The Droid* Will See You Now. Intelligent Systems and the Future of Healthcare * A talk which has nothing to do with robots, droids or robotics… Nader Al-Shamma @nadershamma 

What to expect • About Me • Chronic Disease: Why We Should Care. • Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) in Medicine and Healthcare. • The potential for AI to help us deal with Chronic Disease. • What the future holds. 

About me 

My questionable creation 

My Research 

Why care about chronic disease? Long term chronic disease is one of the biggest challenges health systems, globally, will face during the twenty-first century. 

Why care about chronic disease? • What is a Chronic Disease? • 15 Million people in England have a long term incurable chronic disease. • UK has recognised threat of chronic Illness 

The many faces of chronic disease Most Common Illnesses: • cardiovascular diseases, mainly heart disease and stroke; • cancer; • chronic respiratory diseases; • diabetes; • others, such as mental disorders, vision and hearing • impairment, oral diseases, bone and joint disorders, and genetic disorders. 

The many faces of chronic disease Less Common but equally problematic diseases • Multiple sclerosis (MS) • Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) AKA Myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME) • Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease • The list goes on… 

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What is Artificial Intelligence 

What is Artificial Intelligence 

Artificial Intelligence and Medicine • Medicine application postulated since the 1950s. • First used an assistive tool in 1976. • Tested for general clinical care and for specific ailments. • Can aid in diagnostics, prognostics and clinical decision making and management. 

What is Artificial Intelligence Artificial Neural Networks* *(ANN) 

What is Artificial Intelligence Model of an ANN 

AI in Clinical Care 

AI in Clinical Care Johnson et al. (2016) conducted a thorough review of Machine Learning in critical care (ICU). The challenge: • Data comes from a variety of different departments • Data is often missing or corrupted • It’s an environment that lends itself to human error The Benefit • Machine Learning is effective in gathering, analysing, interpreting and presenting a wide range of clinical data in a relevant and useable format. 

AI in Clinical Care Bennet and Hauser (2013) AI in action: • AI framework built to determine the outcome of various treatments and policy decisions. • Laid the grounds for a clinical AI that could provide real time analysis and assistance with clinical decisions. 

AI in Diagnostics 

AI in Diagnostics AI and ML is an effective diagnostic tool • Used to diagnose a wide variety of illnesses • Widely used in the diagnosis of cancer Machine Vision is used to asses biopsies 

AI in Diagnostics AI in action: • Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and a Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN) used to diagnose IBD. • The system had a 98.31% rate of accuracy. 

AI in Prognostics 

AI in Prognostics ANN in action • Used to determine the prognosis of patients prostate cancer. • Used to determine the outcome of treating Ulcerative Colitis with Cytoapheresis therapy. 

AI in Prognostics 

AI in Prognostics Machine Learning in action Machine Learning and medication • Random Forest used to determine success of thioprine treatments • Hidden Markov and Fuzzy logic can help determine proper antibiotic dosage. • Linear regression models used to determine heparin dose in ICU 

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AI in Healthcare 

AI in Healthcare AI is being used in the fight against diabetes 

AI in Healthcare AI and the Xbox Kinect helping to treat Parkinson's 

What the Future May Bring 

What the Future May Bring 

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