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MAKING ACCESSIBLE
CONTENT EASY AND
PART OF YOUR WORK
February 5, 2015
Cynthia Ng
@TheRealArty
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WHAT IS WEB ACCESSIBILITY?
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Web accessibility means that people
with disabilities can use the Web.
- W3C Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI)
W3C Web Accessibility Initiative. (2005). What is Web Accessibility. Introduction to Web Accessibility. http://www.w3.org/WAI/intro/accessibility.php
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TYPES OF DISABILITIES
visual
auditory
physical/motor
touch
learning
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WHY SHOULD YOU CARE?
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Brault, Matthew W. (2012). Americans With Disabilities: 2010 Household Economic Studies. http://www.census.gov/prod/2012pubs/p70-131.pdf
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DISABILITY > MINORITY*
* Based on 2010 US census , and the
percentage of total population with a disability percentage of total population of minorities.
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POLICY & LEGISLATION
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No otherwise qualified individual with a
disability shall [...] be excluded from [...]
any program or activity receiving
Federal financial assistance.
- Section 504
United States Department of Labor. (n.d.). Section 504, The Rehabilitation Act of 1973. http://www.dol.gov/oasam/regs/statutes/sec504.htm
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THE AMERICANS WITH DISABILITIES ACT
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AT PITT EDU
Disabilities Resources and Services policies
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GETTING BUY-IN
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BENEFITS
reflect institutional mission, leadership, and values
serve all users
make sound fiscal policy
add value to the institution
Sources: Maler, A. (2013). The Complete Beginner’s Guide to Universal Design. UX Booth. and
Rowland, C., Mariger, H., Siegel, P. M., & Whiting, J. (2010). Universal Design for the Digital Environment: Transforming the Institution. EDUCAUSE Review*, 45(6).
http://www.uxbooth.com/articles/the-complete-beginners-guide-to-universal-design/
http://www.educause.edu/ero/article/universal-design-digital-environment-transforming-institution
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BENEFITS SIMPLIFIED
findable
accessible
usable
shareable
efficient
collaborative
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APPROACH TO ACCESSIBILITY
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Accessibility often gets pigeon-holed as
simply making sure there are no
barriers to access for screen readers or
other assistive technology, without
regard to usability.
- Whitney Quesenbery @whitneyq
Quesenbery, W. (2009). Usable Accessibility: Making Web Sites Work Well for People with Disabilities. UX Matters. http://www.uxmatters.com/mt/archives/2009/02/usable-
accessibility-making-web-sites-work-well-for-people-with-disabilities.php
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DESIGNING FOR ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY
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ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY
screen readers
text-to-speech
screen magnifiers
joysticks
mobile devices
keyboards
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All Technology is Assistive Technology.
- Sara Hendren @ablerism
Hendron, S. (2013). All Technology is Assistive Technology: 6 dispositions for designers on disability. https://medium.com/thoughtful-design/a8b9a581eb62
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animoca. (2012). All the Myriad Androids. http://www.animoca.com/en/2012/05/all-the-myriad-androids/CC-BY-ND 3.0
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There is no average or normal user.
- Sara Hendren @ablerism
Hendron, S. (2013). All Technology is Assistive Technology: 6 dispositions for designers on disability. https://medium.com/thoughtful-design/a8b9a581eb62
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UNIVERSAL DESIGN
Universal design is the design of
products and environments to be
usable by all people, to the greatest
extent possible, without the need for
adaptation or specialized design.
- Ron Mace
Mace, R. (1998). Universal design in housing. Assistive Technology, 10(1), 21-28.
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The Center for Universal Design. The Principles of Universal Design, Raleigh, NC: North Carolina State University. http://udlhcpss.wordpress.com/historical-foundations/
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UNIVERSAL DESIGN SUMMARIZED
equitable
flexible
simple
intuitive
low effort
approachable
usable
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marziarh. (2012). Robson Square. https://www.flickr.com/photos/maziarh/7216119402/CC BY-NC-ND 2.0
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CONTENT GUIDELINES
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GENERAL WRITING
use consistent language
write out acronyms the first time you use them
be clear and concise
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HEADINGS
Header 1 (Title): Making Content Accessible
Header 2 (Topic): Creating Documents
Header 3 (Subtopic): Using Headers
Header 2 (Topic): Creating Media
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USING STYLES
WebAIM. (2014). Microsoft Word.
© WebAIM. Used under full credit, at no cost allowance as per the .
http://webaim.org/techniques/word/
WebAIM Copyright & Terms of Use
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CHANGING STYLES
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FONT FACE, SIZE, & COLOUR
Font Face: Arial, Verdana, a Sans-Serif font
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SERIF VS. SANS-SERIF FONT
Carlton R. (2015). Challenge Bingo FAQ! Post #49. .
