Development  of advanced information processing technologies and intelligent systems for supporting geosciences innovation Rosa Filgueira Vicente 12,06,2017 British Geological Survey 

2   Background: •  PhD Computer Science - HPC research – Madrid/Carlos III •  5 years as a Postdoc – University of Edinburgh Currently: •  Data sciences activities across Geoscience domains: -  Data gathering, cleaning, filtering, analysis -  Parallelization/optimization of applications -  Promoting scientific workflows, data-frameworks, containers and reproducibility tools, etc. -  Distributed systems and open source tools -  Research activities Senior Data Scientist British Geological Survey (BGS) 

World-leading geological survey. •  Public-good science for government, and research to understand earth and environmental processes •  Geo-scientific data providers Informatics - Science Directorate (3 sections) •  Data Science •  National Geological Repository •  Information Systems Huge breadth of data and information •  Digital: 200TB and growing by the month (SAN) •  Records: 17.5 linear km’s of paper records, maps, notebooks and site investigation reports Background of BGS 

Background of BGS 

Breadth of Data and Information 

Volcanology – Automatic information retrieval Sensor data – Real-time analysis/monitoring Hydrology models – Code parallelization BGS projects - Examples 

Informa(on  Sources:   Pilot  reports   Volcano  observatories   Satellite  imagery   Volcanic  Ash  Advisory  Centres:   Ini7ate  dispersal  simula7ons   Validate  simula7on  results   Provide  volcanic  ash  advisory   Avia(on  Sector:   Use  informa7on  to     inform  flight  paths   Volcanic Ash Advisories 

Volcanic Ash Advisories Forecast  ash  dispersion   text  providing  key  informa7on  on    the  volcano,  erup7on  and  source  of  inf.   

Forecasting  ash dispersal based on numerical models The accuracy of model outputs is dependent on the accuracy of the input parameters (e.g. eruption source parameter). Idea VAAs reports constitute one of the most frequent sources of information describing eruptive activity à Use it to test assumptions regarding eruptive activity, for example in the ESP database. Volcanic Ash Advisories – What we can do with them? Those reports have never been used for research before!! ESP  database   

•  Ge#ng  the  data  from  the  9  VAAC     •  Extract  the  desired  informa7on  (>  60000  records)   -­‐    Different  data  distribu5ons:  FTP  servers,  websites,  intranets  etc.     -­‐  Different  data  organiza5on:  Per  year,  Per  loca7on,  Per  volcano  …   -­‐  Different  presenta5on  of    datasets  :  Tables,  Text  files,  emails,  etc.   -­‐  Different  “naming”  and  ‘temporal’  IDs.     -­‐  (Varia7ons  between  each  VAAC  and  some7mes  within  the  same   ones)     Volcanic Ash Advisories – Problems 

Volcanology – Automatic information retrieval Source:  Ap://Tp.bom.gov.au/anon/gen/vaac/       

Volcanology – Automatic information retrieval 

Volcanology – Automatic information retrieval 

Data-pipeline information extraction workflow: –  Captures and filters the desired information and gathers them in a easy format (json and csv files) for analysis –  An “entry”/”row” per report, gathered by “Volcano ID”, with 22 “variables”/”columns” Volcanic Ash Advisories- Solution 

Since  2009…   

Sinabung   

Uncertain7es   

Sensor data – UK Geoenergy Observatories (UKGO) Objective: •  Establish new centres for world-leading research into the subsurface environment •  Initially 2 places will start streaming data in 2018 with many different type of sensors (seismic sensors, groundwater sensors, etc …) but more places during the future … •  The BGS is delivering the research infrastructure and will operate the facilities over their 15-year lifetime Initial idea: •  Data architecture from “BGS sensor data” •  http://www.bgs.ac.uk/Sensors/ 

Instrument data – BGS Sensor Data “Architecture  for  streaming  sensor  telemetry  data  into  a  central  data  store     where  it  can  be  standardised,    cleaned  up  and  generally  prepared  for  the  many  poten7al     users  that  want  to  access  that  data”.   

