Introducing d3.js - Speaker Deck

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@toonketels

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Insert SVG into DOM Data joins Scales Axis & labels Axis & ticks Animations Update chart when data changes

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Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) is an XML- based vector image format for two- dimensional graphics that has support for interactivity and animation. The SVG specification is an open standard developed by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) since 1999. Wikipedia

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XML based - "tags and attributes" optimized for images - better for visualization

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< s v g > < / s v g > < r e c t > < / r e c t > < p a t h > < / p a t h > < c i r c l e > < / c i r c l e > < t e x t > < / t e x t >

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< r e c t x = " 0 " w i d t h = " 5 " y = " 0 " h e i g h t = " 5 0 " > < / r e c t > < c i r c l e c x = " 1 0 0 " c y = " 2 5 0 " r = " 4 0 " > < / c i r c l e >

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Hardcoded into the HTML source

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< s v g w i d t h = " 7 0 0 " h e i g h t = " 5 0 0 " > < r e c t x = " 0 " w i d t h = " 5 " y = " 0 " h e i g h t = " 5 0 " > < / r e c t > < r e c t x = " 0 " w i d t h = " 3 1 " y = " 7 0 " h e i g h t = " 5 0 " > < / r e c t > < r e c t x = " 0 " w i d t h = " 8 6 " y = " 1 4 0 " h e i g h t = " 5 0 " > < / r e c t > < r e c t x = " 0 " w i d t h = " 4 7 4 " y = " 2 1 0 " h e i g h t = " 5 0 " > < / r e c t > < r e c t x = " 0 " w i d t h = " 3 0 8 " y = " 2 8 0 " h e i g h t = " 5 0 " > < / r e c t > < r e c t x = " 0 " w i d t h = " 7 0 0 " y = " 3 5 0 " h e i g h t = " 5 0 " > < / r e c t > < r e c t x = " 0 " w i d t h = " 6 3 0 " y = " 4 2 0 " h e i g h t = " 5 0 " > < / r e c t > < / s v g >

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Hardcode SVG into the DOM

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How to use d3 to create SVG element?

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v a r c a n v a s _ d = { w i d t h : 7 0 0 , h e i g h t : 5 0 0 } , c a n v a s = d 3 . s e l e c t ( ' # c a n v a s ' ) . a p p e n d ( ' s v g ' ) . a t t r ( ' w i d t h ' , c a n v a s _ d . w i d t h ) . a t t r ( ' h e i g h t ' , c a n v a s _ d . h e i g h t ) ;

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< d i v i d = " c a n v a s " > < s v g w i d t h = " 7 0 0 " h e i g h t = " 5 0 0 " > < / s v g > < / d i v >

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Search for existing DOM node Use . a p p e n d ( ' s v g ' ) Set attributies with . a t t r ( ' n a m e ' , ' v a l u e ' )

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How to display content in SVG?

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< r e c t x = " 0 " w i d t h = " 5 " y = " 0 " h e i g h t = " 5 0 " > < / r e c t > < r e c t x = " 0 " w i d t h = " 3 1 " y = " 7 0 " h e i g h t = " 5 0 " > < / r e c t > < r e c t x = " 0 " w i d t h = " 8 6 " y = " 1 4 0 " h e i g h t = " 5 0 " > < / r e c t > < r e c t x = " 0 " w i d t h = " 4 7 4 " y = " 2 1 0 " h e i g h t = " 5 0 " > < / r e c t > < r e c t x = " 0 " w i d t h = " 3 0 8 " y = " 2 8 0 " h e i g h t = " 5 0 " > < / r e c t > < r e c t x = " 0 " w i d t h = " 7 0 0 " y = " 3 5 0 " h e i g h t = " 5 0 " > < / r e c t > < r e c t x = " 0 " w i d t h = " 6 3 0 " y = " 4 2 0 " h e i g h t = " 5 0 " > < / r e c t >

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w i d t h y

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y = 7 0 * i w i d t h = c a n v a s _ d . w i d t h * ( d / m a x _ o v e r a l l ) 5 0 / / o u r v a l u e 1 0 0 / / m a x i m u m v a l u e 7 0 0 p x / / w i d t h = > w i d t h = 7 0 0 p x * ( 5 0 / 1 0 0 ) / / 3 5 0

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v a r d a t a = [ 2 6 0 0 9 8 9 6 , 1 7 9 8 0 4 7 5 5 , 4 9 4 4 7 8 7 9 7 , 2 7 1 8 5 0 5 8 8 8 , 1 7 6 5 6 8 6 4 6 5 v a r m a x _ o v e r a l l = d 3 . m a x ( d a t a ) ;

