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Hasan Hosgel Co-Lead GDG Berlin Android #PERFMATTERS for Android

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Hasan Hosgel #DroidConTN Why we are developers?

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Hasan Hosgel #DroidConTN Why we are developers? ESPECIALLY ANDROID

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Hasan Hosgel #DroidConTN Source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/theinfamousgdub/1765952198

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Hasan Hosgel #DroidConTN We are smart! Source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/theinfamousgdub/1765952198

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Hasan Hosgel #DroidConTN Source: http://giphy.com/gifs/apple-looney-tunes-android-4A41Wn7C32RiM

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Hasan Hosgel #DroidConTN We Love Android! Source: http://giphy.com/gifs/apple-looney-tunes-android-4A41Wn7C32RiM

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Hasan Hosgel #DroidConTN Source: Photo by Sujaki-F

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Hasan Hosgel #DroidConTN We have Passion! Source: Photo by Sujaki-F

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Hasan Hosgel #DroidConTN We have Passion! Source: Photo by Sujaki-F

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Hasan Hosgel #DroidConTN We have Passion! Source: Photo by Sujaki-F We Love Challenges

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Hasan Hosgel #DroidConTN Source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/68751915@N05/6793826885

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Hasan Hosgel #DroidConTN We Love Money Source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/68751915@N05/6793826885

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Hasan Hosgel #DroidConTN Source: http://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/geral/foto/2014-07/cerimonia-de-premiacao-da-copa-do-mundo-no-brasil

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Hasan Hosgel #DroidConTN We love to delight our users Source: http://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/geral/foto/2014-07/cerimonia-de-premiacao-da-copa-do-mundo-no-brasil

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Hasan Hosgel #DroidConTN User Expectations

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Hasan Hosgel #DroidConTN User Expectations • Mobile App Users are impatient Source: https://ssl.www8.hp.com/ww/en/secure/pdf/4aa5-7696enw.pdf

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Hasan Hosgel #DroidConTN User Expectations • Mobile App Users are impatient • 61% app start < 4 s Source: https://ssl.www8.hp.com/ww/en/secure/pdf/4aa5-7696enw.pdf

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Hasan Hosgel #DroidConTN User Expectations • Mobile App Users are impatient • 61% app start < 4 s • 49% app start < 2 s Source: https://ssl.www8.hp.com/ww/en/secure/pdf/4aa5-7696enw.pdf

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Hasan Hosgel #DroidConTN User Expectations • Mobile App Users are impatient • 61% app start < 4 s • 49% app start < 2 s • Users are intolerant of issues and are quick to uninstall mobile apps Source: https://ssl.www8.hp.com/ww/en/secure/pdf/4aa5-7696enw.pdf

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Hasan Hosgel #DroidConTN User Expectations • Mobile App Users are impatient • 61% app start < 4 s • 49% app start < 2 s • Users are intolerant of issues and are quick to uninstall mobile apps • 80% three attempts or less Source: https://ssl.www8.hp.com/ww/en/secure/pdf/4aa5-7696enw.pdf

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Hasan Hosgel #DroidConTN User Expectations • Mobile App Users are impatient • 61% app start < 4 s • 49% app start < 2 s • Users are intolerant of issues and are quick to uninstall mobile apps • 80% three attempts or less • 53% apps with severe issues like crashes, freezes or errors Source: https://ssl.www8.hp.com/ww/en/secure/pdf/4aa5-7696enw.pdf

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Hasan Hosgel #DroidConTN User Expectations • Mobile App Users are impatient • 61% app start < 4 s • 49% app start < 2 s • Users are intolerant of issues and are quick to uninstall mobile apps • 80% three attempts or less • 53% apps with severe issues like crashes, freezes or errors • 36% heavy battery usage Source: https://ssl.www8.hp.com/ww/en/secure/pdf/4aa5-7696enw.pdf

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Hasan Hosgel #DroidConTN User Expectations

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Hasan Hosgel #DroidConTN User Expectations • Users blame the app and the company who made it Source: https://ssl.www8.hp.com/ww/en/secure/pdf/4aa5-7696enw.pdf

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Hasan Hosgel #DroidConTN User Expectations • Users blame the app and the company who made it • 55% app is responsible for performance issues Source: https://ssl.www8.hp.com/ww/en/secure/pdf/4aa5-7696enw.pdf

