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P H P 7 . N E X T : T H E N E W B I T S

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D A V E Y S H A F I K • Developer • Author • Open Source Contributor • @dshafik

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h t t p s : / / d e v e l o p e r . a k a m a i . c o m

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Let’s start a conversation about mental health in tech mhprompt.org

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R E L E A S E M A N A G E R

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P H P I S D E A D ? CC-BY 2.0: Nana B Agyei

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W H A T D O E S P R O G R E S S L O O K L I K E ? CC-BY 2.0: damon jah

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C U R R E N T U S A G E

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P H P U S A G E Source: w3techs

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P H P V E R S I O N S Source: composer (seld.be)

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P H P M A J O R V E R S I O N S 5.x 46% 7.x 54%

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P H P I S E V O L V I N G CC-BY 2.0: Duncan Hull

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S H O R T E C H O T A G S P H P 5 . 4

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B I N A R Y N U M B E R S P H P 5 . 4

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S H O R T A R R A Y S Y N T A X P H P 5 . 4

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A R R A Y D E R E F E R E N C I N G P H P 5 . 4

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C L O S U R E $ T H I S B I N D I N G P H P 5 . 4

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C A L L A B L E T Y P E H I N T P H P 5 . 4

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T R A I T S P H P 5 . 4

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B U I L T I N C L I S E R V E R P H P 5 . 4

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L I S T S U P P O R T I N F O R E A C H P H P 5 . 5

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A R B I T R A R Y E X P R E S S I O N S U P P O R T F O R E M P T Y ( ) P H P 5 . 5

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S T R I N G / A R R A Y D E R E F E R E N C I N G P H P 5 . 5

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F I N A L L Y B L O C K S P H P 5 . 5

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E X T / P A S S W O R D P H P 5 . 5

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G E N E R A T O R S P H P 5 . 5

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L A N G U A G E S P E C I F I C A T I O N T H A N K S F A C E B O O K !

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E X P O N E N T O P E R A T O R ( T _ P O W ) P H P 5 . 6

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C O N S T A N T S C A L A R E X P R E S S I O N S P H P 5 . 6

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P H P D B G P H P 5 . 6

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I M P O R T F U N C T I O N S / C O N S T A N T S P H P 5 . 6

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V A R I A D I C S P H P 5 . 6

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A R G U M E N T U N P A C K I N G ( S P L A T ) P H P 5 . 6

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R E M O V E A L T E R N A T I V E P H P T A G S P H P 7 . 0

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R E M O V E P O S I X R E G E X P H P 7 . 0

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R E M O V E E X T / M Y S Q L P H P 7 . 0

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2 . 4 X F A S T E R P H P 7 . 0

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A B S T R A C T S Y N T A X T R E E P H P 7 . 0

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U N I F O R M V A R I A B L E S Y N T A X P H P 7 . 0

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E N G I N E E X C E P T I O N S P H P 7 . 0

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U N I C O D E E S C A P E S Y N T A X P H P 7 . 0

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N U L L C O A L E S C E O P E R A T O R P H P 7 . 0

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B I N D C L O S U R E O N C A L L P H P 7 . 0

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G R O U P U S E D E C L A R A T I O N S P H P 7 . 0

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G E N E R A T O R D E L E G A T I O N P H P 7 . 0

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G E N E R A T O R R E T U R N V A L U E S P H P 7 . 0

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A N O N Y M O U S C L A S S E S P H P 7 . 0

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S C A L A R T Y P E H I N T S P H P 7 . 0

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R E T U R N H I N T S P H P 7 . 0

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S T R I C T T Y P E S P H P 7 . 0

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S P A C E S H I P O P E R A T O R P H P 7 . 0

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C O M B I N E D C O M P A R I S O N O P E R A T O R P H P 7 . 0

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P R E S E N T D A Y Credit: NASA/KSC

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T O O F E W A R G U M E N T S E X C E P T I O N

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T O O F E W A R G U M E N T S E X C E P T I O N • Throw an exception when too few arguments are passed to a user defined function/method regardless of strict types • Backwards compatibility break

