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Thinking Differently
Thinking Differently
Trying to reduce topdressing & core
Trying to reduce topdressing & core
aerification by careful adjustment
aerification by careful adjustment
of the growth rate & organic matter
of the growth rate & organic matter
Micah Woods
Micah Woods
Chief Scientist | Asian Turfgrass Center
Chief Scientist | Asian Turfgrass Center
www.asianturfgrass.com
www.asianturfgrass.com
November 28, 2018
November 28, 2018
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4 stories
1. Surprised at PGA Catalunya
2. The textbook way
3. I started noticing
4. Six surprising years
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My recommendations now
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1. Surprised at PGA Catalunya
1. Surprised at PGA Catalunya
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Talking about nutrient requirements, November 2012
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After Madrid, I went to meet David Bataller in Girona.
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PGA Catalunya, December
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PGA Catalunya, May
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PGA Catalunya, May
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PGA Catalunya, May
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PGA Catalunya, January
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2. The textbook way
2. The textbook way
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Moeller & Lowe
Green Section Record Vol. 54 (21)
November 4, 2016
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“the underlying problem is often excessive
organic matter just beneath the putting
surface. Core aeration, verticutting, and
topdressing are the primary agronomic
practices used to manage organic matter, but
they are disliked by most golfers.”
Moeller & Lowe, 2016
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“There are many agronomic
programs that influence the
playability and health of putting
greens, but organic matter
management is arguably the most
important.”
Moeller & Lowe, 2016
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“In general, organic matter accumulates
when programs that dilute organic matter
are not keeping pace with organic matter
production.”
Moeller & Lowe, 2016
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“0.5-1.5 cubic feet per 1,000 square feet
every 7-14 days effectively dilutes organic
matter throughout the growing season”
Moeller & Lowe, 2016
That is 0.15 to 0.45 mm (150 to 450
mL/m2) every 7 to 14 days
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Hartwiger & O’Brien, Green Section Record, July/August 2001
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O’Brien & Hartwiger, Green Section Record, March/April 2003
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“To keep organic matter content below 3-4
percent in the upper rootzone, these articles
recommend core aeration treatments that
impact 15-20 percent of the putting surface
each year and topdressing programs that
incorporate at least 40-50 cubic feet of sand
per 1,000 square feet annually.”
Moeller & Lowe, 2016
That is 12 to 15 mm per year (12 to 15 L/m2)
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“Increasing sand topdressing frequency to
every 7 to 14 days and applying at least
20.3 ft3 /1000 ft2 topdressing sand annually,
combined with routine soil cultivation to
ensure sand incorporation, are practices
that can be utilized to manage SOM.”
Schmid C.J., Gaussoin R.E., and S.A. Gaussoin. 2014. Organic
matter concentration of creeping bentgrass putting greens in the
continental U.S. and resident management impact. Applied
Turfgrass Science.
That’s a recommendation of at least 6 mm
per year (6 L/m2).
Another recommendation
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3. I started noticing
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Creeping bentgrass green in Kumamoto, Japan. No coring for multiple years.
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Creeping bentgrass in Kyushu in late summer. No coring in 13 years.
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Zoysia japonica in England, July
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Turf varieties at ATC research facility in Thailand, 2008
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Penncross and L-93 bentgrass grown from seed in Thailand
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Penncross bentgrass in Thailand
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Creeping bentgrass green in Kanagawa, March
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Articles and books
transitioned from
explaining the textbook
ways at the start, to
describing how one can
make site-specific
adjustments that break
a lot of the “rules.”
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Spreadsheet from
PACE Turf with
estimated sand
requirement based
on temperature
(growth potential).
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4. Six surprising years
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Moss on a korai green at Keya GC in Fukuoka, May 2012
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Korai green after 12 mm hollow tine and 2 mm topdress
Keya GC, May 2013
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Keya GC, June 2013
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Keya GC, August 2013
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Keya GC, August 2014
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Keya GC, March 2015
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Keya GC, August 2017
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Keya GC, August 2018
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Keya GC, August 2018
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My recommendations now
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Measuring clipping volume from putting greens
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Sample for organic matter by depth
Keya GC, May 2017
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Collecting sample by depth in Bangkok
Seashore paspalum green, November 2018
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Korai green soil profile in Bangkok
November 2018
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Korai green soil profile in Bangkok
November 2018
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Zoysia matrella 0 to 2 cm depth prior to furnace
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Zoysia matrella after burn at 360 °C
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Zoysia matrella after burn at 360 °C and then stirred
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Zoysia matrella after burn at 440 °C
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Zoysia matrella after burn at 440 °C and then stirred
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What I recommend now:
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Be aware of the textbook recommendations
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Measure the growth rate
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Measure surface firmness
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Measure soil water content
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Measure the surface layer organic matter
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Adjust to get desired results
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More information at
www.asianturfgrass.com