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Performant Android CI Mar 20th, 2025 Jason Pearson

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Performant Android CI Mar 20th, 2025 Jason Pearson

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Performant Android CI Jason Pearson

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Performant Android CI Jason Pearson

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Performant Android CI Jason Pearson The Purpose of CI πŸ’» The Journey to Performant Android CI

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Performant Android CI Jason Pearson The Purpose of CI πŸ’» The Journey to Performant Android CI

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Performant Android CI Build & Cache Techniques πŸ“¦ CI Pipeline Design Layered Docker Images Git Custom Checkout & Fetch

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Performant Android CI Build & Cache Techniques πŸ“¦ CI Pipeline Design Layered Docker Images Git Custom Checkout & Fetch

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The Purpose of CI

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The Purpose of CI πŸ’»

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The Purpose of CI πŸ’»

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The Purpose of CI πŸ’»

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πŸ’»

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πŸ’»

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πŸ’»

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πŸ’»

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πŸ’»

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πŸ’»

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πŸ’»

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πŸ’»

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πŸ’»

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πŸ’»

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πŸ’»

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πŸ’» πŸ§ͺ

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πŸ’» πŸ§ͺ

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πŸ’» πŸ§ͺ

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πŸ’» πŸ§ͺ

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πŸ’» πŸ§ͺ πŸ‰

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πŸ’» πŸ§ͺ πŸ‰

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πŸ’» πŸ§ͺ πŸ‰

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πŸ’» πŸ§ͺ πŸ‰

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πŸ’» πŸ§ͺ πŸ‰

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πŸ’» πŸ§ͺ πŸ‰

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πŸ’» πŸ§ͺ πŸ‰

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~900 Modules πŸ’» ~1M lines of code ~100 contributors Codebase Context Dagger Anvil (KAPT) πŸ—‘ Gradle Kotlin Scripts Kotlin 1.9

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CI Context Single Docker image Datadog, Umbra Firebase Test Lab Gradle Develocity Self hosted EC2 Runners Artifactory GitLab CI

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Very long MR pipeline times

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β€’ 3-4 minutes pipeline veri fi cation jobs β€’ 30 minutes in Lint β€’ 50+ minutes in Test β€’ ~30 minutes Building APKs β€’ ~15 minutes running integration tests that are unreliable Very long MR pipeline times

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The Journey to Performant Android CI

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The Journey to Performant Android CI Some caching via Develocity πŸ“¦ All artifacts all the time Full git clone via GitLab Slow and flaky UI tests

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The Journey to Performant Android CI Some caching via Develocity πŸ“¦ All artifacts all the time Full git clone via GitLab Slow and flaky UI tests

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The Journey to Performant Android CI Everything cached πŸ“¦ All artifacts all the time Full git clone via GitLab Slow and flaky UI tests

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The Journey to Performant Android CI Everything cached πŸ“¦ Minimize git overhead All artifacts all the time Slow and flaky UI tests

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The Journey to Performant Android CI Everything cached πŸ“¦ Minimize git overhead Fast & Reliable UI Tests All artifacts all the time

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The Journey to Performant Android CI Everything cached πŸ“¦ Only artifacts as needed Fast & Reliable UI Tests Minimize git overhead

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Fast & Reliable Later… Minimize git overhead The Journey to Performant Android CI Everything cached πŸ“¦ Only artifacts as needed

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Fast & Reliable Only artifacts as needed Minimize git overhead The Journey to Performant Android CI Everything cached πŸ“¦ Later…

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Fast & Reliable Only artifacts as needed Minimize git overhead The Journey to Performant Android CI Everything cached πŸ“¦ Later…

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Fast & Reliable Only artifacts as needed Minimize git overhead The Journey to Performant Android CI Later… Build & Cache Techniques πŸ“¦

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Fast & Reliable Only artifacts as needed The Journey to Performant Android CI Later… Build & Cache Techniques πŸ“¦ Git Custom Checkout & Fetch

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Fast & Reliable Later… CI Pipeline Design The Journey to Performant Android CI Git Custom Checkout & Fetch Build & Cache Techniques πŸ“¦

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πŸ“¦ The Journey to Performant Android CI Build & Cache Techniques

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Build & Cache Techniques πŸ“¦

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JVM Memory Sizing Heap Non-Heap

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JVM Memory Sizing Heap Non-Heap Metaspace CodeCache Young & Old Gen CompressedClassPointers GC Buffers

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JVM Memory Sizing Heap Non-Heap Metaspace CodeCache Young & Old Gen CompressedClassPointers GC Buffers

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JVM Memory Sizing Gradle Daemon

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JVM Memory Sizing Gradle Daemon Kotlin Daemon

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JVM Memory Sizing Gradle Daemon Kotlin Daemon Gradle Workers

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JVM Memory Sizing Gradle Daemon Kotlin Daemon Gradle Workers

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JVM Memory Sizing Gradle Daemon Kotlin Daemon Gradle Workers Remaining Memory Divided for Workers