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function hello($whom) { echo "Hello $whom"; } hello(); 1 2 3 4 5 6 T O O F E W A R G U M E N T S E X C E P T I O N

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function hello($whom) { echo "Hello $whom"; } hello(); 1 2 3 4 5 6 T O O F E W A R G U M E N T S E X C E P T I O N

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function hello($whom) { echo "Hello $whom"; } hello(); 1 2 3 4 5 6 T O O F E W A R G U M E N T S E X C E P T I O N

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function hello($whom) { echo "Hello $whom"; } hello(); 1 2 3 4 5 6 T O O F E W A R G U M E N T S E X C E P T I O N

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function hello($whom) { echo "Hello $whom"; } hello(); 1 2 3 4 5 6 T O O F E W A R G U M E N T S E X C E P T I O N Warning: Missing argument 1 for hello(), called in on line 6 and defined in on line 1

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function hello($whom) { echo "Hello $whom"; } hello(); 1 2 3 4 5 6 T O O F E W A R G U M E N T S E X C E P T I O N Notice: Undefined variable: what in on line 4 Hello

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T O O F E W A R G U M E N T S E X C E P T I O N 1 2 3 4 5 6 function hello($whom) { echo "Hello $whom"; } hello();

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T O O F E W A R G U M E N T S E X C E P T I O N function hello($whom) { echo "Hello $whom"; } hello(); 1 2 3 4 5 6 Fatal error: Uncaught ArgumentCountError: Too few arguments to function hello(), 0 passed in on line 6 and exactly 1 expected in :1

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T O O F E W A R G U M E N T S E X C E P T I O N function hello($whom) { echo "Hello $whom"; } try { hello(); } catch (\ArgumentCountError $e) { // Handle exception } 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

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T O O F E W A R G U M E N T S E X C E P T I O N function hello($whom) { echo "Hello $whom"; } try { hello(); } catch (\ArgumentCountError $e) { // Handle exception } 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

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T O O F E W A R G U M E N T S E X C E P T I O N function hello($whom, $when) { echo "Hello $whom, have a good $when"; } try { $args = ['World']; hello(... $args); } catch (\ArgumentCountError $e) { // Handle exception } 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

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T O O F E W A R G U M E N T S E X C E P T I O N function hello($whom, $when) { echo "Hello $whom, have a good $when"; } try { $args = ['World']; hello(... $args); } catch (\ArgumentCountError $e) { // Handle exception } 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

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E X C E P T I O N H I E R A R C H Y \Throwable interface ├── \Exception implements \Throwable └── \Error implements \Throwable ├── \TypeError extends \Error ├── \ParseError extends \Error └── \AssertionError extends \Error

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E X C E P T I O N H I E R A R C H Y \Throwable interface ├── \Exception implements \Throwable └── \Error implements \Throwable ├── \TypeError extends \Error │ └── \ArgumentCountError extends \TypeError ├── \ParseError extends \Error └── \AssertionError extends \Error

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N E G A T I V E S T R I N G O F F S E T S

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N E G A T I V E S T R I N G O F F S E T S • Consistently support negative string offsets • Similar to substr() • In string character accessors • Internal functions

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N E G A T I V E S T R I N G O F F S E T S $path = "/path/to/somewhere/"; if (substr($path, -1) !== '/') { $path = substr($path, 0, -1); }

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N E G A T I V E S T R I N G O F F S E T S $path = "/path/to/somewhere/"; if ($path[-1] === '/') { $path = substr($path, 0, -1); }

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N E G A T I V E S T R I N G O F F S E T S $path = "/path/to/somewhere/"; if ($path{-1} === '/') { $path = substr($path, 0, -1); }

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S E T C H A R A C T E R S $string = "abc"; $string[-2] = "z"; // $string == "azc"

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C H E C K L E N G T H if (strlen($_POST['password']) < 8) { // Do something } if (!isset($_POST['password'][7])) { // Do something } if (!isset($_POST['password'][-8])) { // Do something }

