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The Landscape of Front-End Testing Render Conf 2016 Alicia Sedlock | @aliciability | #frontendtesting

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I’m not here to prescribe. #frontendtesting

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#frontendtesting The Beginning • Origins on the server • Here comes the client-side! • Opportunity and (sometimes neglected) responsibility

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A focus on outcome, not the input. #frontendtesting

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Automation is your friend! #frontendtesting

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#frontendtesting Unit tests are for ensuring small pieces of code work as expected.

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#frontendtesting describe(“Calculator Operations”, function () { it(“Should add two numbers”, function () { Calculator.init(); var result = Calculator.addNumbers(7,3); expect(result).toBe(10); }); });

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#frontendtesting describe(“Calculator Operations”, function () { it(“Should add two numbers”, function () { Calculator.init(); var result = Calculator.addNumbers(7,3); expect(result).toBe(10); }); });

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#frontendtesting describe(“Calculator Operations”, function () { it(“Should add two numbers”, function () { Calculator.init(); var result = Calculator.addNumbers(7,3); expect(result).toBe(10); }); });

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#frontendtesting describe(“Calculator Operations”, function () { it(“Should add two numbers”, function () { Calculator.init(); var result = Calculator.addNumbers(7,3); expect(result).toBe(10); }); });

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#frontendtesting describe(“Calculator Operations”, function () { beforeEach(function () { Calculator.init(); }); ... afterEach(function () { Calculator.teardown(); }); });

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#frontendtesting it(“Should remember the last calculation”, function () { spyOn(Calculator, “updateCurrentValue”); Calculator.addNumbers(7,10); expect(Calculator.updateCurrentValue).toHaveBeenCalled(); expect(Calculator.updateCurrentValue) .toHaveBeenCalledWith(17); expect(Calculator.currentValue).toBe(17); });

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#frontendtesting it(“Should remember the last calculation”, function () { spyOn(Calculator, “updateCurrentValue”); Calculator.addNumbers(7,10); expect(Calculator.updateCurrentValue).toHaveBeenCalled(); expect(Calculator.updateCurrentValue) .toHaveBeenCalledWith(17); expect(Calculator.currentValue).toBe(17); });

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#frontendtesting it(“Should remember the last calculation”, function () { spyOn(Calculator, “updateCurrentValue”); Calculator.addNumbers(7,10); expect(Calculator.updateCurrentValue).toHaveBeenCalled(); expect(Calculator.updateCurrentValue) .toHaveBeenCalledWith(17); expect(Calculator.currentValue).toBe(17); });

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#frontendtesting it(“Should remember the last calculation”, function () { spyOn(Calculator, “updateCurrentValue”); Calculator.addNumbers(7,10); expect(Calculator.updateCurrentValue).toHaveBeenCalled(); expect(Calculator.updateCurrentValue) .toHaveBeenCalledWith(17); expect(Calculator.currentValue).toBe(17); });

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#frontendtesting it(“Should remember the last calculation”, function () { spyOn(Calculator, “updateCurrentValue”); Calculator.addNumbers(7,10); expect(Calculator.updateCurrentValue).toHaveBeenCalled(); expect(Calculator.updateCurrentValue) .toHaveBeenCalledWith(17); expect(Calculator.currentValue).toBe(17); });

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#frontendtesting Recap! • Test tiny pieces of code • Validations, calculations, etc. • Pairs well with functional requirements

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#frontendtesting Some big players • Jasmine • Mocha • Chai • Webdriver.io • QUnit • Unit.js • Sinon

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#frontendtesting Acceptance tests check that all the small pieces play well together in the bigger picture.

