RESPONSIVE WEB TYPOGRAPHY Marko Dugonjić @markodugonjic Krakow, 2013

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media queries flexible layouts flexible images Responsive Experience

VARIABLES of RESPONSIVE READING EXPERIENCE — reading distance viewport width (and height) content hierarchy information density pixel density device orientation viewport aspect ratio

VARIABLES of RESPONSIVE READING EXPERIENCE — reading distance viewport width (and height) content hierarchy information density pixel density device orientation viewport aspect ratio

— PARAGRAPHS —

letter space, word spac, line space LETTER SPACE WORD SPACE LINE SPACE

letter space, word spac, line space LETTER SPACE WORD SPACE LINE SPACE

B y p r e s e r v i n g t h e w h i t e s p a c e h i e r a r c h y , w e c a n a c h i e v e t h e b e s t r e a d i n g e x p e r i e n c e f o r v a r i o u s s c e n a r i o s . H o w e v e r , t h e s a t i s f a c t o r y l i n e l e n g t h o f 4 5 t o 7 5 c h a r a c t e r s p e r l i n e l i m i t s a n u m b e r o f a c c e p t a b l e c o m b i n a t i o n s , n o t t o c h a r a c t e r s … B y p r e s e r v i n g t h e w h i t e s p a c e h i e r a r c h y , w e c a n a c h i e v e t h e b e s t r e a d i n g e x p e r i e n c e f o r v a r i o u s s c e n a r i o s . H o w e v e r , t h e s a t i s f a c t o r y l i n e l e n g t h o f 4 5 t o 7 5 c h a r a c t e r s p e r l i n e l i m i t s a n u m b e r o f a c c e p t a b l e c o m b i n a t i o n s , n o t t o m e n t i o n 75 45

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— READING DISTANCE —

0,26mm 1,3mm 71cm 350cm

B y p r e s e r v i n g t h e w h i t e s p a c e h i e r a r c h y , w e c a n a c h i e v e t h e b e s t r e a d i n g e x p e r i e n c e f o r v a r i o u s s c e n a r i o s . H o w e v e r , t h e s a t i s f a c t o r y l i n e l e n g t h o f 4 5 t o 7 5 c h a r a c t e r s p e r l i n e l i m i t s a n u m b e r o f a c c e p t a b l e c o m b i n a t i o n s , n o t t o m e n t i o n a s d B y p r e s e r v i n g t h e w h i t e s p a c e h i e r a r c h y , w e c a n a c h i e v e t h e b e s t r e a d i n g e x p e r i e n c e f o r v a r i o u s s c e n a r i o s . H o w e v e r , t h e s a t i s f a c t o r y l i n e l e n g t h o f 4 5 t o 7 5 c h a r a c t e r s p e r l i n e l i m i t s a n u m b e r o f a c c e p t a b l e c o m b i n a t i o n s , n o t t o m e n t i o n a s d B y p r e s e r v i n g t h e w h i t e s p a c e h i e r a r c h y , w e c a n a c h i e v e t h e b e s t r e a d i n g e x p e r i e n c e f o r v a r i o u s s c e n a r i o s . H o w e v e r , t h e s a t i s f a c t o r y l i n e l e n g t h o f 4 5 t o 7 5 c h a r a c t e r s p e r l i n e l i m i t s a n u m b e r o f a c c e p t a b l e c o m b i n a t i o n s , n o t t o m e n t i o n a s d 18 24 36