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if (strlen($_POST['password']) < 8) { // Do something } if (!isset($_POST['password'][7])) { // Do something } if (!isset($_POST['password'][-8])) { // Do something } C H E C K L E N G T H

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if (strlen($_POST['password']) < 8) { // Do something } if (!isset($_POST['password'][7])) { // Do something } if (!isset($_POST['password'][-8])) { // Do something } C H E C K L E N G T H

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F U N C T I O N S U P P O R T strpos() stripos() substr_count() grapheme_strpos() grapheme_stripos() grapheme_extract() iconv_strpos() file_get_contents() mb_strimwidth() mb_ereg_search_setpos() mb_strpos() mb_stripos()

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C L O S U R E F R O M C A L L A B L E

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C L O S U R E F R O M C A L L A B L E class Closure { public static function fromCallable(callable $callable): Closure { ... } }

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C L O S I N G O V E R S C O P E

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C L O S I N G O V E R S C O P E class Validator { public function getValidatorCallback($validationType) { if ($validationType == 'email') { return [$this, 'emailValidation']; } return [$this, 'genericValidation']; } private function emailValidation($userData) {...} private function genericValidation($userData) {...} } $validator = new Validator(); $callback = $validator->getValidatorCallback('email'); $callback($userData);

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C L O S I N G O V E R S C O P E class Validator { public function getValidatorCallback($validationType) { if ($validationType == 'email') { return [$this, 'emailValidation']; } return [$this, 'genericValidation']; } private function emailValidation($userData) {...} private function genericValidation($userData) {...} } $validator = new Validator(); $callback = $validator->getValidatorCallback('email'); $callback($userData);

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C L O S I N G O V E R S C O P E class Validator { public function getValidatorCallback($validationType) { if ($validationType == 'email') { return [$this, 'emailValidation']; } return [$this, 'genericValidation']; } private function emailValidation($userData) {...} private function genericValidation($userData) {...} } $validator = new Validator(); $callback = $validator->getValidatorCallback('email'); $callback($userData);

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C L O S I N G O V E R S C O P E class Validator { public function getValidatorCallback($validationType) { if ($validationType == 'email') { return [$this, 'emailValidation']; } return [$this, 'genericValidation']; } private function emailValidation($userData) {...} private function genericValidation($userData) {...} } $validator = new Validator(); $callback = $validator->getValidatorCallback('email'); $callback($userData);

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C L O S I N G O V E R S C O P E class Validator { public function getValidatorCallback($validationType) { if ($validationType == 'email') { return [$this, 'emailValidation']; } return [$this, 'genericValidation']; } private function emailValidation($userData) {...} private function genericValidation($userData) {...} } $validator = new Validator(); $callback = $validator->getValidatorCallback('email'); $callback($userData);

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C L O S I N G O V E R S C O P E class Validator { public function getValidatorCallback($validationType) { if ($validationType == 'email') { return [$this, 'emailValidation']; } return [$this, 'genericValidation']; } private function emailValidation($userData) {...} private function genericValidation($userData) {...} } $validator = new Validator(); $callback = $validator->getValidatorCallback('email'); $callback($userData);

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C L O S I N G O V E R S C O P E class Validator { public function getValidatorCallback($validationType) { if ($validationType == 'email') { return [$this, 'emailValidation']; } return [$this, 'genericValidation']; } private function emailValidation($userData) {...} private function genericValidation($userData) {...} } $validator = new Validator(); $callback = $validator->getValidatorCallback('email'); $callback($userData);

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C L O S I N G O V E R S C O P E class Validator { public function getValidatorCallback($validationType) { if ($validationType == 'email') { return [$this, 'emailValidation']; } return [$this, 'genericValidation']; } private function emailValidation($userData) {...} private function genericValidation($userData) {...} } $validator = new Validator(); $callback = $validator->getValidatorCallback('email'); $callback($userData);

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C L O S I N G O V E R S C O P E class Validator { public function getValidatorCallback($validationType) { if ($validationType == 'email') { return [$this, 'emailValidation']; } return [$this, 'genericValidation']; } private function emailValidation($userData) {...} private function genericValidation($userData) {...} } $validator = new Validator(); $callback = $validator->getValidatorCallback('email'); $callback($userData);

