Defenders Guide to Cloud Native Infrastructure Security Madhu Akula @ Xebia @madhuakula #GitHubSatellite

@madhuakula About Me ● Cloud Native Security Specialist @ Xebia ● Security (Cloud, Containers, Kubernetes & Automation) ● Speaker & Trainer @ BlackHat, DEF CON, USENIX LISA, OWASP, All Day DevOps, null, etc. ● Co-Author of Security Automation with Ansible 2 ● Never Ending Learner! ● https://madhuakula.com #GitHubSatellite

● What & Why Cloud Native Infrastructure? ● Code to Production workflow ● Why security defence? ● Architecture & Attack surface ● Layers of security defence (defence in depth) ● Key takeaways ● References & Resources ● Next steps to learn more and more… What You Will Learn? @madhuakula #GitHubSatellite

Cloud Native is used to describe containerised application to dynamically schedule, orchestrate and manage through continuous delivery workflows. Which allows to optimize resource utilization, and microservices-oriented to increase the overall agility and maintainability and support the life cycle of applications. - Cloud Native Computing Foundation What is Cloud Native? @madhuakula #GitHubSatellite

What is Cloud Native? @madhuakula https://landscape.cncf.io #GitHubSatellite

https://github.com/cncf/toc/blob/master/DEFINITION.md Cloud native technologies empower organizations to build and run scalable applications in modern, dynamic environments such as public, private, and hybrid clouds. Containers, service meshes, microservices, immutable infrastructure, and declarative APIs exemplify this approach. These techniques enable loosely coupled systems that are resilient, manageable, and observable. Combined with robust automation, they allow engineers to make high-impact changes frequently and predictably with minimal toil. Why Cloud Native? @madhuakula #GitHubSatellite

https://medium.com/@pkerrison/pizza-as-a-service-2-0-5085cd4c365e @madhuakula #GitHubSatellite

Operat e Develop Design Deploy Test Code to Production Workflow @madhuakula #GitHubSatellite

Cloud Native Microservices Demo Application Online Boutique is a cloud-native demo application with 10 microservices showcasing Kubernetes, Istio, gRPC and OpenCensus. https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/microservices-demo/ @madhuakula #GitHubSatellite

Why Security Defence? @madhuakula #GitHubSatellite

https://blog.madhuakula.com/some-tips-to-review-docker-hub-hack-of-190k-accounts-addcd602aade Why Security Defence? @madhuakula https://kromtech.com/blog/security-center/cryptojacking-invades-cloud-how-modern- containerization-trend-is-exploited-by-attackers https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4CTK2aUXTH o https://github.com/Frichetten/CVE-2019-5736-PoC https://github.com/eoftedal/writings/blob/master/published/CVE-2019-9901- path-traversal.md https://engineering.bitnami.com/articles/helm-security.html #GitHubSatellite

Many other vulnerabilities and real- world impacts... @madhuakula #GitHubSatellite

Architecture & Attack Surface @madhuakula #GitHubSatellite

Cloud Native Attack Surface ● Application Code ● Container Image ● Orchestration Platform ● Runtime ● Microservices & Communication ● API Gateway & Proxies ● Network & Load Balancers ● AuthN & AuthZ ● Storage ● Management ● Many other... @madhuakula #GitHubSatellite

Container Attack Surface ● Namespaces ● Control Groups ● Daemon ● Configuration ● Capabilities ● Content Trust ● Container Registry ● Volumes ● Networks ● Many other... @madhuakula #GitHubSatellite

https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2020/04/02/attack-matrix-kubernetes/ Kubernetes Attack Surface @madhuakula #GitHubSatellite

Layers of Security Defense (defense in depth) @madhuakula #GitHubSatellite

Code Quality Analysis https://www.sonarqube.org/ @madhuakula #GitHubSatellite

Security Linters https://find-sec-bugs.github.io/ @madhuakula #GitHubSatellite

Dependency Security Analysis https://help.github.com/en/github/managing-security-vulnerabilities/viewing-and-updating-vulnerable- dependencies-in-your-repository @madhuakula #GitHubSatellite