Sensor data – BGS Sensor Data 

Sensor data – BGS Sensor Data vs UKGO Challenges: •  Data is presented as it comes in from the sensors •  No quality control – cleaning, gap filling, etc. •  No routines to identify events (spikes on the data) and alarms ( e.g. sensor failure battery ) •  Data is “updated” twice per day – no real-time component •  No interactive queries •  Number of sensors (and frequency of data transfers) will be higher in UKGEOS 

Sensor data – Data architecture for UKGO Idea: New data-streaming hub to monitor real time geoenergy data using distributed resources for interpreting sensors at the field *  Note: Work performed during this visit at ISI 

Hydrology– Parallelization of codes VIC(*) is a macroscale hydrologic model that solves full water and energy balances - it has been applied to most of the major river basins around the world.   It has been developed over the last two decades at the University of Washington and Princeton University. *  hXps://vic.readthedocs.io/en/master/   

Hydrology– Parallelization of codes Hydrologists at BGS have have implemented a new 2D gridded groundwater self-contained model called it AMBHAS. VIC does not represent the flow of groundwater. Idea: Coupling VIC with AMBHAS 

Hydrology– Parallelization of codes Problem: VIC is implemented in MPI (parallel code) and AMBHAS in sequential. Role: Modify the parallel code of VIC to integrate AMBHAS. And run the new version of VIC-AMBHAS (parallel code) into the BGS cluster. * Modifications on data structures/routines/headers of both modules. Relevant  to  PANORAMA  and  MINT  projects   

Vic  Structure  modified  with  AMBHAS   •  Vic_image.c   –  MPI  ini7aliza7on   –  AMBHAS:  define  structures,  readGlobalData,  allocate  memory  for  structures,  GW_read_data,   link_AMBHAS_VIC_Domain,    GW_ini7alise   –  Time  loop   •  vic_force.c  (read  atmospheric  forcing  data)   •  vic_image_run.c  (Run  VIC  for  one  7mestep  and  store  output  data)   –  Loop  over  each  ac7ve  cell     »  Vic_run  (Subrou7ne  that  controls  the  model  core,  solves  energy  and  water  balance  models,  and  frozen   soil)   •  For  each  vegeta7on  type   •  For  each  eleva7on  band   •  Surface_fluxes.c  (computes  all  surface  fluxes)   •  Runoff.c  (calculates  infiltra7on  and  runoff  from  the  surface,  gravity   driven  drainage  between  all  soil  layers  and  baseflow  from  the  boXom   layer)    -­‐>  modified  to  calculate  recharge  instead  of  baseflow   »  Put_data  (converts  data  units  and  stores  results  in  an  array  for  later  output)   •  AMBHAS:  Get_VIC_Data_Into_AMBHAS   •  AMBHAS:  GW_read_Ts,  calculateGWFlow,  GW_write_output   •  AMBHAS:  Get_AMBHAS_Output_Into_VIC   •  Vic_write_output.c  (writes  output  data)   –  AMBHAS:  writeObsBH,  GW_write_output   –  Finalise  (stop  the  7mer,  start  final  7mer,  clean  up,  finalise  MPI,  stop  final  7mer,  stop  all  7mer,   write  7ming  info)       

AMBHAS  with  VIC   •  define  structures  to  contain  global  data   •  readGlobalData   •  Define  structures  for  2D  data   •  Allocate_structs:  allocate  memory  for  structures  containing  2D  gridded  data     •  GW_read_data:  reads  netcdf  data  for  model  parameters   •  link_AMBHAS_VIC_Domain:  find  AMBHAS  nrow  and  ncol  for  each  VIC  cell,  and  finds  VIC  ncell  for  each  AMBHAS  nrow/ncol   •  GW_ini7alise:   •  getObsDataCount   •  calculateGWInit:  calculates  the  area  of  the  cell,  updates  Transmissivity  and  stores  it  into  the  right  structure   •  Runs  VIC  for  the  first  7me  step:   –  Vic_force   –  Get_AMBHAS_Data_Into_VIC:  stores  K  and  water  table  depth  from  AMBHAS  into  VIC   –  Vic_image_run   –  Get_VIC_Data_Into_AMBHAS:  writes  recharge  calculated  in  VIC  into  AMBHAS   –  GW_read_TS:  reads  in  pumping  for  the  first  7me  step   –  CalculateGW_SS:  iterates  un7l  a  stability  criteria  is  reached.   »  Vic_image_run   »  Get_VIC_Data_Into_AMBHAS   »  calculateGWFlow   »  Get_AMBHAS_Data_Into_VIC   –  calculateDynamicGwSS:   »  For  the  first  n  7me  steps   •  Vic_force   •  Vic_image_run   •  Get_VIC_Data_Into_AMBHAS   •  GW_read_TS:  read  in  pumping   •  calculateGWFlow   •  Get_AMBHAS_Data_Into_VIC   –  GW_write_output:  writes  h  to  netcdf  output   •  Loop  over  7me:   •  Get_AMBHAS_Data_Into_VIC   •  Run  VIC   •  GW_read_TS:  read  pumping   •  calculateGWFlow  :  do  the  main  AMBHAS  simula7on   •  GW_write_output:  write  h  to  netcdf   •  Get_AMBHAS_Output_Into_VIC   •  GW_write_output:  Write  7me  series  data       