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C L O S I N G O V E R S C O P E Fatal error: Uncaught Error: Call to private method Validator::emailValidation() from context '' in :

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C L O S I N G O V E R S C O P E class Validator { public function getValidatorCallback($validationType) { if ($validationType == 'email') { return [$this, 'emailValidation']; } return [$this, 'genericValidation']; } private function emailValidation($userData) {...} private function genericValidation($userData) {...} } $validator = new Validator(); $callback = $validator->getValidatorCallback('email'); $callback($userData);

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C L O S I N G O V E R S C O P E class Validator { public function getValidatorCallback($validationType) { if ($validationType == 'email') { return [$this, 'emailValidation']; } return [$this, 'genericValidation']; } public function emailValidation($userData) {...} public function genericValidation($userData) {...} } $validator = new Validator(); $callback = $validator->getValidatorCallback('email'); $callback($userData);

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C L O S I N G O V E R S C O P E class Validator { public function getValidatorCallback($validationType) { if ($validationType == 'email') { return [$this, 'emailValidation']; } return [$this, 'genericValidation']; } private function emailValidation($userData) {...} private function genericValidation($userData) {...} } $validator = new Validator(); $callback = $validator->getValidatorCallback('email'); $callback($userData);

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C L O S I N G O V E R S C O P E class Validator { public function getValidatorCallback($validationType) { if ($validationType == 'email') { return Closure::fromCallable([$this, 'emailValidation']); } return Closure::fromCallable([$this, 'genericValidation']); } private function emailValidation($userData) {...} private function genericValidation($userData) {...} } $validator = new Validator(); $callback = $validator->getValidatorCallback('email'); $callback($userData);

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C L O S I N G O V E R S C O P E class Validator { public function getValidatorCallback($validationType) { if ($validationType == 'email') { return Closure::fromCallable([$this, 'emailValidation']); } return Closure::fromCallable([$this, 'genericValidation']); } private function emailValidation($userData) {...} private function genericValidation($userData) {...} } $validator = new Validator(); $callback = $validator->getValidatorCallback('email'); $callback($userData);

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B E T T E R E R R O R H A N D L I N G

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B E T T E R E R R O R H A N D L I N G class Validator { public function getValidatorCallback($validationType) { if ($validationType == 'email') { return Closure::fromCallable([$this, 'emailValidation']); } return Closure::fromCallable([$this, 'genericValidation']); } private function emailValidation($userData) {...} private function genericValidation($userData) {...} } $validator = new Validator(); $callback = $validator->getValidatorCallback('email'); $callback($userData);

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B E T T E R E R R O R H A N D L I N G class Validator { public function getValidatorCallback($validationType) { if ($validationType == 'email') { return Closure::fromCallable([$this, 'emailValdation']); } return Closure::fromCallable([$this, 'genericValidation']); } private function emailValidation($userData) {...} private function genericValidation($userData) {...} } $validator = new Validator(); $callback = $validator->getValidatorCallback('email'); $callback($userData);

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B E T T E R E R R O R H A N D L I N G TypeError: Failed to create closure from callable: class 'Validator' does not have a method 'emailValdation' in :

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B E T T E R E R R O R H A N D L I N G TypeError: Failed to create closure from callable: function 'foo' not found or invalid function name in :

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C L A S S C O N S T A N T V I S I B I L I T Y

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C L A S S C O N S T A N T V I S I B I L I T Y class MyClass { const MY_CONSTANT = 0; const MY_OTHER_CONSTANT = 1; const MY_FAVORITE_CONSTANT = 2; const FOO = 1, BAR = 2; }

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C L A S S C O N S T A N T V I S I B I L I T Y class MyClass { public const MY_CONSTANT = 0; protected const MY_OTHER_CONSTANT = 1; private const MY_FAVORITE_CONSTANT = 2; private const FOO = 1, BAR = 2; }