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d a t a . m a p ( f u n c t i o n ( d , i ) { c a n v a s . a p p e n d ( ' r e c t ' ) . a t t r ( ' x ' , 0 ) . a t t r ( ' w i d t h ' , c a n v a s _ d . w i d t h * ( d / m a x _ o v e r a l l ) ) . a t t r ( ' y ' , 7 0 * i ) . a t t r ( ' h e i g h t ' , 5 0 ) } ) ;

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d a t a . m a p ( f u n c t i o n ( d , i ) { c a n v a s . a p p e n d ( ' r e c t ' ) . a t t r ( ' x ' , 0 ) . a t t r ( ' w i d t h ' , ( f u n c t i o n ( d , i ) { r e t u r n c a n v a s _ d . w i d t h * ( d / m a x _ o v e r a l l ) } ) ( d , i ) ) . a t t r ( ' y ' , ( f u n c t i o n ( d , i ) { r e t u r n 7 0 * i ; } ) ( d , i ) ) . a t t r ( ' h e i g h t ' , 5 0 ) ; } ) ;

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c a n v a s . s e l e c t A l l ( ' r e c t ' ) . d a t a ( d a t a ) . e n t e r ( ) . a p p e n d ( ' r e c t ' ) . a t t r ( ' x ' , 0 ) . a t t r ( ' w i d t h ' , f u n c t i o n ( d , i ) { r e t u r n c a n v a s _ d . w i d t h * ( d / m a x _ o v e r a l l ) ; } ) . a t t r ( ' y ' , f u n c t i o n ( d , i ) { r e t u r n 7 0 * i ; } ) . a t t r ( ' h e i g h t ' , 5 0 )

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c a n v a s . s e l e c t A l l ( ' r e c t ' ) . d a t a ( d a t a ) . e n t e r ( ) . a p p e n d ( ' r e c t ' ) . a t t r ( ' x ' , 0 ) . a t t r ( ' w i d t h ' , f u n c t i o n ( d , i ) { r e t u r n c a n v a s _ d . w i d t h * ( d / m a x _ o v e r a l l ) } ) . a t t r ( ' y ' , f u n c t i o n ( d , i ) { r e t u r n 7 0 * i } ) . a t t r ( ' h e i g h t ' , 5 0 ) ;

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Select elements with . s e l e c t A l l ( ' r e c t ' ) Create data join with . d a t a ( d a t a ) Get the enter subcollection via . e n t e r ( ) Append the elements via . a p p e n d ( ' r e c t ' ) Set attributes with . a t t r ( ' n a m e ' , ' v a l u e ' )

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Insert SVG container (canvas) Create new elements via data binding

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I hate the math in our code, can't we use scales for that?

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a t t r ( ' w i d t h ' , f u n c t i o n ( d , i ) { r e t u r n c h a r t _ d . w i d t h * ( d / m a x _ o v e r a l l )

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a t t r ( ' w i d t h ' , f u n c t i o n ( d , i ) { r e t u r n c h a r t _ d . w i d t h * ( d / m a x _ o v e r a l l ) } ) w i d t h : d a t a = > p i x e l s v a r w i d t h = s c a l e F u n c ( 1 7 9 8 0 4 7 5 5 ) / / 3 1

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v a r d a t a = [ 2 6 0 0 9 8 9 6 , 1 7 9 8 0 4 7 5 5 , 4 9 4 4 7 8 7 9 7 , 2 7 1 8 5 0 5 8 8 8 , 1 7 6 5 6 8 6 4 6 5 , 4 0 1 5 6 9 2 3 8 0 , 3 6 1 1 6 1 2 0 9 6 ] ;

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2 6 0 0 9 8 9 6 = > 5 1 7 9 8 0 4 7 5 5 = > 3 1 4 9 4 4 7 8 7 9 7 = > 8 6 2 7 1 8 5 0 5 8 8 8 = > 4 7 4 1 7 6 5 6 8 6 4 6 5 = > 3 0 8 4 0 1 5 6 9 2 3 8 0 = > 7 0 0 3 6 1 1 6 1 2 0 9 6 = > 6 3 0

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0 = > 0 4 0 1 5 6 9 2 3 8 0 = > 7 0 0 0 = > 0 o v e r a l l _ m a x = > c h a r t _ d . w i d t h

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x = d 3 . s c a l e . l i n e a r ( ) . d o m a i n ( [ 0 , m a x _ o v e r a l l ] ) . r a n g e ( [ 0 , c h a r t _ d . w i d t h ] ) ;