Panorma 360- Collaborations with ISI “Provide  a  resource  for  the  collec7on,  analysis,  and  sharing  of     performance  data  about  end-­‐to-­‐end  scien7fic  workflows  execu7ng  on  DOE  facili7es”   Objec7ve:  Capture  and  Analysis  for  End-­‐to-­‐end  Scien7fic  Workflows     Data-streaming hub   VIC – MPI application   

New data-streaming hub Kafka: 0.10.2.0 ; Spark: 2.2.0 ; elasticsearch: 5 ; cassandra: 3 ; Scala: 2.11 ; Hadoop: 2.8 ; Python 3 ; kibana 5.4.1 

New data-streaming hub Apache Kafka: distributed streaming platform that allows for publishing and subscribing to streams of records (topics) in a fault-tolerant way and process streams of records as they occur. Apache Spark Streaming: Spark Streaming allows you write streaming jobs the same way you write batch jobs. It supports Java, Scala and Python(*). 

New data-streaming hub Apache Cassandra: NoSql database, when you need scalability and high availability without compromising performance. Fault tolerant and decentralized. Elasticsearch:distributed, RESTful search and analytics engine, which lets you perform and combine many types of searches — structured, unstructured, geo, metric     Designed to be a search engine, and not a persistent data store. Sometimes it loses writes. Works great as a scalable, high-performance datastore 

New data-streaming hub Docker-compose:Tool for defining and running multi-container Docker applications.   hXps://github.com/rosafilgueira/datastreaminghub   Evaluation: NSF-Chamelon cloud – 1 CentOS7 image with 42 CPUS   

New data-streaming hub Docker-compose:Tool for defining and running multi-container Docker applications.   zookeper   broker   Spark  master   Spark  worker   Jupyter   elas7csearch   cassandra   Kaha  Cluster   Spark  Cluster   Kibana   Falcon   hXps://github.com/rosafilgueira/datastreaminghub   Evaluation: NSF-Chamelon cloud – 1 CentOS7 image with 42 CPUS   docker-­‐compose  up  –d   docker-­‐compose  scale  spark-­‐worker=3   

New data-streaming hub Application (python) for making product recommendations for an imaginary e-commerce store   zookeper   broker   Spark  master   Spark  worker   Jupyter   elas7csearch   Kaha  Cluster   Spark  Cluster   Kibana   cassandra   Falcon   hXps://github.com/rosafilgueira/datastreaminghub   ß-­‐Simula7on  of  user  clicks/ac7ons     

New data-streaming hub Application (python) for giving current time and a text file is sent every 10 seconds to a topic. The spark-streaming application consumes this topic (every 10 seconds) and counts the number of words per topic and time, storing the results in elastic search.   zookeper   broker   cassandra   Kaha  Cluster   Spark  Cluster   Kibana   hXps://github.com/rosafilgueira/datastreaminghub   Falcon   Jupyter   Spark  master   Spark  worker   elas7csearch   

New data-streaming hub hXps://github.com/rosafilgueira/datastreaminghub   Next steps: Create (draft) applications for panorama and UKGEOS projects. Future changes in the current architecture: •  Develop applications in Scala instead of Python •  Integrate a resource manager in the Spark Cluster (Apache Mesos or Hadoop Yarn) •  Swarm mode (or Kubernetes): Group of machines that are running Docker and joined into a cluster – instead of having a single VM with many CPU cores. 

Model INTegration
 (USC, U Minn, U Colorado, PSU, V Tech) Economic Models Natural Models Social Models Infrastructure Models hXps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekong#/media/File:Mekongbasin.jpg   Agriculture Models Model selection Variable mapping Data ingestion Runtime coordination Scope definition Media7on  at  many  levels   WINGS   GSN   OntoSoT   MI   CSDMS   Pegasus   Karma   Hydroterre   GOPHER   Model  Integra7on  through  Knowledge-­‐Rich  Data  and  Process  Composi7on   

MINT- Collaborations with ISI Role: Focus in the design and development of a new catalog of hydrology data resources which will act as a semantic data hub for choosing which countries to work in this project. •  Gather datasets/projects/initiative from different sources and contacts from BGS •  Select two of them (keep the rest in a sharable document ): •  http://earthwise.bgs.ac.uk/index.php/ Hydrogeology_by_country •  http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/main/index.stm •  Catalog – schema.org or DCAT •  Conversion  of  data  to  RDF   •  Linked  (SILK)   •  Mount  it  in  a    Repo   •  Long-­‐Plan:  How  to  put  in  a  wiki   •  Demo  -­‐  Python  Notebook! 

  Development  of advanced information processing technologies and intelligent systems for supporting geosciences innovation THANKS!