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C L A S S C O N S T A N T V I S I B I L I T Y class MyClass { public const MY_CONSTANT = 0; protected const MY_OTHER_CONSTANT = 1; private const MY_FAVORITE_CONSTANT = 2; private const FOO = 1, BAR = 2; }

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C L A S S C O N S T A N T V I S I B I L I T Y class MyClass { public const MY_CONSTANT = 0; protected const MY_OTHER_CONSTANT = 1; private const MY_FAVORITE_CONSTANT = 2; private const FOO = 1, BAR = 2; }

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C L A S S C O N S T A N T V I S I B I L I T Y class MyClass { public const MY_CONSTANT = 0; protected const MY_OTHER_CONSTANT = 1; private const MY_FAVORITE_CONSTANT = 2; private const FOO = 1, BAR = 2; }

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I N T E R F A C E C O N S T A N T V I S I B I L I T Y interface MyInterface { public const MY_CONSTANT = 0; protected const MY_OTHER_CONSTANT = 1; private const MY_FAVORITE_CONSTANT = 2; private const FOO = 1, BAR = 2; }

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E N H A N C E M E N T S T O R E F L E C T I O N • Added ReflectionClass->getReflectionConstant() • Added ReflectionClass->getReflectionConstants() • Both return ReflectionClassConstant instances

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E N H A N C E M E N T S T O R E F L E C T I O N class ReflectionClassConstant { public function getName() { } public function getValue() { } public function isPublic() { } public function isPrivate() { } public function isProtected() { } public function getModifiers() { } public function getDeclaringClass() { } public function getDocComment() { } }

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C A T C H I N G M U L T I P L E E X C E P T I O N S

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C A T C H I N G M U L T I P L E E X C E P T I O N S try { ... } catch (\PDOException $e) { \My\App::renderError(500); } catch (\My\RequestException $e) { \My\App::renderError(500); } catch (\My\RequestMethodException $e) { \My\App::renderError(405); }

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C A T C H I N G M U L T I P L E E X C E P T I O N S try { ... } catch (\PDOException $e) { \My\App::renderError(500); } catch (\My\RequestException $e) { \My\App::renderError(500); } catch (\My\RequestMethodException $e) { \My\App::renderError(405); }

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C A T C H I N G M U L T I P L E E X C E P T I O N S try { ... } catch (\PDOException $e) { \My\App::renderError(500); } catch (\My\RequestException $e) { \My\App::renderError(500); } catch (\My\RequestMethodException $e) { \My\App::renderError(405); }

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C A T C H I N G M U L T I P L E E X C E P T I O N S try { ... } catch (\PDOException $e) { \My\App::renderError(500); } catch (\My\RequestException $e) { \My\App::renderError(500); } catch (\My\RequestMethodException $e) { \My\App::renderError(405); }

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C A T C H I N G M U L T I P L E E X C E P T I O N S try { ... } catch (\PDOException $e) { \My\App::renderError(500); } catch (\My\RequestException $e) { \My\App::renderError(500); } catch (\My\RequestMethodException $e) { \My\App::renderError(405); }

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C A T C H I N G M U L T I P L E E X C E P T I O N S try { ... } catch (\PDOException | \My\RequestException $e) { \My\App::renderError(500); } catch (\My\RequestMethodException $e) { \My\App::renderError(405); }

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L I S T ( ) I M P R O V E M E N T S

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S P E C I F Y I N G K E Y S I N L I S T ( )

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S Y D N E Y

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S P E C I F Y I N G K E Y S I N L I S T ( ) $coords = [ 'lat' => '33.8688° S', 'long' => '151.2093° E' ]; list($lat, $long) = $coords; var_dump($lat, $long);

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S P E C I F Y I N G K E Y S I N L I S T ( ) $coords = [ 'lat' => '33.8688° S', 'long' => '151.2093° E' ]; list($lat, $long) = $coords; var_dump($lat, $long); Notice: Undefined offset: 0 Notice: Undefined offset: 1