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Hasan Hosgel #DroidConTN User Expectations • Users blame the app and the company who made it • 55% app is responsible for performance issues • 37% Stated that app crashes or errors make them think less of a company’s brand Source: https://ssl.www8.hp.com/ww/en/secure/pdf/4aa5-7696enw.pdf

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Hasan Hosgel #DroidConTN • 500 ms delay • bounce rate -4.7% -- conversion rate -1.9% • 1,000 ms delay • bounce rate -8.3% -- Conversion rate -3.5% • 100ms delay mean for Amazon -1% revenue • 11% scream at there device • 4 % throw their phones Performance Impacts Source: http://www.mobilejoomla.com/media/press/responsive-vs-serverside/Responsive-Design-vs-Server-Side-Solutions- Infographic.jpg http://giphy.com/gifs/reactiongifs-angry-time-1306MTkHlXkUZG http://giphy.com/gifs/homer-simpson-fat-mumu-Sm8Ec3ddRWXa8

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Hasan Hosgel #DroidConTN Performance Impacts

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Hasan Hosgel #DroidConTN Performance Impacts • 500 ms delay Source: http://www.mobilejoomla.com/media/press/responsive-vs-serverside/Responsive-Design-vs-Server-Side-Solutions- Infographic.jpg

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Hasan Hosgel #DroidConTN Performance Impacts • 500 ms delay • bounce rate -4.7% -- conversion rate -1.9% Source: http://www.mobilejoomla.com/media/press/responsive-vs-serverside/Responsive-Design-vs-Server-Side-Solutions- Infographic.jpg

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Hasan Hosgel #DroidConTN Performance Impacts • 500 ms delay • bounce rate -4.7% -- conversion rate -1.9% • 1,000 ms delay Source: http://www.mobilejoomla.com/media/press/responsive-vs-serverside/Responsive-Design-vs-Server-Side-Solutions- Infographic.jpg

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Hasan Hosgel #DroidConTN Performance Impacts • 500 ms delay • bounce rate -4.7% -- conversion rate -1.9% • 1,000 ms delay • bounce rate -8.3% -- Conversion rate -3.5% Source: http://www.mobilejoomla.com/media/press/responsive-vs-serverside/Responsive-Design-vs-Server-Side-Solutions- Infographic.jpg

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Hasan Hosgel #DroidConTN Performance Impacts • 500 ms delay • bounce rate -4.7% -- conversion rate -1.9% • 1,000 ms delay • bounce rate -8.3% -- Conversion rate -3.5% • 100ms delay mean for Amazon -1% revenue Source: http://www.mobilejoomla.com/media/press/responsive-vs-serverside/Responsive-Design-vs-Server-Side-Solutions- Infographic.jpg

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Hasan Hosgel #DroidConTN Performance Impacts • 500 ms delay • bounce rate -4.7% -- conversion rate -1.9% • 1,000 ms delay • bounce rate -8.3% -- Conversion rate -3.5% • 100ms delay mean for Amazon -1% revenue • 11% scream at there device Source: http://www.mobilejoomla.com/media/press/responsive-vs-serverside/Responsive-Design-vs-Server-Side-Solutions- Infographic.jpg

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Hasan Hosgel #DroidConTN Performance Impacts • 500 ms delay • bounce rate -4.7% -- conversion rate -1.9% • 1,000 ms delay • bounce rate -8.3% -- Conversion rate -3.5% • 100ms delay mean for Amazon -1% revenue • 11% scream at there device • 4 % throw their phones Source: http://www.mobilejoomla.com/media/press/responsive-vs-serverside/Responsive-Design-vs-Server-Side-Solutions- Infographic.jpg https://www.flickr.com/photos/9009139@N08/1263954439

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Hasan Hosgel #DroidConTN

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Let‘s find some performance improvements

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Hasan Hosgel #DroidConTN Possible improvements CPU Memory I/O

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Hasan Hosgel #DroidConTN Possible improvements CPU Memory I/O

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Hasan Hosgel #DroidConTN Possible improvements CPU Memory I/O • Keep the work of the main thread  ANR

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Hasan Hosgel #DroidConTN Possible improvements CPU Memory I/O • Keep the work of the main thread  ANR • Avoid GPU overdrawings