ideal 66 max 75 min 45 < 40 chars screen width: 320px

CONTENT HIERARCHY + INFORMATION DENSITY

w e b t y p o g r p h y T h a n k y o u f o r t h e l o v e l y i n t r o d u c t i o n , R a f a l ! P l e a s e g i v e a w a r m r o u n d o f a p p l a u s e t o t h e o r g a n i z e r s . L e t m e a s k y o u s o m e t h i n g … H a v e y o u e v e r s a v e d a n a r t i c l e w i t h t h e i n t e n t i o n t o r e a d i t l a t e r o n a m o b i l e d e v i c e i n t h e p a r k a s s u m i n g t h a t i t s r e s p o n s i v e w e b d e s i g n i s a l l i t t a k e s f o r t h e b e s t p o s s i b l e r e a d i n g e x p e r i e n c e ? H a v e y o u e v e r b e e n d i s a p p o i n t e d w h e n y o u r e a l i z e d t h a t a r t i c l e s o n m o b i l e a r e h a r d t o r e a d b e c a u s e o f t h e p o o r l y c h o s e n l e t t e r s i z e a n d l a y o u t t h a t a p p e a r t o b e d i s p r o p o r t i o n a l t o t h e s c r e e n ? S o , w h y i s t h i s h a p p e n i n g ? H o w d o s u c h , o t h e r w i s e b e a u t i f u l r e s p o n s i v e d e s i g n s , e n d u p b e i n g s o p o o r l y e x e c u t e d o n m o b i l e ? T h e a n s w e r i s i n f a c t q u i t e c l e a r — s u c h w e b s i t e s w e r e d e v e l o p e d o n t h e d e s k t o p c o m p u t e r , w i t h d e s k t o p r e a d i n g d i s t a n c e , w i t h a _ d e s k t o p d o w n _ , r a t h e r t h a n a _ m o b i l e u p _ a p p r o a c h . I t ’ s o b v i o u s t h a t t h e c o r e r e s p o n s i v e w e b d e s i g n a r s e n a l o f m e d i a q u e r i e s , f l e x i b l e l a y o u t s a n d f l e x i b l e i m a g e s i s n o t s u f f i c i e n t . w e b t y p o g r p h y a j s d h j a h s g d T h a n k y o u f o r t h e l o v e l y i n t r o d u c t i o n , R a f a l ! P l e a s e g i v e a w a r m r o u n d o f a p p l a u s e t o t h e o r g a n i z e r s . L e t m e a s k y o u s o m e t h i n g … H a v e y o u e v e r s a v e d a n a r t i c l e w i t h t h e i n t e n t i o n t o r e a d i t l a t e r o n a m o b i l e d e v i c e i n t h e p a r k a s s u m i n g t h a t i t s r e s p o n s i v e w e b d e s i g n i s a l l i t t a k e s f o r t h e b e s t p o s s i b l e r e a d i n g e x p e r i e n c e ? H a v e y o u e v e r b e e n d i s a p p o i n t e d w h e n y o u r e a l i z e d t h a t a r t i c l e s o n m o b i l e a r e h a r d t o r e a d b e c a u s e o f t h e p o o r l y c h o s e n l e t t e r s i z e a n d l a y o u t t h a t a p p e a r t o b e d i s p r o p o r t i o n a l t o t h e s c r e e n ? S o , w h y i s t h i s h a p p e n i n g ? H o w d o s u c h , o t h e r w i s e b e a u t i f u l r e s p o n s i v e d e s i g n s , e n d u p b e i n g s o p o o r l y e x e c u t e d o n m o b i l e ? T h e a n s w e r i s i n f a c t q u i t e c l e a r — s u c h w e b s i t e s w e r e d e v e l o p e d o n t h e d e s k t o p c o m p u t e r , w i t h d e s k t o p r e a d i n g d i s t a n c e , w i t h a _ d e s k t o p d o w n _ , r a t h e r t h a n a _ m o b i l e u p _ a p p r o a c h . I t ’ s o b v i o u s t h a t t h e c o r e r e s p o n s i v e w e b d e s i g n a r s e n a l o f m e d i a q u e r i e s , f l e x i b l e l a y o u t s a n d f l e x i b l e i m a g e s i s n o t s u f f i c i e n t . # # M A N Y M O R E V A R I A B L E S A p a r t f r o m t h e o b v i o u s v a r i a b l e s — v i e w p o r t w i d t h a n d v i e w p o r t h e i g h t — t h e r e a r e o t h e r s , s u c h a s r e a d i n g d i s t a n c e , p i x e l d e n s i t y ( o r s c r e e n c r u d e n e s s ) , d e v i c e o r i e n t a t i o n a n d v i e w p o r t a s p e c t r a t i o , b u t a l s o t h e c o n t e n t h i e r a r c h y a n d i n f o r m a t i o n d e n s i t y . B e f o r e I e l a b o r a t e e a c h , l e t m e b r i e f l y e x p l a i n t h e r u l e s o f t h e p a r a g r a p h . # # # R e a d i n g d i s t a n c e T h e r e a r e t h r e e w h i t e s p a c e s i n s i d e t h e p a r a g r a p h t h a t a r e i n t e r d e p e n d e n t — t h e l e t t e r s p a c e , t h e w o r d s p a c e a n d t h e l i n e s p a c e . I f a n y o f t h e t h r e e i s c h a n g e d , a l l t h e o t h e r s s h o u l d b e r e a s s e s s e d , t o o . B y p r e s e r v i n g t h e w h i t e s p a c e h i e r a r c h y , w e c a n

