Design Tools & ConstraintLayout

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Design Tools & ConstraintLayout +NicolasRoard @camaelon

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ConstraintLayout

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Android Layouts • Position widgets • Need to adapt to varying conditions: • screen size • density • languages • Narrow focused, combinable layouts

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ConstraintLayout • Expressive Layout Manager • Flat Layouts • Deep integration with Android Studio + Layout Editor • Unbundled Library • Compatible with 99% of devices

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Once upon a time

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The Tetris Model

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The Tetris Model • Relatively easy at ﬁrst

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The Tetris Model • Relatively easy at ﬁrst • Can get very complex very quickly

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The Tetris Model • Change is hard • Impose limits for animation / transitions • Not conductive to a great design tool experience • Performance can become an issue

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Layout != Views

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Flat Layouts • Layout deﬁnition is not mixed with the view hierarchy • Easy to manipulate in a graphical editor • Easy to change • Animation friendly • Keep layout computation in a single place

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https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2017/08/understanding-performance-beneﬁts-of.html CL 1.0.2, Nexus 5X Measure / Layout (unit: ms, average of 100 frames)

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Expressivity

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Solver

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Simplex • Linear Programming • Invented by Georges Dantzig in 1947 • Large, empty matrices representing the equations

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Example Minimize Constrained by Z x y z s t = Basic Feasible Solution (BFS) Matrix representation (plus slack variables s & t) Pivot on z, row 2 BFS Objective row

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Pros / Cons • Very ﬂexible, can represent any type of layout situation • But “relatively” heavy computation compared to simple layouts • Can be more memory intensive • Specifying layout via equations?…

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ConstraintLayout solver • Pure java • Represents the system matrix as rows of sparse arrays • Memory Efﬁcient • Efﬁcient incremental construction • Has to have good performances on both Dalvik and Art

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Constraints Model

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Constraints Model • Simple model — relative positioning, centering • No Equations exposed • Evolving (bias, new dimension constraints, etc.)

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Constraints Model

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Constraints Model

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Constraints Model

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Constraints Model

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Constraint Layout Solver Constraints Model

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Constraint Layout Solver Constraints Model Optimizer

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What to Keep in Mind • match_constraint is more costly, as we need to remeasure • wrap_content, ﬁxed dimension are cheaper • Fixed endpoints help to resolve directly, bypassing the solver • e.g match_constraint with no min/max, guidelines…

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Android Studio

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Visual Designer

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Visual Designer Visualize

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Visual Designer Visualize XML Layout ﬁle

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Visual Designer Visualize LayoutLib XML Layout ﬁle

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Visual Designer Visualize LayoutLib XML Layout ﬁle Layout Editor

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Visual Designer Visualize Create LayoutLib XML Layout ﬁle Layout Editor

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Visual Designer Visualize Create Easy to use LayoutLib XML Layout ﬁle Layout Editor

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Tools

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Inspector

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Full Inspector

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Slices of Data

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Slices of Data Layout

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Slices of Data Layout Dimen

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Slices of Data Layout Dimen Strings

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Slices of Data Layout Dimen Strings

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Slices of Data Layout Dimen Strings

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Slices of Data Layout Dimen Strings

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Slices of Data Layout Dimen Strings Slices of relevant Data

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Advanced Inspector

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Advanced Inspector

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Advanced Inspector

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Advanced Inspector

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Advanced Inspector

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Inspector - creating constraints You can create a quick constraint by clicking on the “+” buttons

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Inference • Based on probability a model for connections • Constrains unconstrained views • Does not move views (not an alignment tool)

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Inference • Based on probability a model for connections • Constrains unconstrained views • Does not move views (not an alignment tool)

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Inference • Based on probability a model for connections • Constrains unconstrained views • Does not move views (not an alignment tool)

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Inference • Based on probability a model for connections • Constrains unconstrained views • Does not move views (not an alignment tool)

