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ABOUT GRADUAL TYPING
Dynamic typing: type checking at runtime only
Ex. Lisp, Smalltalk, Python, JavaScript, Ruby, Clojure, Elixir, etc.
Static typing: type declarations in source code, type checked
before runtime by static analysis of the code
Ex. C, C++, Pascal, Java, C#, Haskell, Rust, Kotlin, Swift, Elm, etc.
Gradual typing: hybrid approach—optional static type
declaration, no effect during runtime
Ex. ActionScript, Hack, Dart, TypeScript, Python with type hints...
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