۭจࣈͷ৔߹͸શͯʹώοτ͢Δ w ˞ ଘࡏ͠ͳ͍৔߹͸ۭจࣈѻ͍ w PSE஋ஈͷঢॱ߱ॱ ඞਢɾจࣈྻ Ϩεϙϯείʔυ ਖ਼ৗऴྃ ҟৗऴྃ ϦΫΤετɾτʔΫϯ͕ෆਖ਼ ϨεϙϯεϘσΟ ਖ਼ৗऴྃ࣌ HPPET঎඼ͷϦετ JE঎඼*% UIVNCOBJMαϜωΠϧ QSJDF஋ஈ UJUMFλΠτϧ ҟৗऴྃ࣌ NFTTBHFࣦഊཧ༝

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'4ϚδοΫϦϯΫૹ৴ը໘ ‣ ϝʔϧΞυϨεΛೖྗ͠ɺʮϝʔϧΛૹ৴Ϙλ ϯʯΛԡ͢ͱɺొ࿥ϢʔβʔʹϝʔϧΛૹ৴͢ Δ ' ‣ ϚδοΫϦϯΫΛ౿ΉͱɺϩάΠϯΛ͢Δ '

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'ϚδοΫϦϯΫૹ৴"1* 1045BQJNBHJDMJOLTFOE 1045BQJNBHJDMJOLTFOE ϦΫΤετϘσΟ w FNBJMϝʔϧΞυϨε ඞਢɾจࣈྻ Ϩεϙϯείʔυ ਖ਼ৗऴྃ ҟৗऴྃ ϦΫΤετ͕ෆਖ਼ ϨεϙϯεϘσΟ ਖ਼ৗऴྃ࣌ ͳ͠ ର৅ͷϝʔϧΞυϨεʹϚδοΫϦϯΫΛૹ৴͢Δ ҟৗऴྃ࣌ NFTTBHFࣦഊཧ༝ උߟ ϝʔϧΞυϨεͷଘࡏ͢Δ͔Ͳ͏͔͸ݸਓ৘ใͷͨΊɺ ͦͷࢫͷΤϥʔϝοηʔδΛฦ͍ͯ͠ͳ͍ɻ

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'ϚδοΫϦϯΫݕূ"1* NBHJDMJOL\UPLFO^MPHJO (&5NBHJDMJOL Ϩεϙϯείʔυ ਖ਼ৗऴྃ ҟৗऴྃ ϦΫΤετ͕ෆਖ਼ ϨεϙϯεϘσΟ ਖ਼ৗऴྃ࣌ ͳ͠ $PPLJFʹηογϣϯ*%Ληοτ͠ɺτοϓը໘ '4 ΁ͷ ϦμΠϨΫτ͢Δɻ ҟৗऴྃ࣌ NFTTBHFࣦഊཧ༝ උߟ ϩάΠϯτʔΫϯ͸ར༻ͨ͠Β࡟আ͢Δ

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'4ϝʔϧຊจઃఆը໘ ‣ ύεϫʔυΛ๨Εͨࡍͷϝʔϧຊจ ‣ ΞΧ΢ϯτొ࿥࣌ͷϝʔϧຊจ ‣ ϚδοΫϦϯΫϝοηʔδͷϝʔϧຊจ Λઃఆ͢Δ ʮมߋΛอଘ͢ΔʯϘλϯͰอଘ͢Δ '

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'ϝʔϧຊจઃఆ"1* 165BQJPQUJPO 165BQJPQUJPO ϦΫΤετϘσΟ ҎԼͷ഑ྻ PQUJPO@OBNFFNBJM@GPSHFU FNBJM@XFMDPN FNBJM@NBHJD@MJOLͷͲΕ͔ PQUJPO@WBMVFઃఆ͍ͨ͠ϝοηʔδ Ϩεϙϯείʔυ ਖ਼ৗऴྃ ҟৗऴྃ ϦΫΤετɾτʔΫϯ͕ෆਖ਼ ϨεϙϯεϘσΟ ਖ਼ৗऴྃ࣌ ͳ͠ ҟৗऴྃ࣌ NFTTBHFࣦഊཧ༝ උߟ $PPLJF༗ޮͳηογϣϯ*%͕ೖ͓ͬͯΓɺͳ͓͔ͭ ͦͷηογϣϯʹඥ෇͍ͨϢʔβʔ͕؅ཧऀݖݶͰ͋Δ͜ͱ ૹ৴͢Δϝʔϧ͸OBNF UPLFO NBHJD@MJOL͕ࢦఆͰ͖Δ͜ ͱ

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8FC"QQMJDBUJPO)BSEFOJOHᶄ ,P'VKJXBSB ౻ݪ޼ ϓϥοτϑΥʔϜηΩϡϦςΟάϧʔϓ