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Tools

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Tools

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Useful shortcuts • to select a parent group • to switch between XML and Design mode • double-click on included elements

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Tools attributes & Sample Data

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Tools attributes • tools: • tools:showIn • tools:layout • tools:listitem • tools:parentTag override attributes at design time shows this layout embedded in another one which layout to use for a fragment which layout for a list item deﬁne which layout to use as parent for merge tag https://developer.android.com/studio/write/tool-attributes.html

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Sample Data • Limited Default Adapter

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Sample Data • Limited Default Adapter • Specify content

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Sample Data • Limited Default Adapter • Specify content • tools:listitem

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Sample Data • Limited Default Adapter • Specify content • tools:listitem • sample data! tools:text=“@tools:sample/full_names” tools:text=“@tools:sample/us_phones”

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Sample Data • Limited Default Adapter • Specify content • tools:listitem • sample data! • create a sample data folder

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Sample Data • Limited Default Adapter • Specify content • tools:listitem • sample data! • create a sample data folder • add a color ﬁle

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Sample Data • Limited Default Adapter • Specify content • tools:listitem • sample data! • create a sample data folder • add a color ﬁle

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Sample Data • @tools:sample/lorem • @tools:sample/full_names • @tools:sample/us_phones • @tools:sample/date_mmddyyyy • @sample/colors • @sample/contacts.json/contacts/name …

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Sample Data • Baked-in data types • date, names, phone numbers… • JSON ﬁles • Resources in sample data folder • Text • Color • Image (collections if in folder)

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Constraints

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1.0 • Relative positioning • Center positioning & bias • Guidelines - helper objects • Chains • Dimension constraints: min/max, Ratio • ConstraintSet

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Guidelines

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Guidelines

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B Chains A Chain bi-directional constraints

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Different Chain Styles A B C Spread A B C Spread Inside A B C Weighted A B C Packed

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Different Chain Styles A B C Spread A B C Spread Inside A B C Weighted A B C Packed + bias

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Gone Behavior

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Gone Behavior

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Inadapted Margin

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Inadapted Margin

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Gone Margins

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Gone Margins

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Example

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Example

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beta 3 1.1.0

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• Barriers beta 3 1.1.0

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• Barriers beta 3 1.1.0

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• Barriers beta 3 1.1.0

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Barriers

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Barriers

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Barriers

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Barriers

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Barriers 1 2 3

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Barriers 1 2 3 4

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Barriers

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Barriers

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Barriers

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Barriers

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• Barriers • Group - apply visibility to a set of widgets beta 3 1.1.0

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Groups textview2 textview3

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Groups

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Groups Invisible Gone

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• Barriers • Group • Placeholder beta 3 1.1.0 ?

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class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() { override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState) setContentView(R.layout.activity_main) } fun select(v: View) { TransitionManager.beginDelayedTransition(main_layout) placeholder.setContentId(v.id) main_title.text= v.tag as CharSequence?;""; } } Placeholder

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• Barriers • Group • Placeholder • Percent dimensions beta 3 1.1.0

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Percent Dimension • width or height set to 0dp (“match_constraint”) • relative to the container • control behavior with: • app:layout_constraintWidth_percent=“0.20” • app:layout_constraintHeight_percent=“0.20”

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• Barriers • Group • Placeholder • Percent dimensions • Circular constraints beta 3 1.1.0

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Circular Constraints

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Example Circular Menu

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Example Circular Menu

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Example Andrew Kelly https://medium.com/devnibbles/constraintlayout-circular- positioning-9489b11cb0e5

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Example Andrew Kelly https://medium.com/devnibbles/constraintlayout-circular- positioning-9489b11cb0e5

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beta 3 1.1.0 maven { url "https://maven.google.com" } dependencies { compile 'com.android.support.constraint:constraint-layout:1.1.0-beta3' }