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c h a r t . s e l e c t A l l ( ' r e c t ' ) . d a t a ( d a t a ) . e n t e r ( ) . a p p e n d ( ' r e c t ' ) . a t t r ( ' x ' , 0 ) . a t t r ( ' w i d t h ' , f u n c t i o n ( d , i ) { r e t u r n x ( d ) } ) . a t t r ( ' y ' , f u n c t i o n ( d , i ) { r e t u r n 6 0 * i } ) . a t t r ( ' h e i g h t ' , 5 0 ) ;

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c h a r t . s e l e c t A l l ( ' r e c t ' ) . d a t a ( d a t a ) . e n t e r ( ) . a p p e n d ( ' r e c t ' ) . a t t r ( ' x ' , 0 ) . a t t r ( ' w i d t h ' , x ) . a t t r ( ' y ' , f u n c t i o n ( d , i ) { r e t u r n 6 0 * i } ) . a t t r ( ' h e i g h t ' , 5 0 ) ;

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Create a linear scale with d 3 . s c a l e . l i n e a r ( ) Set the input domain as the lowest/highest value . d o m a i n ( [ 0 , m a x _ o v e r a l l ] ) Set the output range as the lowest/highest value . r a n g e ( [ 0 , c h a r t _ d . w i d t h ] )

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Insert SVG container (canvas) Create new elements via data binding Use linear scale to convert width

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I hate the math in our code, can't we use scales for that?

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a t t r ( ' y ' , f u n c t i o n ( d , i ) { r e t u r n i * 6 0 } )

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y : d a t a - i t e m = > p i x e l s v a r y = s o m e O t h e r S c a l e F u n c ( 1 7 9 8 0 4 7 5 5 ) / / 7 0

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v a r d a t a = [ 2 6 0 0 9 8 9 6 , 1 7 9 8 0 4 7 5 5 , 4 9 4 4 7 8 7 9 7 , 2 7 1 8 5 0 5 8 8 8 , 1 7 6 5 6 8 6 4 6 5 , 4 0 1 5 6 9 2 3 8 0 , 3 6 1 1 6 1 2 0 9 6 ] ;

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2 6 0 0 9 8 9 6 = > 0 1 7 9 8 0 4 7 5 5 = > 7 0 4 9 4 4 7 8 7 9 7 = > 1 4 0 2 7 1 8 5 0 5 8 8 8 = > 2 1 0 1 7 6 5 6 8 6 4 6 5 = > 2 8 0 4 0 1 5 6 9 2 3 8 0 = > 3 5 0 3 6 1 1 6 1 2 0 9 6 = > 4 2 0

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2 6 0 0 9 8 9 6 = > 0 1 7 9 8 0 4 7 5 5 = > ? 4 9 4 4 7 8 7 9 7 = > ? 2 7 1 8 5 0 5 8 8 8 = > ? 1 7 6 5 6 8 6 4 6 5 = > ? 4 0 1 5 6 9 2 3 8 0 = > ? 3 6 1 1 6 1 2 0 9 6 = > 5 0 0 - 6 0 2 6 0 0 9 8 9 6 = > 0 1 7 9 8 0 4 7 5 5 = > ? 4 9 4 4 7 8 7 9 7 = > ? 2 7 1 8 5 0 5 8 8 8 = > ? 1 7 6 5 6 8 6 4 6 5 = > ? 4 0 1 5 6 9 2 3 8 0 = > ? 3 6 1 1 6 1 2 0 9 6 = > h e i g h t - r a n g e B a n d

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y = d 3 . s c a l e . o r d i n a l ( ) . d o m a i n ( d a t a ) . r a n g e B a n d s ( [ 0 , c h a r t _ d . h e i g h t ] ) ;

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c h a r t . s e l e c t A l l ( ' r e c t ' ) . d a t a ( d a t a ) . e n t e r ( ) . a p p e n d ( ' r e c t ' ) . a t t r ( ' x ' , 0 ) . a t t r ( ' w i d t h ' , x ) . a t t r ( ' y ' , y ) . a t t r ( ' h e i g h t ' , 5 0 ) ;

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c h a r t . s e l e c t A l l ( ' r e c t ' ) . d a t a ( d a t a ) . e n t e r ( ) . a p p e n d ( ' r e c t ' ) . a t t r ( ' x ' , 0 ) . a t t r ( ' w i d t h ' , x ) . a t t r ( ' y ' , y ) . a t t r ( ' h e i g h t ' , y . r a n g e B a n d ) ;

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Create an ordinal scale with d 3 . s c a l e . o r d i n a l ( ) for individual items Pas all the values as input domain . d o m a i n ( d a t a ) Use rangeBands as output . r a n g e B a n d s ( [ 0 , c h a r t _ d . h e i g h t ] ) Use y . r a n g e B a n d to get the height of a bar

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Insert SVG container (canvas) Create new elements via data binding Use linear scale to convert width Use ordinal scale to convert Y value

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How do we create labels?