Reuse as per
http://www.sweetshoppecommunity.com/forum/showthread.php?p=1062723008
Sweet Shopped Designs Terms of Use
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FONT FACE, SIZE, & COLOUR
Font Face: Arial, Verdana, a Sans-Serif font
Font Size: 12pt or higher
Body: 12 pt
Header 3: 14 pt
Header 2: 16 pt
Header 1: 18 pt
Also bold & italic for headers
Font Colour: black or default
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TABLES
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BASIC TABLES IN HTML
= table row
= table header
= table cell
Date
February 5
//more dates
Time
1pm
//more times
// more rows with data
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LINKS
vs.
Click here
University of Pittsburgh
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MATH
Simple Arithmetic: 2 + 3 = 5
Complex: MathML
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MEDIA
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IMAGES
Alternative Text: alt=""
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griangrafanna. (2006). Red Panda Pensive. https://www.flickr.com/photos/rh_photographic_art/12831639683/CC BY-NC 2.0
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INSERTING IMAGES IN WORD
WebAIM. (2014). Microsoft Word.
© WebAIM. Used under full credit, at no cost allowance as per the .
http://webaim.org/techniques/word/
WebAIM Copyright & Terms of Use
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INSERTING IMAGES IN WORDPRESS
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MrShuffleupagus. (2014). This is a picture I took of a friend's dog, Spike, and the face he makes whenever he's confused. http://www.4syllables.com.au/2010/12/text-
alternatives-decision-tree/
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AUDIO
Woman: You should give an example.
Man: Very well. (clears throat) This is the best example I can think
of.
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VIDEO WITH CAPTIONS EXAMPLE
LabofOrnithology. (2012). Birds-of-Paradise Project Introduction. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YTR21os8gTA
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DESCRIPTIVE VIDEO EXAMPLE
Electrox3d. (2011). Star Wars for Blind People (Blu-ray audio track): description of a Jawa shooting R2!. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PCZqKxQME6o
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MORE ON AUDIO/VIDEO
Text Alternate not needed if already explained in text.
No autoplay
Have controls
Avoid flashing
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RESOURCE
Penn State’s Video Captions and Audio Transcripts Guide
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MEDIA SUMMARIZED
Images: alt text
Audio: transcript
Video: transcript, captions, descriptive audio
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CREATING DOCUMENTS
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ASSESSING ACCESSIBILITY OF CONTENT
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CHECKING ACCESSIBILITY IN MICROSOFT OFFICE
WebAIM. (2014). Microsoft Word.
© WebAIM. Used under full credit, at no cost allowance as per the .
http://webaim.org/techniques/word/
WebAIM Copyright & Terms of Use
WebAIM. (2014). PowerPoint Accessibility.
© WebAIM. Used under full credit, at no cost allowance as per the .
http://webaim.org/techniques/powerpoint/
WebAIM Copyright & Terms of Use
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PDF ACCESSIBILITY
WebAIM. (2014). PDF Accessibility: Converting Documents to PDF.
© WebAIM. Used under full credit, at no cost allowance as per the .
http://webaim.org/techniques/acrobat/converting
WebAIM Copyright & Terms of Use
California State University, Long Beach. (2014). Making Existing PDFs Accessible.
http://www.csulb.edu/divisions/aa/academic_technology/itss/fits/accessibility/existingpdfs.html
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BASIC PDF TEXT-READABILITY
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ONLINE ASSESSMENT TOOLS
For more,
WAVE
Color Filter
Vischeck
Color Contrast Checker
W3C Web Accessibility Tools list
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NEED HELP? JUST ASK
RESOURCES
includes making accessible Word, PDF,
PowerPoint content, and converting to PDF
DRS’ Information for Instructors
CIDDE's Accessibility Resources for Faculty
Faculty Knowledge Base's Accessibility Guidelines for
Blackboard
PittOnline Top 10 Best Practices
WebAIM Articles
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ACCESSIBILITY STATEMENT
If you have a disability for which you
are or may be requesting an
accommodation, you are encouraged to
contact both your instructor and
Disability Resources and Services (DRS),
140 William Pitt Union, (412) 648-
7890, [email protected], (412)228-
5347 for P3 ASL users, as early as
possible in the term. DRS will verify
your disability and determine
reasonable accommodations for this
course.
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EXAMPLES
Penn State University Libraries Web Accessibility Statement
Toronto Public Library Accessibility Policy
University of Oxford Accessibility Statement
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TAKE AWAY
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The power of the Web is in its
universality. Access by everyone
regardless of disability is an essential
aspect.
- Tim Berners-Lee @timbernerslee
World Wide Web Consortium. (1997). World Wide Web Consortium Launches International Program Office for Web Accessibility Initiative. http://www.w3.org/Press/IPO-
announce
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THANKS!
CONTACT
Cynthia Ng
@TheRealArty
about.me/cynthiang