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Hasan Hosgel #DroidConTN Possible improvements CPU Memory I/O • Keep the work of the main thread  ANR • Avoid GPU overdrawings • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T52v50r-JfE

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Hasan Hosgel #DroidConTN Possible improvements CPU Memory I/O • Keep the work of the main thread  ANR • Avoid GPU overdrawings • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T52v50r-JfE • Avoid nested multi-pass layouts

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Hasan Hosgel #DroidConTN Possible improvements CPU Memory I/O • Keep the work of the main thread  ANR • Avoid GPU overdrawings • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T52v50r-JfE • Avoid nested multi-pass layouts • http://goo.gl/Q5te24

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Hasan Hosgel #DroidConTN Possible improvements CPU Memory I/O • Keep the work of the main thread  ANR • Avoid GPU overdrawings • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T52v50r-JfE • Avoid nested multi-pass layouts • http://goo.gl/Q5te24 • Consider RenderScript for performance critical code

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Hasan Hosgel #DroidConTN Possible improvements CPU Memory I/O

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Hasan Hosgel #DroidConTN Possible improvements CPU Memory I/O • Do not allocate memory inside onDraw()

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Hasan Hosgel #DroidConTN Possible improvements CPU Memory I/O • Do not allocate memory inside onDraw() • Avoid Leaks

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Hasan Hosgel #DroidConTN LeakCanary to the Rescue https://github.com/square/leakcanary

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Hasan Hosgel #DroidConTN Setup LeakCanary debugCompile 'com.squareup.leakcanary:leakcanary-android:1.3.1' releaseCompile 'com.squareup.leakcanary:leakcanary-android-no-op:1.3.1’ build.gradle public class DcTnApplication extends Application { @Override public void onCreate() { super.onCreate(); LeakCanary.install(this); } } DcTnApplication.java

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Hasan Hosgel #DroidConTN Use Your Debug Build Normally

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Hasan Hosgel #DroidConTN Analyze Memory

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Hasan Hosgel #DroidConTN Analyze Heap Dump

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Hasan Hosgel #DroidConTN Analyze Heap Dump

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Hasan Hosgel #DroidConTN Analyze Heap Dump since AS 1.5

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Hasan Hosgel #DroidConTN Analyze Memory

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Hasan Hosgel #DroidConTN Possible improvements CPU Memory I/O • Do not allocate memory inside onDraw() • Avoid Leaks • Avoid listener  EventBus

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Hasan Hosgel #DroidConTN Possible improvements CPU Memory I/O • Do not allocate memory inside onDraw() • Avoid Leaks • Avoid listener  EventBus • Use SparseArray* family instead of JDK Collections/ Maps

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Hasan Hosgel #DroidConTN Possible improvements CPU Memory I/O • Do not allocate memory inside onDraw() • Avoid Leaks • Avoid listener  EventBus • Use SparseArray* family instead of JDK Collections/ Maps • Be aware that enums need more resource, but use them, if it will make sense for you

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Hasan Hosgel #DroidConTN Possible improvements CPU Memory I/O

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Hasan Hosgel #DroidConTN Possible improvements CPU Memory I/O • Activate gzip compression on incoming and outgoing network traffic or FlatBuffer

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Hasan Hosgel #DroidConTN Analyze First Start

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Hasan Hosgel #DroidConTN Analyze Second Start

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Hasan Hosgel #DroidConTN Analyze Second Start

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Hasan Hosgel #DroidConTN Possible improvements CPU Memory I/O • Activate gzip compression on incoming and outgoing network traffic or FlatBuffer • Cache data on disk (image, http responses) with reasonable TTL

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Hasan Hosgel #DroidConTN Finally Second Start

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Hasan Hosgel #DroidConTN Possible improvements CPU Memory I/O • Activate gzip compression on incoming and outgoing network traffic or FlatBuffer • Cache data on disk (image, http responses) with reasonable TTL • Server side cache headers like ETag & Last- Modified

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Hasan Hosgel #DroidConTN Possible improvements CPU Memory I/O • Activate gzip compression on incoming and outgoing network traffic or FlatBuffer • Cache data on disk (image, http responses) with reasonable TTL • Server side cache headers like ETag & Last- Modified • Use JobScheduler API to batch across system or better use push notifications for update information

