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Modularizing Android Applications Marvin Ramin @Mauin

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Modularizing Android Applications Marvin Ramin @Mauin

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Motivations to modularize an application

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Disclaimer

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. !"" app # !"" build.gradle # $"" src # $"" main # !"" AndroidManifest.xml # !"" kotlin # # $"" com.some.app # # !"" Application.kt # # !"" login # # # !"" LoginActivity.kt # # # !"" LoginPresenter.kt # # # !"" LoginRepository.kt # # !"" content # # # !"" ContentActivity.kt # # # !"" ContentFragment.kt # # # !"" ContentDatabase.kt # # # !"" ApiClient.kt # # !"" feature3 # # !"" feature4 # # !"" apiclient # # !"" ... # # !"" ... # $"" res # !"" drawable # $"" ... # !"" build.gradle !"" gradle $"" settings.gradle

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. !"" app # !"" build.gradle # $"" src # $"" main # !"" AndroidManifest.xml # !"" kotlin # # $"" com.some.app # # !"" Application.kt # # !"" login # # # !"" LoginActivity.kt # # # !"" LoginPresenter.kt # # # !"" LoginRepository.kt # # !"" content # # # !"" ContentActivity.kt # # # !"" ContentFragment.kt # # # !"" ContentDatabase.kt # # # !"" ApiClient.kt # # !"" feature3 # # !"" feature4 # # !"" apiclient # # !"" ... # # !"" ... # $"" res # !"" drawable # $"" ... # !"" build.gradle !"" gradle $"" settings.gradle

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. !"" app # !"" build.gradle # $"" src # $"" main # !"" AndroidManifest.xml # !"" kotlin # # $"" com.some.app # # !"" Application.kt # # !"" login # # # !"" LoginActivity.kt # # # !"" LoginPresenter.kt # # # !"" LoginRepository.kt # # !"" content # # # !"" ContentActivity.kt # # # !"" ContentFragment.kt # # # !"" ContentDatabase.kt # # # !"" ApiClient.kt # # !"" feature3 # # !"" feature4 # # !"" apiclient # # !"" ... # # !"" ... # $"" res # !"" drawable # $"" ... # !"" build.gradle !"" gradle $"" settings.gradle

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. !"" app # !"" build.gradle # $"" src # $"" main # !"" AndroidManifest.xml # !"" kotlin # # $"" com.some.app # # !"" Application.kt # # !"" login # # # !"" LoginActivity.kt # # # !"" LoginPresenter.kt # # # !"" LoginRepository.kt # # !"" content # # # !"" ContentActivity.kt # # # !"" ContentFragment.kt # # # !"" ContentDatabase.kt # # # !"" ApiClient.kt # # !"" feature3 # # !"" feature4 # # !"" apiclient # # !"" ... # # !"" ... # $"" res # !"" drawable # $"" ... # !"" build.gradle !"" gradle $"" settings.gradle

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:app

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:app login content apiclient

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:app login content apiclient apply plugin: ‘com.android.application’

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Single Module Application

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Single Project Build

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Monolith

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TODO: Add image of interconnected codebase

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Microservices in an Android App

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Everything is visible No separation of concerns No clear APIs/responsibilities

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Moving towards a modularized codebase

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Look at your app

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No content

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No content

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Look at your codebase

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“Libraries” don’t have to be external

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Multi-Project Build

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:app login content apiclient apply plugin: ‘com.android.application’

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:app login content apiclient apply plugin: ‘com.android.application’ settings.gradle include ':app'

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:app login content :apiclient apply plugin: ‘com.android.application’

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:app login content :apiclient apply plugin: ‘com.android.library’ apply plugin: ‘com.android.application’

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:app login content :apiclient apply plugin: ‘com.android.library’ apply plugin: ‘com.android.application’ implementation project(':apiclient')

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. !"" app # !"" build.gradle # $"" src # $"" main # !"" AndroidManifest.xml # !"" kotlin # # $"" com.some.app # # !"" Application.kt # # !"" login # # # !"" LoginActivity.kt # # # !"" LoginPresenter.kt # # # !"" AccountRepository.kt # # !"" content # # !"" apiclient # $"" res # !"" drawable # $"" … !"" build.gradle !"" gradle $"" settings.gradle