R e s p o n s i v e W e b T y p o g r a p h y T h a n k y o u f o r t h e l o v e l y i n t r o d u c t i o n , R a f a l ! P l e a s e g i v e a w a r m r o u n d o f a p p l a u s e t o t h e o r g a n i z e r s . R e s p o n s i v e W e b T y p o g r a p h y T h a n k y o u f o r t h e l o v e l y i n t r o d u c t i o n , R a f a l ! P l e a s e g i v e a w a r m r o u n d o f a p p l a u s e t o t h e o r g a n i z e r s . L e t m e a s k y o u s o m e t h i n g … H a v e y o u e v e r s a v e d a n a r t i c l e w i t h t h e i n t e n t i o n t o r e a d i t l a t e r o n a m o b i l e d e v i c e i n t h e p a r k a s s u m i n g t h a t i t s r e s p o n s i v e w e b d e s i g n i s a l l i t t a k e s f o r t h e b e s t p o s s i b l e r e a d i n g e x p e r i e n c e ? H a v e y o u e v e r b e e n d i s a p p o i n t e d w h e n y o u r e a l i z e d t h a t a r t i c l e s o n m o b i l e org izers izer izmn kjla9 jsf lkfo jfa R e s p o n s i v e W e b T y p o g r a p h y T h a n k y o u f o r t h e l o v e l y i n t r o d u c t i o n , R a f a l ! P l e a s e g i v e a w a r m r o u n d o f a p p l a u s e t o t h e o r g a n i z e r s . L e t m e a s k y o u s o m e t h i n g … H a v e y o u e v e r s a v e d a n a r t i c l e w i t h t h e i n t e n t i o n t o r e a d i t l a t e r o n a m o b i l e d e v i c e i n t h e p a r k a s s u m i n g t h a t i t s r e s p o n s i v e w e b d e s i g n i s a l l i t t a k e s f o r t h e b e s t p o s s i b l e r e a d i n g e x p e r i e n c e ? H a v e y o u e v e r b e e n d i s a p p o i n t e d w h e n y o u r e a l i z e d t h a t a r t i c l e s o n m o b i l e a r e h a r d t o r e a d b e c a u s e o f t h e p o o r l y c h o s e n l e t t e r s i z e a n d l a y o u t t h a t a p p e a r t o b e d i s p r o p o r t i o n a l t o t h e s c r e e n ? S o , w h y i s t h i s h a p p e n i n g ? H o w d o s u c h , o t h e r w i s e b e a u t i f u l r e s p o n s i v e d e s i g n s , e n d u p b e i n g s o p o o r l y e x e c u t e d o n m o b i l e ? T h e a n s w e r i s i n f a c t q u i t e c l e a r — s u c h w e b s i t e s w e r e d e v e l o p e d o n 1 1 2 1 2 organizersj hjhgorganiz ersorga organizersj hjhgorganiz ersorga organizersj hjhgorganiz ersorga organizersj hjhgorganiz ersorga organizersj hjhgorganiz ersorga organizersj hjhgorganiz ersorga organizersj hjhgorganiz ersorga

HEADLINE ONE Headline Two HEADLINE THREE On the opposite side, instead of progressively increasing font size for each heading level, especially as we now have such a vast selection of web fonts available and fonts are rendered with much more detail than before, we can use italics, small caps and all caps at the same le er size to establish text hierarchy. Add bolds into the mix, and you have a pale e of at least 6 styles.

— CSS —

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— DEFAULTS —

* { margin: 0; padding: 0; } html { font: 100%/1.5 Georgia, serif; } p { margin-bottom: 1.5em; /* = line-height */ max-width: 38em; }

— BREAKPOINTS —

Breakpoints should not be dictated by devices, but by content. Let the content decide when to expand and then adjust your designs. JEREMY KEITH http://www.lukew.com/ff/entry.asp?1393 “

Breakpoints should not be dictated by devices*, but by content. Let the cont*ent decide when to expand and then adjust your designs. HAT TIP TRENT WALTON http://trentwalton.com/2012/06/19/fluid-type/

@media only screen and (min-width: 37.5em) { } /* 600px */ @media only screen and (min-width: 50em) { } /* 800px */ @media only screen and (min-width: 62.5em) { } /* 1000px */

— TYPOGRAPHIC SCALE — 16 18 21 24 36 48

16 18 21 24 36 48

16 18 21 24 36 48

16 18 21 24 36 48

/* short reading distance */ p { font-size: 1rem; /* 16px */ } h3 { font-size: 1.125rem; /* 18px */ } h2 { font-size: 1.312rem; /* 21px */ } h1 { font-size: 1.5rem; /* 24px */ }