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JVM Memory Sizing Gradle Daemon Kotlin Daemon Gradle Workers Remaining Memory Divided for Workers

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JVM Memory Sizing Gradle Daemon Kotlin Daemon Gradle Workers Remaining Memory Divided for Workers

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JVM Memory Sizing Gradle Daemon Kotlin Daemon Gradle Workers Remaining Memory Divided for Workers

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JVM Memory Sizing Gradle Daemon Kotlin Daemon Gradle Workers Remaining Memory Divided for Workers

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JVM Memory Sizing Gradle Daemon Kotlin Daemon Gradle Workers Remaining Memory Divided for Workers

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JVM Memory Sizing Gradle Daemon Kotlin Daemon Gradle Workers Remaining Memory Divided for Workers

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JVM Memory Sizing Gradle Daemon Kotlin Daemon Gradle Workers Remaining Memory Divided for Workers

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JVM Memory Sizing Gradle Daemon Kotlin Daemon Gradle Workers Remaining Memory Divided for Workers

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JVM Memory Sizing Non-Heap memory has internal competition

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JVM Memory Sizing Gradle Daemon Kotlin Daemon Gradle Workers Remaining Memory Divided for Workers

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JVM Memory Sizing Gradle Daemon Kotlin Daemon Gradle Workers Remaining Memory Divided for Workers Compilation Test

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JVM Memory Sizing Gradle Workers Compilation Test

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JVM Memory Sizing Gradle Workers Compilation Test org.gradle.workers.max maxParallelForks 256m 512m Default Heaps:

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The number of milliseconds to hold onto soft references per MB of heap size, default 1000 = 2h 16m 32s 8GB Heap @ 1 MS Policy 8GB Heap @ 1000 MS Policy = 0h 0m 8s 8GB Heap @ 10 MS Policy = 0h 1m 22s SoftRefLRUPolicyMSPerMB JVM Memory Sizing

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JVM Memory Sizing

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JVM Memory Sizing Coming Soon: Tool for Sizing

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tcmalloc malloc replacements jemalloc Freeing up as much memory as possible. Optimize for speed while keeping memory usage steady. Pending evaluation…

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Android Lint Best Practices πŸ‰

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Android Lint Best Practices πŸ‰ https://googlesamples.github.io/android-custom-lint-rules/ βœ… ignoreTestSources ❌ checkAllWarnings βœ… checkDependencies Do the following:

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Build Cache Configuration Cache Dependency Cache Script Cache Gradle Caches

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Build Cache EXECUTING Configuration Cache Dependency Cache Script Cache Gradle Caches

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Build Cache EXECUTING Configuration Cache Dependency Cache Script Cache Gradle Caches

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Build Cache EXECUTING Configuration Cache Dependency Cache Script Cache Gradle Caches

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Build Cache CONFIGURING EXECUTING Configuration Cache Dependency Cache Script Cache Gradle Caches

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Build Cache Configuration Cache Dependency Cache Script Cache Gradle Caches

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Gradle Build Cache

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β€’ Reduce the number of inputs per task and make them more stable β€’ Gradle build scans to observe performance Gradle Build Cache

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Gradle Build Cache

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Gradle Configuration Cache on CI

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2-3 min possible savings per job Gradle Configuration Cache on CI

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Relies on caching outputs of configuration phase, which rely on all inputs used in the build. So we need to: 1. Find all inputs 2. Hash them 3. Search cache provider Gradle Configuration Cache on CI

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75 60 45 30 15 0 seconds Find Grep Find w/Prune ripgrep Source Hashing Search speed πŸ”Ž

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~/.gradle/caches/<< gradle_version >>/dependencies-accessors ~/.gradle/caches/<< gradle_version >>/generated-gradle-jars ~/.gradle/caches/<< gradle_version >>/kotlin-dsl ~/.gradle/caches/<< gradle_version >>/transforms ~/.gradle/caches/modules-2 ~/.gradle/caches/jars-9 .gradle/<< gradle_version >> .gradle/configuration-cache build-logic/**/build ci-cache.yml

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$ aws s3 cp β€œ$(pwd)” ”$S3_BUCKET_AND_PATH" \ --exclude β€œ*" \ --include β€œ*.zip" \ --recursive AWS S3 + ZIP

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Gradle Configuration Cache on CI Reusing configuration cache.