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S P E C I F Y I N G K E Y S I N L I S T ( ) $coords = [ 'lat' => '33.8688° S', 'long' => '151.2093° E' ]; list($lat, $long) = $coords; var_dump($lat, $long); $lat === NULL $long === NULL

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S P E C I F Y I N G K E Y S I N L I S T ( ) $coords = [ 'lat' => '33.8688° S', 'long' => '151.2093° E' ]; list($lat, $long) = $coords; var_dump($lat, $long);

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S P E C I F Y I N G K E Y S I N L I S T ( ) $coords = [ 'lat' => '33.8688° S', 'long' => '151.2093° E' ]; list('lat' => $lat, 'long' => $long) = $coords; var_dump($lat, $long);

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S P E C I F Y I N G K E Y S I N L I S T ( ) $coords = [ 'lat' => '33.8688° S', 'long' => '151.2093° E' ]; list('lat' => $lat, 'long' => $long) = $coords; var_dump($lat, $long); $lat === '33.8688° S' $long === '151.2093° E'

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S I N G A P O R E

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S P E C I F Y I N G K E Y S I N L I S T ( ) $coords = [ 'lat' => '1.3521° N', 'long' => '103.8198° E' ]; list($lat, $long) = $coords; var_dump($lat, $long);

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S P E C I F Y I N G K E Y S I N L I S T ( ) $coords = [ 'lat' => '1.3521° N', 'long' => '103.8198° E' ]; list($lat, $long) = $coords; var_dump($lat, $long); Notice: Undefined offset: 0 Notice: Undefined offset: 1

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S P E C I F Y I N G K E Y S I N L I S T ( ) $coords = [ 'lat' => '1.3521° N', 'long' => '103.8198° E' ]; list($lat, $long) = $coords; var_dump($lat, $long); $lat === NULL $long === NULL

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S P E C I F Y I N G K E Y S I N L I S T ( ) $coords = [ 'lat' => '1.3521° N', 'long' => '103.8198° E' ]; list($lat, $long) = $coords; var_dump($lat, $long);

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S P E C I F Y I N G K E Y S I N L I S T ( ) $coords = [ 'lat' => '1.3521° N', 'long' => '103.8198° E' ]; list('lat' => $lat, 'long' => $long) = $coords; var_dump($lat, $long);

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S P E C I F Y I N G K E Y S I N L I S T ( ) $coords = [ 'lat' => '1.3521° N', 'long' => '103.8198° E' ]; list('lat' => $lat, 'long' => $long) = $coords; var_dump($lat, $long); $lat === '1.3521° N' $long === '103.8198° E'

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A T L A N T A

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S P E C I F Y I N G K E Y S I N L I S T ( ) $coords = [ 'lat' => '33.7490° N', 'long' => '84.3880° W' ]; list($lat, $long) = $coords; var_dump($lat, $long);

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S P E C I F Y I N G K E Y S I N L I S T ( ) $coords = [ 'lat' => '33.7490° N', 'long' => '84.3880° W' ]; list($lat, $long) = $coords; var_dump($lat, $long); Notice: Undefined offset: 0 Notice: Undefined offset: 1

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S P E C I F Y I N G K E Y S I N L I S T ( ) $coords = [ 'lat' => '33.7490° N', 'long' => '84.3880° W' ]; list($lat, $long) = $coords; var_dump($lat, $long); $lat === NULL $long === NULL

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S P E C I F Y I N G K E Y S I N L I S T ( ) $coords = [ 'lat' => '33.7490° N', 'long' => '84.3880° W' ]; list($lat, $long) = $coords; var_dump($lat, $long);

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S P E C I F Y I N G K E Y S I N L I S T ( ) $coords = [ 'lat' => '33.7490° N', 'long' => '84.3880° W' ]; list('lat' => $lat, 'long' => $long) = $coords; var_dump($lat, $long);

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S P E C I F Y I N G K E Y S I N L I S T ( ) $coords = [ 'lat' => '33.7490° N', 'long' => '84.3880° W' ]; list('lat' => $lat, 'long' => $long) = $coords; var_dump($lat, $long); $lat === '33.7490° N’ $long === '84.3880° W'