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. !"" app # !"" build.gradle # $"" src # $"" main # !"" AndroidManifest.xml # !"" kotlin # # $"" com.some.app # # !"" Application.kt # # !"" login # # # !"" LoginActivity.kt # # # !"" LoginPresenter.kt # # # !"" AccountRepository.kt # # !"" content # # !"" apiclient # $"" res # !"" drawable # $"" … !"" build.gradle !"" gradle $"" settings.gradle

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. !"" app # !"" build.gradle # $"" src # $"" main # !"" AndroidManifest.xml # !"" kotlin # # $"" com.some.app # # !"" Application.kt # # !"" login # # # !"" LoginActivity.kt # # # !"" LoginPresenter.kt # # # !"" AccountRepository.kt # # !"" content # $"" res # !"" drawable # $"" … !"" apiclient # !"" build.gradle # $"" src !"" build.gradle !"" gradle $"" settings.gradle

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. !"" app # !"" build.gradle # $"" src # $"" main # !"" AndroidManifest.xml # !"" kotlin # # $"" com.some.app # # !"" Application.kt # # !"" login # # # !"" LoginActivity.kt # # # !"" LoginPresenter.kt # # # !"" AccountRepository.kt # # !"" content # $"" res # !"" drawable # $"" … !"" apiclient # !"" build.gradle # $"" src !"" build.gradle !"" gradle $"" settings.gradle settings.gradle

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. !"" app # !"" build.gradle # $"" src # $"" main # !"" AndroidManifest.xml # !"" kotlin # # $"" com.some.app # # !"" Application.kt # # !"" login # # # !"" LoginActivity.kt # # # !"" LoginPresenter.kt # # # !"" AccountRepository.kt # # !"" content # $"" res # !"" drawable # $"" … !"" apiclient # !"" build.gradle # $"" src !"" build.gradle !"" gradle $"" settings.gradle settings.gradle include ‘:app’, ‘:apiclient’

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. !"" app # !"" build.gradle # $"" src # $"" main # !"" AndroidManifest.xml # !"" kotlin # # $"" com.some.app # # !"" Application.kt # # !"" login # # # !"" LoginActivity.kt # # # !"" LoginPresenter.kt # # # !"" AccountRepository.kt # # !"" content # $"" res # !"" drawable # $"" … !"" modules # $"" apiclient # !"" build.gradle # $"" src !"" build.gradle !"" gradle $"" settings.gradle settings.gradle include ‘:app’, ‘:modules:apiclient’

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:app login content :apiclient apply plugin: ‘com.android.library’ apply plugin: ‘com.android.application’ implementation project(':apiclient')

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:app login content :apiclient apply plugin: ‘java-library’ apply plugin: ‘com.android.application’ implementation project(':apiclient')

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:app login content :apiclient apply plugin: ‘kotlin’ apply plugin: ‘com.android.application’ implementation project(':apiclient')

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Refactor —> Modularize

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Refactor —> Modularize

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:app login content :apiclient apply plugin: ‘kotlin’ apply plugin: ‘com.android.application’ implementation project(':apiclient')

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:app :apiclient apply plugin: ‘kotlin’ apply plugin: ‘com.android.application’ implementation project(':apiclient') content login

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:app :apiclient apply plugin: ‘kotlin’ apply plugin: ‘com.android.application’ implementation project(':apiclient') :login apply plugin: ‘com.android.library’ content

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:app :apiclient apply plugin: ‘kotlin’ apply plugin: ‘com.android.application’ implementation project(':apiclient') :login apply plugin: ‘com.android.library’ implementation project(‘:login') content

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:app :apiclient apply plugin: ‘kotlin’ apply plugin: ‘com.android.application’ implementation project(':apiclient') :login apply plugin: ‘com.android.library’ implementation project(‘:login') implementation project(‘:apiclient’) content

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:app :apiclient apply plugin: ‘kotlin’ apply plugin: ‘com.android.application’ implementation project(':apiclient') :login apply plugin: ‘com.android.library’ implementation project(‘:login') implementation project(‘:apiclient’) content

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:app :apiclient apply plugin: ‘kotlin’ apply plugin: ‘com.android.application’ implementation project(':apiclient') :login apply plugin: ‘com.android.library’ implementation project(‘:login') implementation project(‘:apiclient’) content :user

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:app :apiclient apply plugin: ‘kotlin’ apply plugin: ‘com.android.application’ implementation project(':apiclient') :login apply plugin: ‘com.android.library’ implementation project(‘:login') implementation project(‘:apiclient’) content :user