Static Code Security Analysis https://brakemanscanner.org/ @madhuakula #GitHubSatellite

Dynamic Security Analysis https://help.github.com/en/github/managing-security-vulnerabilities/viewing-and-updating-vulnerable- dependencies-in-your-repository @madhuakula #GitHubSatellite

Semantic Code Analysis https://github.com/features/security @madhuakula #GitHubSatellite

Container Image Linter https://github.com/goodwithtech/dockle @madhuakula #GitHubSatellite

Sensitive Information Analysis https://github.com/dxa4481/truffleHog @madhuakula #GitHubSatellite

Vulnerability Analysis for Containers https://github.com/aquasecurity/trivy @madhuakula #GitHubSatellite

Risk Analysis for K8S Manifests https://kubesec.io @madhuakula #GitHubSatellite

Exploring Docker Image Layers https://github.com/wagoodman/dive @madhuakula #GitHubSatellite

Container Image Integrity Analysis @madhuakula #GitHubSatellite

Centralised Logging & Monitoring @madhuakula #GitHubSatellite

Network Security Policies https://github.com/ahmetb/kubernetes-network-policy-recipes Provides isolation between Kubernetes resources (pods, namespaces, svc, etc.) using labels and selectors across the cluster. @madhuakula #GitHubSatellite

Security Profiles https://github.com/genuinetools/bane @madhuakula #GitHubSatellite

Metadata Concealment https://github.com/features/security ● Most of the cloud providers has fix for this in some way ● GKE: Workload Identity, Metadata Concealment for Nodes https://cloud.google.com/kubernetes-engine/docs/how-to/workload-identity ● AWS: IMDSv2 for SSRF https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/security/defense-in-depth-open-firewalls- reverse-proxies-ssrf-vulnerabilities-ec2-instance-metadata-service/ @madhuakula

RBAC with least privilege access possible https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/rbac/ Role-based access control (RBAC) is a method of regulating access to computer or network resources based on the roles of individual users within your organization. Useful utilities to check out is ● https://github.com/liggitt/audit2rbac ● https://github.com/FairwindsOps/rbac-manager ● https://github.com/jtblin/kube2iam @madhuakula #GitHubSatellite

Secrets Injection into K8S Pod https://www.hashicorp.com/blog/injecting-vault-secrets-into-kubernetes-pods-via-a-sidecar/ @madhuakula #GitHubSatellite

TLS with Cert-Manager Automate certificate management in cloud native environments. cert- manager builds on top of Kubernetes, introducing certificate authorities and certificates as first- class resource types in the Kubernetes API. This makes it possible to provide 'certificates as a service' to developers working within your Kubernetes cluster. @madhuakula #GitHubSatellite

Pod Security Policies A Pod Security Policy is a cluster- level resource that controls security sensitive aspects of the pod specification. The PodSecurityPolicy objects define a set of conditions that a pod must run with in order to be accepted into the system, as well as defaults for the related fields. Good utility to check out is https://github.com/sysdiglabs/ku be-psp-advisor https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/policy/pod-security-policy @madhuakula #GitHubSatellite

Open Policy Agent - Policy Engine Policy-based control for cloud native environments Flexible, fine- grained control for administrators across the stack https://www.openpolicyagent.org @madhuakula #GitHubSatellite

Container Runtime Sandbox ● gVisor is a user-space kernel, written in Go, that implements a substantial portion of the Linux system call interface. It provides an additional layer of isolation between running applications and the host operating system. ● Firecracker is an open source virtualization technology that is purpose-built for creating and managing secure, multi-tenant container and function-based services. ● Many other... @madhuakula #GitHubSatellite

Sysdig Falco - Runtime Security Detection https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zd0ksjZI5Vk https://falco.org @madhuakula #GitHubSatellite

Audit Your Kubernetes Clusters https://github.com/Shopify/kubeaudit @madhuakula #GitHubSatellite

Docker CIS Benchmarks https://github.com/docker/docker-bench-security A script that checks for dozens of common best-practices around deploying Docker containers in production ● Host configuration ● Docker daemon configuration and files ● Docker container images ● Docker runtime ● Docker security operations ● Docker swarm configuration @madhuakula #GitHubSatellite