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ຊ೔ͷྲྀΕ डߨऀͷօ͞Μʹ ੬ऑੑΛमਖ਼QVTIͯ͠΋Β͏ ӡӦ͕ΞϓϦͷςετ߈ܸ ίʔυϨϏϡʔΛߦ͏ ӡӦ͕੬ऑੑͷमਖ਼ঢ়گΛ֬ೝ͢Δ ੒੷ൃදʂ օ͞Μͷमਖ਼ํ๏ͷ঺հ ੬ऑੑͷ঺հ

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αʔϏεͰ੬ऑੑΛൃݟͨ͠ͱ͖ͷमਖ਼ํ๏ ‣࢑ఆରԠ ੬ऑੑ΁ͷຊ࣭తͳରԠʹͳ͓ͬͯΒͣɺ੬ऑੑΛඞͣ͠΋๷͛ΔΑ͏ͳ΋ͷͰ͸ͳ͍ ‣߃ٱରԠ ͦͷ੬ऑੑΛѱ༻ͨ͠߈ܸΛ׬શʹ๷͙ํ๏Ͱ͋Ε͹ɺରԠͷखஈ͸໰Θͳ͍ɻ ‣ਫฏల։ ੬ऑੑͷൃੜʹࢸͬͨ௚઀తͳݪҼΛ୳Δɻ ͦͷݪҼʹ֘౰͍ͯͦ͠͏ͳ෦෼͕ଞʹͳ͍͔ԣஅతʹݟ௚͠ɺಉ༷ͷ੬ऑੑΛ௵͢ ‣࠶ൃ๷ࢭ ͳͥͦͷ੬ऑੑ͕ੜ·Εͨͷ͔ɺࠜຊతͳݪҼΛ୳Δ ͬ͘͟Γͱͨ࣌͠ܥྻ

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ಘ఺ํ๏ ‣࢑ఆରԠ ੬ऑੑ΁ͷຊ࣭తͳରԠʹͳ͓ͬͯΒͣɺ੬ऑੑΛඞͣ͠΋๷͛ΔΑ͏ͳ΋ͷͰ͸ͳ͍ ‣߃ٱରԠ ͦͷ੬ऑੑΛѱ༻ͨ͠߈ܸΛ׬શʹ๷͙ํ๏Ͱ͋Ε͹ɺରԠͷखஈ͸໰Θͳ͍ɻ ‣ਫฏల։ ੬ऑੑͷൃੜʹࢸͬͨ௚઀తͳݪҼΛ୳Δɻ ͦͷݪҼʹ֘౰͍ͯͦ͠͏ͳ෦෼͕ଞʹͳ͍͔ԣஅతʹݟ௚͠ɺಉ༷ͷ੬ऑੑΛ௵͢ ‣࠶ൃ๷ࢭ ͳͥͦͷ੬ऑੑ͕ੜ·Εͨͷ͔ɺࠜຊతͳݪҼΛ୳Δ

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ಘ఺ํ๏ ‣ શݸͷ૝ఆ͍ͯ͠Δ੬ऑੑ͕मਖ਼͞Ε͔ͨͲ͏͔Λ ӡӦ͕߈ܸͰ͖Δ͔Ͳ͏͔ͱ͍͏؍఺Ͱ ֬ೝ͠·͢ɻ ‣ ߃ٱରԠతʹमਖ਼͞Ε͍ͯͨΒQUT ෆ׬શͰ͸͋Δ͕͋Δఔ౓๷͓͛ͯΓɺ࢑ఆରԠతʹमਖ਼͞Ε͍ͯΕ ͹QUT ੬ऑੑʹؾ͚͍ͮͯΔͱ͍͏؍఺Ͱಘ఺ ‣ ͕࣌ؒ༨ͬͨΒ఺਺ؔ܎ͳ͍Ͱ͕͢ʜ ߈ܸίʔυΛ࡞ͬͯΈΔ ΑΓඒ͍͠௚͠ํΛ໛ࡧͯ͠ΈΔ

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͓ئ͍ ‣ ్தͰօ͞Μͷ௨࿩΍DIBUʹࢀՃ͍ͤͯͨͩ͘͜͞ͱ͕͋Γ·͢ɻ ͓अຐ͔΋͠Ε·ͤΜ͕ɺڠྗ͍͚ͯͨͩͨ͠Β޾͍Ͱ͢ɻ ‣ Ͱ͖Δ͚ͩ੬ऑੑ͸ݸ௚Γ࣍ୈૣΊʹ࿈ܞΛ͓ئ͍͠·͢ɻ ίʔυϨϏϡʔ͕ඞཁͳͷͰɺ Ұؾʹग़͞ΕΔͱΊͬͪΌਏ͍Ͱ͢ɻ αϒϚϦϯઓ๏