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S K I P P I N G N U M E R I C K E Y S

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S K I P P I N G N U M E R I C K E Y S list( , $lat, $long, , , $name ) = getLocation();

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S K I P P I N G N U M E R I C K E Y S list( , $lat, $long, , , $name ) = getLocation();

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S K I P P I N G N U M E R I C K E Y S list( 1 => $lat, 2 => $long, 5 => $name ) = getLocation();

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S H O R T L I S T ( ) S Y N T A X

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S H O R T L I S T ( ) S Y N T A X list('lat' => $lat, 'long' => $long) = $coords;

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S H O R T L I S T ( ) S Y N T A X ['lat' => $lat, 'long' => $long] = $coords;

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S H O R T L I S T ( ) S Y N T A X : M U T U A L L Y E X C L U S I V E S Y N T A X // This is not allowed: list([$a, $b], [$c, $d]) = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]; // This is also not allowed: [list($a, $b), list($c, $d)] = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]; // This, however, is allowed: [[$a, $b], [$c, $d]] = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]; // This also: list(list($a, $b), list($c, $d)) = [[1, 2], [3, 4]];

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I T E R A B L E P S U E D O T Y P E

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I T E R A B L E P S U E D O T Y P E • Similar to callable but values you can foreach, or yield • Accepts any array, or object that implements Traversable • SPL Iterators • Generators • Can be used for return value • Not generic objects

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I T E R A B L E P S U E D O T Y P E function enumerate(iterable $args) { foreach ($args as $arg) { echo $args; } }

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I T E R A B L E P S U E D O T Y P E function enumerate(iterable $args) { foreach ($args as $arg) { echo $args; } }

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I T E R A B L E P S U E D O T Y P E : R E T U R N T Y P E function compactor(... $args): iterable { return $args; }

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I T E R A B L E P S U E D O T Y P E : R E T U R N T Y P E function compactor(... $args): iterable { return $args; }

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I T E R A B L E P S U E D O T Y P E : G E N E R A T O R S function compactor(... $args): iterable { foreach ($args as $arg) { yield $arg; } }

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A D D S I S _ I T E R A B L E ( ) F U N C T I O N // true is_iterable([1, 2, 3]); is_iterable(new ArrayIterator([1, 2, 3])); is_iterable((function () { yield 1; })()); // false is_iterable(1); is_iterable("Hello World"); is_iterable(new stdClass());

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V O I D R E T U R N T Y P E

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V O I D R E T U R N T Y P E • PHP functions implicitly return null • There is a semantic difference between returning null, and returning nothing (or not returning) • Void enforces this behavior • Can only be used as a return type • Cannot be changed in sub-classes

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function return_nothing(): void { return null; } V O I D R E T U R N T Y P E

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function return_nothing(): void { return null; } V O I D R E T U R N T Y P E

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function return_nothing(): void { return null; } V O I D R E T U R N T Y P E

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V O I D R E T U R N T Y P E function return_nothing(): void { return null; } Fatal error: A void function must not return a value (did you mean "return;" instead of "return null;"?)

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V O I D R E T U R N T Y P E function return_nothing(): void { return "nothing"; } Fatal error: A void function must not return a value

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V O I D R E T U R N T Y P E function return_nothing(): void { return; } // or function return_nothing(): void { // no return }

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N U L L A B L E T Y P E S

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N U L L A B L E T Y P E S • Allow specified type, or null • Requires an explicit null, doesn’t default to null • Works for Arguments & Return Types • Prefix type with a ? (question mark)

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function hello(string $whom) { echo "Hello " . ($whom ?? "World"); } hello(); N U L L A B L E T Y P E S

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function hello(string $whom) { echo "Hello " . ($whom ?? "World"); } hello(); N U L L A B L E T Y P E S

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function hello(string $whom) { echo "Hello " . ($whom ?? "World"); } hello(); N U L L A B L E T Y P E S

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N U L L A B L E T Y P E S function hello(string $whom) { echo "Hello " . ($whom ?? "World"); } hello(); Fatal error: Uncaught ArgumentCountError: Too few arguments to function hello(), 0 passed in on line 6 and exactly 1 expected in :1