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#frontendtesting describe(“Integration tests”, function () { var page; beforeEach(function (done) { page = visit(“/home”); page.ready(done); }); describe(“Sign Up Failure state”, function () { beforeEach(function (done) { page.fill_in(“input[name='email']", “Not An Email”); page.click(“button[type=submit]”); page.onBodyChange(done); }); it(“Shouldn’t allow signup with invalid information”, function () { expect(page.find(“#signupError”) .hasClass(“hidden”)).toBeFalsy(); }); }); });

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#frontendtesting describe(“Integration tests”, function () { var page; beforeEach(function (done) { page = visit(“/home”); page.ready(done); }); describe(“Sign Up Failure State ”, function () { beforeEach(function (done) { page.fill_in(“input[name='email']", “Not An Email”); page.click(“button[type=submit]”); page.onBodyChange(done); }); it(“Shouldn’t allow signup with invalid information”, function () { expect(page.find(“#signupError”) .hasClass(“hidden”)).toBeFalsy(); }); }); });

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#frontendtesting describe(“Integration tests”, function () { var page; beforeEach(function (done) { page = visit(“/home”); page.ready(done); }); describe(“Sign Up Failure state”, function () { beforeEach(function (done) { page.fill_in(“input[name='email']", “Not An Email”); page.click(“button[type=submit]”); page.onBodyChange(done); }); it(“Shouldn’t allow signup with invalid information”, function () { expect(page.find(“#signupError”) .hasClass(“hidden”)).toBeFalsy(); }); }); });

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#frontendtesting describe(“Integration tests”, function () { var page; beforeEach(function (done) { page = visit(“/home”); page.ready(done); }); describe(“Sign Up Failure state”, function () { beforeEach(function (done) { page.fill_in(“input[name='email']", “Not An Email”); page.click(“button[type=submit]”); page.onBodyChange(done); }); it(“Shouldn’t allow signup with invalid information”, function () { expect(page.find(“#signupError”) .hasClass(“hidden”)).toBeFalsy(); }); }); });

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#frontendtesting Another recap! • Do units and other pieces play well together? • Line up well with user stories

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#frontendtesting More tools! • jasmine-integration • Karma • Selenium • Nightwatch • Again, many others

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#frontendtesting The Evolution • Front-end development is more than just business logic • There are other parts of the code that can fail • Apply the tactic of testing expected outcomes

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#frontendtesting Visual regression tests check for inconsistencies in the view.

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#frontendtesting Before After Difference

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#frontendtesting casper.start(“/home”).then(function(){ // Initial state of form phantomcss .screenshot(“#signUpForm”, “sign up form”); // Hit the sign up button (should trigger error) casper.click(“button#signUp”); // Take a screenshot of the UI component phantomcss .screenshot(“#signUpForm”, “sign up form error”); // Fill in form by name attributes & submit casper.fill(“#signUpForm”, { name: “Alicia Sedlock”, email: “[email protected]” }, true); // Take a second screenshot of success state phantomcss .screenshot(“#signUpForm”, “sign up form success”); });

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#frontendtesting casper.start(“/home”).then(function(){ // Initial state of form phantomcss .screenshot(“#signUpForm”, “sign up form”); // Hit the sign up button (should trigger error) casper.click(“button#signUp”); // Take a screenshot of the UI component phantomcss .screenshot(“#signUpForm”, “sign up form error”); // Fill in form by name attributes & submit casper.fill(‘#signUpForm', { name: ‘Alicia Sedlock’, email: ‘[email protected]’ }, true); // Take a second screenshot of success state phantomcss .screenshot(“#signUpForm”, “sign up form success”); });

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#frontendtesting casper.start(“/home”).then(function(){ // Initial state of form phantomcss .screenshot(“#signUpForm”, “sign up form”); // Hit the sign up button (should trigger error) casper.click(“button#signUp”); // Take a screenshot of the UI component phantomcss .screenshot(“#signUpForm”, “sign up form error”); // Fill in form by name attributes & submit casper.fill(‘#signUpForm', { name: ‘Alicia Sedlock’, email: ‘[email protected]’ }, true); // Take a second screenshot of success state phantomcss .screenshot(“#signUpForm”, “sign up form success”); });

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#frontendtesting casper.start(“/home”).then(function(){ // Initial state of form phantomcss .screenshot(“#signUpForm”, “sign up form”); // Hit the sign up button (should trigger error) casper.click(“button#signUp”); // Take a screenshot of the UI component phantomcss .screenshot(“#signUpForm”, “sign up form error”); // Fill in form by name attributes & submit casper.fill(‘#signUpForm', { name: ‘Alicia Sedlock’, email: ‘[email protected]’ }, true); // Take a second screenshot of success state phantomcss .screenshot(“#signUpForm”, “sign up form success”); });