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axis creator function draw axis

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a x i s _ y _ f = d 3 . s v g . a x i s ( ) . s c a l e ( y ) . o r i e n t ( ' l e f t ' )

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a x i s _ y = c h a r t . a p p e n d ( ' g ' ) . a t t r ( ' c l a s s ' , ' a x i s y ' ) . c a l l ( a x i s _ y _ f ) ;

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a x i s _ y _ f = d 3 . s v g . a x i s ( ) . s c a l e ( y ) . o r i e n t ( ' l e f t ' ) . t i c k P a d d i n g ( 3 0 ) . t i c k S i z e ( 0 , 0 , 0 ) ;

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First we create an axis with d 3 . s v g . a x i s ( ) We use to scale so it knows what to draw We can set other attributes to "tune" its display Finally, draw it by appending group c h a r t . a p p e n d ( ' g ' ) And call the creator function . c a l l ( a x i s _ y _ f )

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Insert SVG container (canvas) Create new elements via data binding Use linear scale to convert width Use ordinal scale to convert Y value Display labels through axis

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How do we create those vertical lines?

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a x i s _ x _ f = d 3 . s v g . a x i s ( ) . s c a l e ( x ) . o r i e n t ( ' t o p ' ) . t i c k P a d d i n g ( 1 0 ) . t i c k s ( 5 ) . t i c k S i z e ( c h a r t _ d . h e i g h t , 0 , 0 ) a x i s _ x = c h a r t . a p p e n d ( ' g ' ) . a t t r ( ' c l a s s ' , ' a x i s x ' ) . a t t r ( ' t r a n s f o r m ' , ' t r a n s l a t e ( ' + 0 + ' , ' + c h a r t _ d . h e i g h t + ' ) ' ) . c a l l ( a x i s _ x _ f ) ;

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a x i s _ x _ f = d 3 . s v g . a x i s ( ) . s c a l e ( x ) . o r i e n t ( ' t o p ' ) . t i c k P a d d i n g ( 1 0 ) . t i c k s ( 5 ) . t i c k S i z e ( c h a r t _ d . h e i g h t , c h a r t _ d . h e i g h t , 0 ) . t i c k S u b d i v i d e ( 2 )

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We create axis just like before (create/draw) Just be sure we set a the tick size to charts height t i c k S i z e ( c h a r t _ d . h e i g h t , c h a r t _ d . h e i g h t , 0 )

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Insert SVG container (canvas) Create new elements via data binding Use linear scale to convert width Use ordinal scale to convert Y value Display labels through axis Display ticks through axis

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Should we display what the values represent as label?

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v a r d a t a = [ { v a l u e : 2 6 0 0 9 8 9 6 , n a m e : " a n g u l a r . j s " } , { v a l u e : 1 7 9 8 0 4 7 5 5 , n a m e : " b a c k b o n e . j s " } , { v a l u e : 4 9 4 4 7 8 7 9 7 , n a m e : " b a t m a n . j s " } , { v a l u e : 2 7 1 8 5 0 5 8 8 8 , n a m e : " e m b e r . j s " } , { v a l u e : 1 7 6 5 6 8 6 4 6 5 , n a m e : " k n o c k o u t . j s " } , { v a l u e : 4 0 1 5 6 9 2 3 8 0 , n a m e : " s a m m y . j s " } , { v a l u e : 3 6 1 1 6 1 2 0 9 6 , n a m e : " s p i n e . j s " } ] ;

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m a x _ o v e r a l l = d 3 . m a x ( d a t a ) , m a x _ o v e r a l l = d 3 . m a x ( d a t a , f u n c t i o n ( d , i ) { r e t u r n d . v a l u e } )

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. a t t r ( ' w i d t h ' , x ) . a t t r ( ' w i d t h ' , f u n c t i o n ( d , i ) { r e t u r n x ( d . v a l u e ) } )

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. d o m a i n ( d a t a ) . d o m a i n ( d a t a . m a p ( f u n c t i o n ( d , i ) { r e t u r n d . n a m e } ) )

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. a t t r ( ' h e i g h t ' , y ) . a t t r ( ' h e i g h t ' , f u n c t i o n ( d , i ) { r e t u r n y ( d . n a m e ) } )

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To use real labels they need to be in the data source We use data accessor functions to tell d3 what attributes to use

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Insert SVG container (canvas) Create new elements via data binding Use linear scale to convert width Use ordinal scale to convert Y value Display labels through axis Display ticks through axis

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Why is stuff not moving?