Kubernetes CIS Benchmarks https://github.com/aquasecurity/kube-bench ● Master Node Security Configuration ○ API Server ○ Scheduler ○ Controller Manager ○ Configuration Files ○ Etcd ○ General Security Primitives ○ PodSecurityPolicices ● Worker Node Security Configuration ○ Kubelet ○ Configuration Files @madhuakula #GitHubSatellite

Security Best Practices ● Application Code ○ Code Linters ○ Dependency Scanning ○ Code Analysis (static, dynamic, variant and manual analysis) ● Infrastructure Code ○ Dockerfile (cis benchmarks, security best practices) ○ Kubernetes manifests/Helm charts (cis benchmarks, least privilege) ○ Host images, Host infrastructure (terraform, cloud infra security configs) ○ Container Registry, Config Management ● Sensitive information checks (secrets, api keys, etc.) ● Version Control System (Config, PRs, MRs, etc.) ● Manual Review/Approval/Verification @madhuakula #GitHubSatellite

Security Best Practices ● Secure Defaults ● Least privilege principle ● Network Security Policies ● RBAC reviews ● Service Mesh ● Open Security Policy Agent (Multiple levels applying policy engine checks) ● Proactive Logging & Monitoring for detection ● Falco - Syscall monitoring & Threat detection engine ● RASP - Runtime application security protection ● Logging & Monitoring with Centralized Monitoring ● Proactive Security Monitoring & Detection ● Many other... @madhuakula #GitHubSatellite

The (12) Twelve Factor App In the modern era, the twelve-factor app is a methodology for building modern, scalable, maintainable software-as-a-service apps. @madhuakula https://12factor.net #GitHubSatellite

Key Takeaways @madhuakula #GitHubSatellite

● Security is everyone’s responsibility (Dev, Ops and Security, etc.) ● Threat model your architecture and identify risks/threats ● Follow and apply secure defaults ● Know what you have (Inventory of assets) ● Adopt zero trust model and trust nothing (Zoning, Containment & Segmentation) ● Apply security at each layer (Defense in depth strategy) ● Follow least privilege principle ● AuthN & AuthZ ● Encryption at REST & TRANSIT ● Proactive monitoring & Active defense ● Continuously analyse and apply feedback loops ● Crawl, Walk, Run What are Your Key Takeaways? @madhuakula #GitHubSatellite

References & Resources @madhuakula #GitHubSatellite

● Docker Security Docs ● Kubernetes Security Docs ● Attack matrix for Kubernetes ● Breaking & Pwning Docker Containers & Kubernetes Clusters ● Advanced Persistence Threats: The Future of Kubernetes Attacks ● 11 Ways (Not) to Get Hacked ● Attacking & Auditing Docker Containers using Open Source @ DEFCON 26 ● Attacking and Auditing Docker Containers and Kubernetes Clusters @ DEFCON 27 ● contained.af ● CIS Benchmarks Docker ● Understanding and Hardening Linux Containers ● Abusing Privileged and Unprivileged Linux Containers ● Container Security Notes ● Linux Container Security ● Docker Runtime Privileges and Capabilities ● Apparmor Security Profiles on Docker ● Seccomp Security Profiles on Docker ● Docker Labs Capabilities ● Practical SELinux and Containers ● Containers and Operating systems morning paper gist ● Kubernetes Webinar series References & Resources @madhuakula #GitHubSatellite

Next steps to learn more and more... @madhuakula #GitHubSatellite

Recommended Reads & More Learning ● Google SRE - 3 books ● Cloud Native Infrastructure Book ● Cloud Native Transformation Book ● Kubernetes-Security.info ● DevOps Security Checklist ● Kubernetes Attack Audit Reports ● CNCF Landscape ● Known CVE’s and Vulnerability Research ● K8S Slack Channels/Working Groups ● Katacoda Playgrounds & Play with Docker & Play with Kubernetes ● Many other... @madhuakula #GitHubSatellite

Madhu Akula https://madhuakula.com @madhuakula Thank You!