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#frontendtesting casper.start(“/home”).then(function(){ // Initial state of form phantomcss .screenshot(“#signUpForm”, “sign up form”); // Hit the sign up button (should trigger error) casper.click(“button#signUp”); // Take a screenshot of the UI component phantomcss .screenshot(“#signUpForm”, “sign up form error”); // Fill in form by name attributes & submit casper.fill(‘#signUpForm', { name: ‘Alicia Sedlock’, email: ‘[email protected]’ }, true); // Take a second screenshot of success state phantomcss .screenshot(“#signUpForm”, “sign up form success”); });

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#frontendtesting casper.start(“/home”).then(function(){ // Initial state of form phantomcss .screenshot(“#signUpForm”, “sign up form”); // Hit the sign up button (should trigger error) casper.click(“button#signUp”); // Take a screenshot of the UI component phantomcss .screenshot(“#signUpForm”, “sign up form error”); // Fill in form by name attributes & submit casper.fill(‘#signUpForm', { name: ‘Alicia Sedlock’, email: ‘[email protected]’ }, true); // Take a second screenshot of success state phantomcss .screenshot(“#signUpForm”, “sign up form success”); });

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#frontendtesting casper.start(“/home”).then(function(){ // Initial state of form phantomcss .screenshot(“#signUpForm”, “sign up form”); // Hit the sign up button (should trigger error) casper.click(“button#signUp”); // Take a screenshot of the UI component phantomcss .screenshot(“#signUpForm”, “sign up form error”); // Fill in form by name attributes & submit casper.fill(‘#signUpForm', { name: ‘Alicia Sedlock’, email: ‘[email protected]’ }, true); // Take a second screenshot of success state phantomcss .screenshot(“#signUpForm”, “sign up form success”); });

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#frontendtesting Visual regression tests full pages vs. components

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#frontendtesting casper.start(“/styleguide”).then(function(){ phantomcss .screenshot(“a.link”, “link example”); phantomcss .screenshot(“.btn-primary”, “primary button”); }).then(function() { this.mouse.move(“.btn-primary”'); phantomcss .screenshot(“.btn-primary”, “button hover”); });

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#frontendtesting Visual regression tests and that responsive design thing…

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#frontendtesting phantomcss: { options: { mismatchTolerance: 0.05, screenshots: ‘tests/visual/baselines’, results: ‘tests/visual/results’, viewportSize: [1280, 800] }, src: [‘tests/visual/tests.js’] }

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#frontendtesting phantomcss: { big_size: { options: { ... viewportSize: [1280, 800] } }, small_size: { options: { ... viewportSize: [480, 320] } } }

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#frontendtesting Recap! • Fairly young concept, but is growing quickly • Test components, not full pages • Great for responsive testing

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#frontendtesting Visual regression tools • PhantomCSS/PhantomFlow • BackstopJS • Wraith • Webdriver.io • Percy.io

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#frontendtesting Accessibility tests compare your site against accessibility standards

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#frontendtesting

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#frontendtesting Tools I’ve heard of • a11y • use grunt-a11y for build tool automation • Pa11y • …that’s it for now?

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#frontendtesting Performance tests keep your project honest about performance

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#frontendtesting perfbudget: { default: { options: { url: [your site’s URL], budget: { visualComplete: '3000', SpeedIndex: ‘1500’, render: ‘500’, fullyLoaded: ‘3000’, requests: ’25’, bytesInDoc: '100000' } } } }

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#frontendtesting Tools for performance • grunt-perfbudget • gulp size • perf.js

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So, you’re saying I should use all these tools, right? #frontendtesting

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#frontendtesting Assessment • How much business logic are we off-loading to the client-side? • What is our history with regressions? • Are we constantly fixing, and re-fixing, visual/UI issues? • In general, which piece of our stack is the most instable/Jenga-like?

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Yes, you can go overboard with tests. #frontendtesting

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Yes, writing good tests takes practice. #frontendtesting

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The Excuse Corner

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This is more code to write. #frontendtesting

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This is more code to write, and my code will still have bugs. #frontendtesting

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I’m working with legacy code, and it’ll be impossible to test old features. #frontendtesting

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#frontendtesting Build A Test-Conscience Team through education, experimentation, and practice

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Thanks for listening!