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Gradle Configuration Cache on CI πŸš€

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➜ .gradle git:(main) βœ— du -sh 8.11.1 7.4M 8.11.1 ➜ .gradle git:(main) βœ— du -sh configuration-cache 1.7M configuration-cache Gradle Configuration Cache on CI

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➜ 8.11.1 du -sh transforms 1.1G transforms ➜ 8.11.1 du -sh generated-gradle-jars 177M generated-gradle-jars ➜ 8.11.1 du -sh kotlin-dsl 37M kotlin-dsl ➜ 8.11.1 du -sh dependencies-accessors 12M dependencies-accessors Gradle Configuration Cache on CI

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10 8 6 4 2 0 seconds tar gzip pigz zstd lz4 Compression Options - against 1 GB πŸ—œ

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10 8 6 4 2 0 seconds tar gzip pigz zstd lz4 Compression Options - against 1 GB πŸ—œ with multiple cores

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10 8 6 4 2 0 seconds tar gzip pigz zstd lz4 Compression Options - against 1 GB πŸ—œ with multiple cores

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10 8 6 4 2 0 seconds tar gzip pigz zstd lz4 Compression Options - against 1 GB πŸ—œ with multiple cores

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10 8 6 4 2 0 seconds tar gzip pigz zstd lz4 Compression Options - against 1 GB πŸ—œ with multiple cores

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zstd at its fastest speed has better compression than gzipped tar lz4 is lossless, which means its compression is almost nothing Multi-threaded didn’t make a difference in production Compression Options πŸ—œ

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AWS S3 + ZSTD # find sources via ripgrep # dry run # create zstd archives # full run $ upload zstd archives via AWS S3

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Gradle Configuration Cache on CI

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Gradle Configuration Cache on CI Oops

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Gradle Caches on CI πŸ€” Config Cache Dependencies Script Cache Build Cache

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Gradle Caches on CI Config Cache Dependencies Script Cache Build Cache πŸ’‘ Task History

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Gradle Caches on CI Config Cache Dependencies Script Cache Build Cache πŸ’‘ Task History

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Gradle User Home in Docker COPY . /prebuild

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Gradle User Home in Docker Custom git checkout Supporting Pipeline Layered images Track size & drift

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Custom git checkout & fetch

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GitLab limited options and inefficient Custom git checkout & fetch Minimize layer size

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git clone commit tree blob

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git clone HEAD commit tree blob

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git clone: blobless HEAD commit tree blob

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git clone: treeless HEAD commit tree blob

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git clone: shallow HEAD commit tree blob

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75 60 45 30 15 0 seconds Custom git checkout & fetch default clone blobless clone treeless clone shallow clone

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75 60 45 30 15 0 seconds default clone blobless clone treeless clone shallow clone Custom git checkout & fetch treeless fetch

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Custom git checkout & fetch

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COPY . /prebuild Layered images

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FROM zillow-docker.artifactory… COPY . /prebuild Layered images

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FROM zillow-docker.artifactory… COPY . /prebuild RUN \ rm -rf /root/.gradle && \ mkdir -p /root/.gradle && \ mv /prebuild/gradle-user-home-backup / root/.gradle Layered images

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FROM zillow-docker.artifactory… COPY . /prebuild RUN \ rm -rf /root/.gradle && \ mkdir -p /root/.gradle && \ mv /prebuild/gradle-user-home-backup / root/.gradle Layered images

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# .dockerignore **/build/ Layered images

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Layered images

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Layered images

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Layered images

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Layered images Building Real Estate Debug APK Previously 30 minutes Down to 2 minutes on complete cache hit

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πŸ§ͺ Layered images Android Unit Tests Previously 50 minutes Down to 4 minutes on complete cache hit

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CI Pipeline Design

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Automate building, publishing, using Docker images Flatten to reduce negative space and parallelize work Use downstream pipelines to organize and declutter CI Pipeline Design

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CI Pipeline Design: Iterations

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CI Pipeline Design: Iterations

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CI Pipeline Design: Iterations

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CI Pipeline Design: Critical Checks Group checks that always complete in 60 seconds or less. Fail entire pipeline if critical check fails, but otherwise let pipelines continue.

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CI Pipeline Design: Critical Checks

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CI Pipeline Design: Critical Checks

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CI Pipeline Design: Team Jobs Dynamically run team specific work. Make it easy to keep author-team relationship up to date.

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CI Pipeline Design: Team Jobs

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CI Pipeline Design: Today

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CI Pipeline Design: Today

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CI Pipeline Design: Today

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CI Pipeline Design: Today

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CI Pipeline Design: Today

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CI Pipeline Design: Downstream Included Build Gradle Code Analysis Unit Tests

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Observability - Docker Overhead

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Observability - Docker Overhead

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3 2 1 0 minutes Original Gradle Tools Observability - Docker Overhead

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3 2 1 0 minutes Original Gradle Tools Increased pull time nullified with pre-pulling images Observability - Docker Overhead

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3 2 1 0 minutes Original Gradle Tools Increased pull time nullified with pre-pulling images Observability - Docker Overhead

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Observability - Code Drift git rev-list --left-right \ --count β€œ${OLD_SHA}...${NEW_SHA}"

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Observability - Code Drift

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No content

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So how fast is it today?

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p75 30 min

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Observability - Code Drift

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The Journey to Performant Android CI

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What’s next? Emulator.wtf Local Build Perf Upgrading to Kotlin 2 πŸ’»

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Jason Pearson Questions?