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Next Layout level
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The last 10 years
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Increase in complexity
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The rise of CSS Preprocessors
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The ubiquitous framework
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…and CSS Methodologies
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Simplicity
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Embrace the new without fear
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Breaking layout
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Layout performance
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Hi, I’m Chris Wright. @cwrightdesign
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10 year old CSS files
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Simplicity
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Abstract layout
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Separation of layout and component
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Separation of layout and component
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But doesn’t solve what happens inside the component
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Content-based breakpoint approach
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9 Media Queries + more
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Content breakpoints can become unmanageable
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Most frameworks approach this problem focused on devices
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Bootstrap’s approach
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Foundation’s approach
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Problem: Forcing components to respond to screen size
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Components dependent on viewport, are brittle.
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As web designers, we’re not designing around content,but rather we’re designing places for content to flow into. - Mark Boulton
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Component flow
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A component should only need to respond to its available space, not the viewport size
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Flex row-wrap
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Not quite what we wanted
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With Flex grow
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Our first breakpoint, is defined by the elements 20 + 30 rem = 50rem
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Has more than 50 rems available
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Less than 50 rems
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What do we do if there is say, 80 rems available?
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Enter CSS Columns
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Creates a new column every 20em
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80 rems - our second breakpoint
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100 rems - our third breakpoint
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A point of clarification before we move on
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Components with a number of items
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Flex shrink gives up space when there is not enough
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Any number of items: column wrapping
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Any number of items: column wrapping
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Any number of items: column wrapping
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Any number of items: column wrapping
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Flex box pagination: Any number of items horizontally
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Nested Equal columns
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1: Flex the list item
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2: Make the card a column
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3: Add flex grow to the content
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Flexbox chronology
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Source order shifting
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Source order shifting
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http://tink.uk/flexbox-the-keyboard-navigation-disconnect/
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“Authors must use order only for visual, not logical, reordering of content.” - The spec
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Use for presentational elements that won’t be missed if they’re not there
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One case for source ordering we’ve used in the past with floats
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Display : contents
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1 2 3
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1 2 3
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1 2 3 2 1
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1 2 2 1 3
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Embracing new features without fear
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A journey from float to CSS Grid
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Minimum effort, progressive enhancement
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Build the way you always did
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Good layout starts with semantic HTML
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Add flex layer
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Add grid layer
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Clarification on shorthand
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CSS Grid: Accessibility concerns
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Don’t sacrifice the user experience for the developer convenience
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Simplifying feature detection
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Won’t trigger until display is set
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Cutting the mustard: CSS Style
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Feature detection, legacy & buggy implementation
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9/13 bugs listed on Flexbugs are IE 10 & 11
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Breaking layout
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Sometimes the wacky stuff is where the great discoveries are
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350 350 whatever is left
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1fr = 1 fraction of available space
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minmax(smallest it can be, largest it can be)
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Flexbox offsets & Margins
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Justify-content: flex-end
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Logo: Margin-right: auto https://medium.com/@samserif/flexbox-s-best-kept-secret-bd3d892826b6#.6bdkjmcbc
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CSS Grid offsets
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First, lets simplify a bit
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Sensible defaults: 1 unit each axis
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Get asymmetrical
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Margins let you break out of CSS Grid
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50% 50%
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When trying to create precision, it didn’t feel very elegant or very web-like
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Part of the problem was how I started this experiment: Grid-first
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Get burnt early, learn quicker
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Flexbox vs responsive images
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Intrinsic sizing vs Flex
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Same technique: Intrinsic Iframes
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Layout performance
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Okay…
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Benchmark: 3500 dom nodes, 200 list items
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Test: Trigger layout Average: Modern Flexbox was 0.7ms faster than float
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Test: Page load Average: Flexbox was 1.2ms slower than Float
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Test: Add 100 Items Average: Flexbox was 0.5ms slower than Float
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Most layout techniques yielded similar results
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http://goo.gl/SJrRXG
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Quick recap
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Simplifying complexity
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Component independence from screen
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Using the media query for its purpose
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Progressively enhanced layout
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Starting with what works reduces fear of the new
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Breaking layout to understand it
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Thankyou @cwrightdesign