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Hasan Hosgel #DroidConTN Source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/16210667@N02/9172895225

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Optimizing ArrayList

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Hasan Hosgel #DroidConTN Optimizing ArrayList public List getDcTnNames(List attendees) { List names = new ArrayList<>(); for (Attendee attendee : attendees) { names.add(attendee.name); } return names; } JAVA

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Hasan Hosgel #DroidConTN Optimizing ArrayList public List getDcTnNames(List attendees) { List names = new ArrayList<>(attendees.size()); for (Attendee attendee : attendees) { names.add(attendee.name); } return names; } JAVA

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Hasan Hosgel #DroidConTN Optimizing ArrayList @Override public boolean add(E object) { Object[] a = array; int s = size; if (s == a.length) { Object[] newArray = new Object[s + (s < (MIN_CAPACITY_INCREMENT / 2) ? MIN_CAPACITY_INCREMENT : s >> 1)]; System.arraycopy(a, 0, newArray, 0, s); array = a = newArray; } a[s] = object; size = s + 1; modCount++; return true; } JAVA

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Hasan Hosgel #DroidConTN Optimizing ArrayList void addDcTnSpeaker(ArrayList attendees, List speakers) { for (String speaker : speakers) { attendees.add(speaker); } } JAVA

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Hasan Hosgel #DroidConTN Optimizing ArrayList void addDcTnSpeaker(ArrayList attendees, List speakers) { attendees.ensureCapacity(attendees.size() + speakers.size()); for (String speaker : speakers) { attendees.add(speaker); } } JAVA

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Optimizing Bundle

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Hasan Hosgel #DroidConTN Optimizing Bundle public static DcTnScheduleFragment instance(int startMode) { final DcTnScheduleFragment fragment = new DcTnScheduleFragment(); final Bundle bundle = new Bundle(); bundle.putInt(START_MODE, startMode); fragment.setArguments(bundle); return fragment; } JAVA

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Hasan Hosgel #DroidConTN Optimizing Bundle public static DcTnScheduleFragment instance(int startMode) { final DcTnScheduleFragment fragment = new DcTnScheduleFragment(); final Bundle bundle = new Bundle(1); bundle.putInt(START_MODE, startMode); fragment.setArguments(bundle); return fragment; } JAVA

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Optimizing StringBuilder

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Hasan Hosgel #DroidConTN Optimizing StringBuilder public StringBuilder getDcTnNames(List names) { StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder(); for (String name : names) { if (builder.length() > 0) { builder.append(", "); } builder.append(name); } return builder; } JAVA

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Hasan Hosgel #DroidConTN Optimizing StringBuilder public StringBuilder getDcTnNames(List names) { StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder(names.size() * 13); for (String name : names) { if (builder.length() > 0) { builder.append(", "); } builder.append(name); } return builder; } JAVA

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Hasan Hosgel #DroidConTN Optimizing StringBuilder final void append0(char[] chars) { int newCount = count + chars.length; if (newCount > value.length) { enlargeBuffer(newCount); } System.arraycopy(chars, 0, value, count, chars.length); count = newCount; } JAVA

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Hasan Hosgel #DroidConTN Optimizing StringBuilder public StringBuilder addDcTnOrganizer(StringBuilder names, List organizers) { names.ensureCapacity(names.length() + organizers.size() * 13); for (String organizer : organizers) { if (names.length() > 0) { names.append(", "); } names.append(organizer); } } JAVA

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Optimizing Loops

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Hasan Hosgel #DroidConTN Optimizing Moar – The Loop public StringBuilder addDcTnOrganizer(StringBuilder names, List organizers) { names.ensureCapacity(names.length() + organizers.size() * 13); for (String organizer : organizers) { if (names.length() > 0) { names.append(", "); } names.append(organizer); } } JAVA

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Hasan Hosgel #DroidConTN Optimizing Moar – The Loop public StringBuilder addDcTnOrganizer(StringBuilder names, List organizers) { names.ensureCapacity(names.length() + organizers.size() * 13); for (int i = 0; i < organizers.size(); i++) { String organizer = organizers.get(i); if (names.length() > 0) { names.append(", "); } names.append(organizer); } } JAVA