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N U L L A B L E T Y P E S function hello(string $whom = null) { echo "Hello " . ($whom ?? "World"); } hello();

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N U L L A B L E T Y P E S function hello(string $whom = null) { echo "Hello " . ($whom ?? "World"); } hello();

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function hello(?string $whom) { echo "Hello " . ($whom ?? "World"); } hello(); N U L L A B L E T Y P E S

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function hello(?string $whom) { echo "Hello " . ($whom ?? "World"); } hello(); N U L L A B L E T Y P E S

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N U L L A B L E T Y P E S function hello(?string $whom) { echo "Hello " . ($whom ?? "World"); } hello(); Fatal error: Uncaught ArgumentCountError: Too few arguments to function hello(), 0 passed in on line 6 and exactly 1 expected in :1

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N U L L A B L E T Y P E S function hello(?string $whom) { echo "Hello " . ($whom ?? "World"); } hello(null);

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N U L L A B L E T Y P E S function hello(?string $whom = null) { echo "Hello " . ($whom ?? "World"); } hello(null);

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N U L L A B L E T Y P E S function hello(?string $whom = null) { echo "Hello " . ($whom ?? "World"); } hello();

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N U L L A B L E R E T U R N T Y P E S

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N U L L A B L E T Y P E S function hello(?string $whom): string { if ($whom !== null) { return "Hello $whom"; } } echo hello("World"); // Hello World

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function hello(?string $whom): string { if ($whom !== null) { return "Hello $whom"; } } echo hello("World"); // Hello World N U L L A B L E T Y P E S

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function hello(?string $whom): string { if ($whom !== null) { return "Hello $whom"; } } echo hello("World"); // Hello World N U L L A B L E T Y P E S

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N U L L A B L E T Y P E S function hello(?string $whom): string { if ($whom !== null) { return "Hello $whom"; } } echo hello(null);

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N U L L A B L E T Y P E S TypeError: Return value of hello() must be of the type string, none returned

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N U L L A B L E T Y P E S function hello(?string $whom): string { if ($whom !== null) { return "Hello $whom"; } } echo hello(null);

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N U L L A B L E T Y P E S function hello(?string $whom): ?string { if ($whom !== null) { return "Hello $whom"; } } echo hello(null);

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N U L L A B L E T Y P E S TypeError: Return value of hello() must be of the type string, none returned

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N U L L A B L E T Y P E S function hello(?string $whom): ?string { if ($whom !== null) { return "Hello $whom"; } } echo hello(null);

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N U L L A B L E T Y P E S function hello(?string $whom): ?string { if ($whom !== null) { return "Hello $whom"; } return; } echo hello(null);

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N U L L A B L E T Y P E S Fatal error: A function with return type must return a value (did you mean "return null;" instead of "return;"?)

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N U L L A B L E T Y P E S function hello(?string $whom): ?string { if ($whom !== null) { return "Hello $whom"; } return; } echo hello(null);

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N U L L A B L E T Y P E S function hello(?string $whom): ?string { if ($whom !== null) { return "Hello $whom"; } return null; } echo hello(null); // null

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C U R R E N T : P H P 7 . 1 . 5

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B E Y O N D P H P 7 . 1

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C U R R E N T L Y 1 5 R F C S I M P L E M E N T E D

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8 M O R E A C C E P T E D ( A N D O N E F O R P H P 8 . 0 ! )

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1 4 M O R E I N D I S C U S S I O N ( A N D A N O T H E R O N E F O R P H P 8 . 0 ! )

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W E W A N T Y O U ! Credit: NASA

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I N S U M M A R Y

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I S G R E A T !

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C O M I N G S O O N !

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T H E F U T U R E I S A W E S O M E ! CC-BY-SA: Steven Gerner

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F E E D B A C K Feedback: Twitter: Email: Slides: https://joind.in/talk/ @dshafik dshafik@akamai.com http://daveyshafik.com/slides f33ff