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Case Studies

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Case 1

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Case 1 1 2

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Case 4

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Case 2

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Example 1

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Example 1

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Example 1

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Example 1

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Example 1 1. Center connection 2. Bias set to 0 3. app:layout_constrainedWidth=“true”

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Example 1

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Case 3

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Case 3 1. Horizontal chain between (1) and (2) 2. Chain is a packed chain 3. Horizontal bias is set to 0 4. (1) has app:layout_constrainedWidth=“true”

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Case 3 1. Horizontal chain between (1) and (2) 2. Chain is a packed chain 3. Horizontal bias is set to 0 4. (1) has app:layout_constrainedWidth=“true” 1 2

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Case 4 • Flat layouts are good, but components still make sense!

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Case 4 • Using nested ConstraintLayout can be a powerful layout tool • Think: layout components

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ConstraintSet

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Layout != Views

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ConstraintLayout Views

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ConstraintLayout Views ConstraintSet

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ConstraintLayout Views ConstraintSet

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ConstraintLayout Views ConstraintSet

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ConstraintSet

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ConstraintSet • Separate views from the layout rules

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ConstraintSet • Separate views from the layout rules • Encapsulate all constraints of a layout in a single object

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ConstraintSet • Separate views from the layout rules • Encapsulate all constraints of a layout in a single object • Let you apply a ConstraintSet to an existing ConstraintLayout

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ConstraintSet • Separate views from the layout rules • Encapsulate all constraints of a layout in a single object • Let you apply a ConstraintSet to an existing ConstraintLayout • Let you switch between multiple ConstraintSet

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ConstraintSet mConstraintSet1 = new ConstraintSet(); ConstraintSet mConstraintSet2 = new ConstraintSet();

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ConstraintSet mConstraintSet1 = new ConstraintSet(); ConstraintSet mConstraintSet2 = new ConstraintSet(); // get constraints from layout mConstraintSet2.clone(context, R.layout.state2); setContentView(R.layout.state1); mConstraintLayout = (ConstraintLayout) findViewById(R.id.activity_main); // get constraints from ConstraintSet mConstraintSet1.clone(mConstraintLayout);

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Landscape

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Motion

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Motion • Flat Hierarchy == No clipping issues

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Motion • Flat Hierarchy == No clipping issues • Scene Graph

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Motion • Flat Hierarchy == No clipping issues • Scene Graph • ConstraintSet == Begin and End Keyframe

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TransitionManager.beginDelayedTransition(mConstraintLayout); ConstraintSet mConstraintSet1 = new ConstraintSet(); ConstraintSet mConstraintSet2 = new ConstraintSet(); // get constraints from layout mConstraintSet2.clone(context, R.layout.state2); setContentView(R.layout.state1); mConstraintLayout = (ConstraintLayout) findViewById(R.id.activity_main); // get constraints from ConstraintSet mConstraintSet1.clone(mConstraintLayout); mConstraintSet1.applyTo(mConstraintLayout);

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• |

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Custom Transitions • ConstraintSet • Custom TransitionSet • Support Library : physics animations TransitionManager.beginDelayedTransition(cl, new MyCustomAnimationSet())

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Custom Transitions • ConstraintSet • Custom TransitionSet • Support Library : physics animations TransitionManager.beginDelayedTransition(cl, new MyCustomAnimationSet())

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Visibility & Ripple

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Visibility & Ripple

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What’s next

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What’s next • More performance optimizations • experimental background resolution • segmentation of constraints • broadening the optimizer surface

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What’s next • ConstraintHelper • Chains • Layers • Custom • Motion • better motion control • gesture support

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Documentation • http://www.constraintlayout.com • https://developer.android.com/reference/android/support/ constraint/package-summary.html • https://developer.android.com/training/constraint-layout/ index.html • https://codelabs.developers.google.com/codelabs/constraint-layout • https://medium.com/google-developers/building-interfaces-with- constraintlayout-3958fa38a9f7 (take a picture!)