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Hasan Hosgel #DroidConTN Optimizing Moar – The Loop public StringBuilder addDcTnOrganizer(StringBuilder names, List organizers) { names.ensureCapacity(names.length() + organizers.size() * 13); for (int i = 0, organizersSize = organizers.size(); i < organizersSize; i++) { String organizer = organizers.get(i); if (names.length() > 0) { names.append(", "); } names.append(organizer); } } JAVA

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Hasan Hosgel #DroidConTN Optimizing Moar – The Loop public StringBuilder addDcTnOrganizer(StringBuilder names, List organizers) { final int size = organizers.size(); names.ensureCapacity(names.length() + size * 13); for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) { String organizer = organizers.get(i); if (names.length() > 0) { names.append(", "); } names.append(organizer); } } JAVA

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Optimizing Method invocations

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Hasan Hosgel #DroidConTN Optimizing Much Moar – Method Invocation public void onViewCreated(View view, Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onViewCreated(view, savedInstanceState); text.setTextColor(attendee.isOrganizer() ? getResources().getColor(R.color.accent) : getResources().getColor(R.color.black)); avatar.setImageResource(attendee.getAvatar()); welcomeText.setText(getString( R.string.hello_world, attendee.name)); } JAVA

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Hasan Hosgel #DroidConTN Optimizing Much Moar – Method Invocation public void onViewCreated(View view, Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onViewCreated(view, savedInstanceState); final Resources res = getResources(); text.setTextColor(attendee.isOrganizer() ? res.getColor(R.color.accent) : res.getColor(R.color.black)); avatar.setImageResource(attendee.getAvatar()); welcomeText.setText(getString( R.string.hello_world, attendee.name)); } JAVA

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Hasan Hosgel #DroidConTN Optimizing Much Moar – Method Invocation public void onViewCreated(View view, Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onViewCreated(view, savedInstanceState); final Resources res = getResources(); text.setTextColor(attendee.isOrganizer() ? res.getColor(R.color.accent) : res.getColor(R.color.black)); avatar.setImageResource(attendee.getAvatar()); welcomeText.setText(res.getString( R.string.hello_world, attendee.name)); } JAVA

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Optimizing Access Methods

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Hasan Hosgel #DroidConTN Optimizing Access Methods private Attendee attendee; public void onViewCreated(View view, Bundle savedInstanceState) { button.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { makeText(getContext(), getWelcomeTextFor(attendee.getName()), LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } }); } private String getWelcomeTextFor(String name) { return getResources().getString(R.string.welcome_text, name); } JAVA

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Hasan Hosgel #DroidConTN Finding Access Methods https://github.com/JakeWharton/dex-method-list $ ./build/dex-method-list src/test/resources/one.apk … package.DcTnScheduleFragment access$000(DcTnScheduleFragment ) package.DcTnScheduleFragment access$100(DcTnScheduleFragment , String) … CL

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Hasan Hosgel #DroidConTN Optimizing Access Methods Attendee attendee; public void onViewCreated(View view, Bundle savedInstanceState) { button.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { makeText(getContext(), getWelcomeTextFor(attendee.getName()), LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } }); } String getWelcomeTextFor(String name) { return getResources().getString(R.string.welcome_text, name); } JAVA

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Source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/marcus_t_ward/10715983613

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Source: http://www.bhmpics.com/success_kid-wallpapers.html

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Source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/21496790@N06/5065834411/

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Hasan Hosgel #DcTn Contact: +HasanHosgel alosdev Thanks for attending! https://speakerdeck.com/alosdev/perfmatters-for- android-droidcon-tunis-2016

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Hasan Hosgel #DcTn Contact: +HasanHosgel alosdev Thanks for attending! https://speakerdeck.com/alosdev/perfmatters-for- android-droidcon-tunis-2016

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Hasan Hosgel #DroidConTN Sources • https://ssl.www8.hp.com/ww/en/secure/pdf/4aa5-7696enw.pdf • http://www.mobilejoomla.com/media/press/responsive-vs-serverside/Responsive- Design-vs-Server-Side-Solutions-Infographic.jpg • https://speakerdeck.com/jakewharton/eliminating-code-overhead-square-hq-2015 • http://periplanisi.com/android/2013/11/multi-pass-viewgroup-and-performance/ • https://slideshare.net/dougsillars/android-app-performance-europe-2015 • https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLWz5rJ2EKKc9CBxr3BVjPTPoDPLdPIFCE