/* medium reading distance */ p { font-size: 1.125rem; /* 18px */ } h3 { font-size: 1.312rem; /* 21px */ } h2 { font-size: 1.5rem; /* 24px */ } h1 { font-size: 2.25rem; /* 36px */ }

/* long reading distance */ p { font-size: 1.312rem; /* 21px */ } h3 { font-size: 1.5rem; /* 24px */ } h2 { font-size: 2.25rem; /* 36px */ } h1 { font-size: 3rem; /* 48px */ }

— PARAGRAPH SPACING —

Line height for each breakpoint is adjusted according to the line length rendered at that breakpoint. Short line lengths require tighter line spacing, because the reader’s eye doesn’t have to travel much to reach the next line of text. As line length gets longer, more line spacing is required. Line height for each breakpoint is adjusted according to the line length rendered at that breakpoint. Short line lengths require tighter line spacing, because the reader’s eye doesn’t have to travel much to reach the next line of text. As line length gets longer, more line spacing is required. Line height for each breakpoint is adjusted according to the line length rendered at that breakpoint. Short line lengths require tighter line spacing, because the reader’s eye doesn’t have to travel much to reach the next line of text. As line length gets longer, more line spacing is required.

Line height for each breakpoint is adjusted according to the line length rendered at that breakpoint. Short line lengths require tighter line spacing, because the reader’s eye doesn’t have to travel much to reach the next line of text. As line length gets longer, more line spacing is required. Line height for each breakpoint is adjusted according to the line length rendered at that breakpoint. Short line lengths require tighter line spacing, because the reader’s eye doesn’t have to travel much to reach the next line of text. As line length gets longer, more line spacing is required.

Line height for each breakpoint is adjusted according to the line length rendered at that breakpoint. Short line lengths require tighter line spacing, because the reader’s eye doesn’t have to travel much to reach the next line of text. As line length gets longer, more line spacing is required. qqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq dddddddddddddddddddddddddd Line height for each breakpoint is adjusted according to the line length rendered at that breakpoint. Short line lengths require tighter line spacing, because the reader’s eye doesn’t have to travel much to reach the next line of text. As line length gets longer, more line spacing is required. jjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj ŠŠŠŠŠŠŠŠŠŠŠŠŠŠŠŠŠŠŠŠŠŠŠŠŠ q d j Š

/* short line lenghts (under 45 chars) */ p { font-size: 1rem; /* 16px */ line-height: 1.4; margin-bottom: 1.4em; /* = line-height */ }

/* medium line lenghts (45–60 chars) */ p { font-size: 1.125rem; /* 18px */ line-height: 1.45; margin-bottom: 1.45em; /* = line-height */ }

/* long line lenghts (60–75 chars) */ p { font-size: 1.312rem; /* 21px */ line-height: 1.5; margin-bottom: 1.5em; /* = line-height */ }

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@media only screen and (min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.5) { p { font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.5; letter-spacing: .01em; word-spacing: .01em; } } /* vendor prefix omitted code */

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— FUTURE? —

RESPONSIVE TYPOGRAPHY WITH WEBRTC http://webdesign.maratz.com/lab/responsivetypography/

var d = document, b = d.getElementByTagName('body')[0], distance = getReadingDistance(); function setDistanceClass(distance) { if (distance < 30) { b.className = 'short'; } if (distance > 30 && distance < 50) { b.className = 'medium'; } if (distance > 50) { b.className = 'long'; } // ... }

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FM

DZIĘKUJĘ! Marko Dugonjić @markodugonjic

Credits Rhythm and Proportion, Robert Bringhurst, http://webtypography.net/Rhythm_and_Proportion/Horizontal_Motion/2.1.2/ Inside Paragraphs, Cyrus Highsmith, http://insideparagraphs.com Graded fonts, Typophile, http://typophile.com/node/81483 Responsive Typography, The Basics, Information Architects, http://informationarchitects.net/blog/responsive-typography-the-basics/ Wrist, Palm, Lap, Desk, Wall, Luke Wroblewski, https://twitter.com/lukew/status/273453112902172672 The EMs have it: Proportional Media Queries FTW!, Lyza Gardner, http://blog.cloudfour.com/the-ems-have-it-proportional-media-queries-ftw/http://blog.cloudfour.com/the-ems-have-it-proportional- media-queries-ftw/