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c h a r t . s e l e c t A l l ( ' r e c t ' ) . d a t a ( d a t a ) . e n t e r ( ) . a p p e n d ( ' r e c t ' ) . a t t r ( ' x ' , 0 ) . a t t r ( ' w i d t h ' , 0 ) . a t t r ( ' y ' , f u n c t i o n ( d , i ) { r e t u r n y ( d . n a m e ) } ) . a t t r ( ' h e i g h t ' , y . r a n g e B a n d ) . s t y l e ( ' f i l l ' , ' # 3 3 3 ' ) . t r a n s i t i o n ( ) . d u r a t i o n ( 6 0 0 ) . a t t r ( ' w i d t h ' , f u n c t i o n ( d , i ) { r e t u r n x ( d . v a l u e ) } )

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a x i s _ y = c h a r t . a p p e n d ( ' g ' ) . a t t r ( ' c l a s s ' , ' a x i s y ' ) . t r a n s i t i o n ( ) . d e l a y ( 8 0 0 ) . d u r a t i o n ( 8 0 0 ) . c a l l ( a x i s _ y _ f ) ;

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To animate use . t r a n s i t i o n ( ) Transitions can have . d e l a y ( 5 0 0 ) and d u r a t i o n ( 5 0 0 ) Change a attribute/style... before and after transition, d3 will do the rest

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Insert SVG container (canvas) Create new elements via data binding Use linear scale to convert width Use ordinal scale to convert Y value Display labels through axis Display ticks through axis Animate the bars

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How could we easily update our numbers?

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No content

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We've changed the data source so that: drawChart gets called once, the first time every x seconds, updateChart gets called with new data

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b a r s = c h a r t . s e l e c t A l l ( ' r e c t ' ) . d a t a ( d a t a ) . e n t e r ( ) . a p p e n d ( ' r e c t ' ) . a t t r ( ' x ' , 0 ) . a t t r ( ' w i d t h ' , 0 ) . a t t r ( ' y ' , f u n c t i o n ( d , i ) { r e t u r n y ( d . n a m e ) } ) . a t t r ( ' h e i g h t ' , y . r a n g e B a n d ) u . s t y l e ( ' f i l l ' , ' # 3 3 3 ' ) ; b a r s . t r a n s i t i o n ( ) . d u r a t i o n ( 6 0 0 ) . a t t r ( ' w i d t h ' , f u n c t i o n ( d , i ) { r e t u r n x ( d . v a l u e ) } ) . t r a n s i t i o n ( ) . d u r a t i o n ( 4 0 0 ) . s t y l e ( ' f i l l ' , ' b l a c k ' )

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f u n c t i o n u p d a t e C h a r t ( d a t a ) { b a r s . d a t a ( d a t a ) . t r a n s i t i o n ( ) . d u r a t i o n ( 6 0 0 ) . a t t r ( ' w i d t h ' , f u n c t i o n ( d , i ) { r e t u r n x ( d . v a l u e ) } ) ; }

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To update the chart, rebind the data via . d a t a ( u p d a t e d _ d a t a ) To redraw, actually call a method that will update the display like . a t t r ( ' w i d t h ' , . . . )

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What's with all that unused whitespace?

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Ask ourself: "What would need to change to update our axis?"

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axis creator function scale function scale's input domain

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. d o m a i n ( [ 0 , 4 0 0 0 ] ) . d o m a i n ( [ 0 , 2 0 0 0 ] )

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To update the axis, just update the scale and call something on the axis again.

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/ / S e t t h e c u r r e n t o v e r a l m a x ; m a x _ o v e r a l l = d 3 . m a x ( d a t a , f u n c t i o n ( d , i ) { r e t u r n d . v a l u e } ) ; / / U p d a t e t h e x s c a l e x . d o m a i n ( [ 0 , m a x _ o v e r a l l ] ) / / U p d a t e x a x i s a x i s _ x . t r a n s i t i o n ( ) . d u r a t i o n ( 6 0 0 ) . c a l l ( a x i s _ x _ f ) ; / / U p d a t e t h e b a r s w i t h n e w d a t a b a r s . d a t a ( d a t a ) . t r a n s i t i o n ( ) . d e l a y ( 8 0 0 ) . d u r a t i o n ( 6 0 0 ) . a t t r ( ' w i d t h ' , f u n c t i o n ( d , i ) { r e t u r n x ( d . v a l u e ) } ) ;

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We can update anything Always ask: "For it to update, what needs to change?" Change that value and redraw