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Awesome New OOP Stuff in Kristopher Wilson [email protected] twitter.com/mrkrstphr github.com/mrkrstphr

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PHP < 5.0 ■ OOP didn't really exist. Sure there were classes; that's about it.

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PHP 5 ■ Released: 13 July 2004 ■ Really real OOP! ■ Cool new things like: Abstract Class, Interface, Public/Private/Protected, Constructors, Destructors! ■ Subsequent releases: ○ 5.1: 24 Nov 2005 ○ 5.2: 02 Nov 2006 ○ 6.0: LOL

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PHP 5.3

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PHP 5.3 ■ Released: 30 Jun 2009 ■ End of Life: March 2013 ■ UPGRADE!

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Namespaces

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PHP 5.3: Namespaces What is a namespace?

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PHP 5.3: Namespaces What is a namespace? Named collection of "stuff" Classes! Functions! Constants! Variables! Interfaces!

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PHP 5.3: Namespaces What is a namespace? Named collection of "stuff" Classes! Functions! Constants! Variables! Interfaces! Sounds like some messy code...

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PHP 5.3: Namespaces A namespace is a declared, named scoping mechanism

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PHP 5.3: Namespaces A namespace is a declared, named scoping mechanism A namespace must be the first line of code in a file. Unless you have multiple namespaces in one file...

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PHP 5.3: Namespaces A namespace is a declared, named scoping mechanism A namespace must be the first line of code in a file. Unless you have multiple namespaces in one file...

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PHP 5.3: Namespaces Classes are declared in a namespace and belong to that namespace.

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PHP 5.3: Namespaces

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PHP 5.3: Namespaces Everything is in a namespace! ■ Since PHP 5.3, every class, function, variable, constant, etc is located within a namespace, even if you don't use them. ■ If it isn't explicitly in a namespace, it is in the global namespace (or global scope). ■ The global namespace in PHP is called: \

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PHP 5.3: Namespaces When working inside of a namespace, all internal PHP classes are located outside of your namespace. To access them, you must precede them by their namespace name (\). '); } }

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PHP 5.3: Namespaces setOther(new OtherClass()); The use keyword lets you import a resources from a namespace into your current scope. This helps keep classnames short. A good IDE will generate the use statements for you.

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PHP 5.3: Namespaces '); } } Even classes in the global scope can be imported.

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PHP 5.3: Namespaces

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PHP 5.3: Namespaces

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PHP 5.3: Namespaces

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PHP 5.3: Namespaces In fact... The PSR-0 PHP standard defines the way in which you should setup your namespaces. ■ A namespace must begin with a Vendor Name ■ The second part should be the name of the package ■ Further hierarchy is up to the developer, but usually is grouped by component. Example: namespace Doctrine\ORM\Mapping;

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PHP 5.3: Namespaces PSR-0 Directory Mapping Further, your namespace hierarchy should map 1 for 1 with your directory structure in your source code directory. Namespace: namespace Doctrine\ORM\Mapping; Source Code: /path/to/MyProject/src/Doctrine/ORM/Mapping /Annotation.php /Column.php

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PHP 5.3: Namespaces PSR-0 Namespace Standard Following PSR-0 allows for autoloader interoperability. This means that, when following PSR-0, resources in your source or library can be autoloaded like any other PSR-0 conforming library. It also makes package managers like Composer work well. Learn more: https://github.com/php-fig

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PHP 5.3: Namespaces Why is this so awesome? ■ Clean organization of your code ○ Aids in separation of concerns by giving "packages" ○ Allows use of shorter class names ■ Easily use 3rd party libraries without conflict (aliasing) ■ Provides a common format for autoloader interoperability (PSR-0)

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Late Static Binding

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PHP 5.3: Late Static Binding Previously in PHP, when using a static class, you couldn't access an inherited, overridden method or variable.

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PHP 5.3: Late Static Binding

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PHP 5.3: Late Static Binding

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Late Static Binding!

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PHP 5.3: Late Static Binding

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PHP 5.3: Late Static Binding

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PHP 5.3: Late Static Binding Now in PHP, you can totally access an inherited, overridden method or variable. ■ The self keyword refers to whatever class it is used in, regardless of inheritance. ■ The static keyword refers to whatever class it is called on, and is evaluated when called, instead of where declared. That being said, limit your use of static classes. They can make testing your code more difficult.

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PHP 5.4

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PHP 5.4 ■ Released: 01 March 2012

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Traits

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PHP 5.4: Traits ■ PHP has a single inheritance model. You can only inherit from one class. ■ Sure, you can implement oodles of interfaces, but you still have to rewrite the implementation several times. ■ This is not DRY. ■ PHP 5.4 solved this problem by introducing traits.

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PHP 5.4: Traits What is a trait?

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PHP 5.4: Traits What is a trait? A trait is a reusable, defined set of methods and variables that any number of classes can "import" into itself. It's like inheritance, but not quite.

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PHP 5.4: Traits Defined like classes firstName = $firstName; } public function getFirstName() { return $this->firstName; } public function setLastName($lastName) { $this->lastName = $lastName; } public function getLastName() { return $this->lastName; } }

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PHP 5.4: Traits "Imported" into Classes

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PHP 5.4: Traits Use Multiple Traits!

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PHP 5.4: Traits Now things have stuff! setFirstName('Carl') ->setLastName('Winslow');

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PHP 5.4: Traits Benefits ■ Reusable code ■ Identical syntax (methods, behavior) for things that have the same attributes and behaviors ■ Multiple inheritance. Things can be more than one thing!

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Short Array Syntax (not OOP)

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PHP 5.4: Short Array Syntax Long gone are the days of using the array() language construct! $users = array('Bob', 'Sue', 'Frank', 'Thomas'); $users = ['Bob', 'Sue', 'Frank', 'Thomas'];

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PHP 5.4: Short Array Syntax Long gone are the days of using the array() language construct! $users = array('Bob', 'Sue', 'Frank', 'Thomas'); $users = ['Bob', 'Sue', 'Frank', 'Thomas']; This. Is. So. Awesome.

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Function Array Return Dereferencing (can be helpful with OOP)

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PHP 5.4: Function Array Return Dereferencing Code using functions (or methods!) that return arrays can now use the result immediately, without having to store in a variable. 'Cabrera', 'firstName' => 'Miguel' } echo getUser()['lastName'] . "\n"; Variables are so 2012.

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Short Echo Tags (not OOP)

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PHP 5.4: Short Echo Tags ■ Always on. Always awesome
    users as $user): ?>
  • getLastName() ?>, getFirstName() ?>
    getHobbiesInterestsAndThoughtsOnLife() ?>

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PHP 5.5

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PHP 5.5 ■ Released: 18 Jul 2013 ■ Generators: Return early from functions. ■ try { } catch {} finally {} (finally) ■ Foreach now supports list() foreach ($array as list($a, $b)) {} ■ Password Hashing API