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:app :apiclient apply plugin: ‘kotlin’ apply plugin: ‘com.android.application’ implementation project(':apiclient') :login apply plugin: ‘com.android.library’ implementation project(‘:login') implementation project(‘:apiclient’) content :user :utils

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:app :apiclient apply plugin: ‘kotlin’ apply plugin: ‘com.android.application’ implementation project(':apiclient') :login apply plugin: ‘com.android.library’ implementation project(‘:login') implementation project(‘:apiclient’) content :user :utils

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:app :apiclient apply plugin: ‘kotlin’ apply plugin: ‘com.android.application’ implementation project(':apiclient') :login apply plugin: ‘com.android.library’ implementation project(‘:login') implementation project(‘:apiclient’) content :user :utils :rabbithole

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:app :apiclient apply plugin: ‘kotlin’ apply plugin: ‘com.android.application’ implementation project(':apiclient') :login apply plugin: ‘com.android.library’ implementation project(‘:login') implementation project(‘:apiclient’) content :user :utils :rabbithole

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:app :apiclient apply plugin: ‘kotlin’ apply plugin: ‘com.android.application’ implementation project(':apiclient') :login apply plugin: ‘com.android.library’ implementation project(‘:login') implementation project(‘:apiclient’) content :user :utils :rabbithole

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:app login content apiclient apply plugin: ‘com.android.application’

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:base content apiclient apply plugin: ‘com.android.library’ :app apply plugin: ‘com.android.application’ implementation project(‘:base') login

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:base content apiclient apply plugin: ‘com.android.library’ :app apply plugin: ‘com.android.application’ :login implementation project(‘:base') apply plugin: ‘com.android.library’ implementation project(‘:base') implementation project(‘:login’)

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:base content apply plugin: ‘com.android.library’ :app apply plugin: ‘com.android.application’ :login implementation project(‘:base') :apiclient apply plugin: ‘com.android.library’ apply plugin: ‘kotlin’ implementation project(‘:base') implementation project(‘:login’)

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Different (sample) apps

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:base apply plugin: ‘com.android.library’ :app :login apply plugin: ‘com.android.library’ :content apply plugin: ‘com.android.library’ apply plugin: ‘com.android.application’

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:base apply plugin: ‘com.android.library’ :app :login apply plugin: ‘com.android.library’ :content apply plugin: ‘com.android.library’

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:base apply plugin: ‘com.android.library’ :app :login apply plugin: ‘com.android.library’ :content apply plugin: ‘com.android.library’

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:base apply plugin: ‘com.android.library’ :app :login apply plugin: ‘com.android.library’ :content apply plugin: ‘com.android.library’ :androidwear :instantapp :sample

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Each module has a clear API

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Each module has a clear API Clear responsibilities between teams

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Each module has a clear API Clear responsibilities between teams Module maintenance goes up

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Each module has a clear API Clear responsibilities between teams Module maintenance goes up Compile times go down

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Why does it compile faster?

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:app

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:app Change

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:app Change

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:app :app Change

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:app :app Change Change

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:app :app Change Change

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Declaring dependencies

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compile someDependency

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compile someDependency compile someDependency

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compile someDependency api someDependency implementation someDependency compile someDependency

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api implementation

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api implementation :apiclient api ‘com.squareup:okhttp:3.9.0’ :apiclient implementation ‘com.squareup:okhttp:3.9.0’

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api implementation :apiclient api ‘com.squareup:okhttp:3.9.0’ :apiclient implementation ‘com.squareup:okhttp:3.9.0’ :app :app

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api implementation :apiclient api ‘com.squareup:okhttp:3.9.0’ :apiclient implementation ‘com.squareup:okhttp:3.9.0’ :app :app import com.squareup.OkHttpClient import com.squareup.OkHttpClient

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api implementation :apiclient api ‘com.squareup:okhttp:3.9.0’ :apiclient implementation ‘com.squareup:okhttp:3.9.0’ :app :app import com.squareup.OkHttpClient import com.squareup.OkHttpClient

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api implementation :apiclient api ‘com.squareup:okhttp:3.9.0’ :apiclient implementation ‘com.squareup:okhttp:3.9.0’ :app :app import com.squareup.OkHttpClient import com.squareup.OkHttpClient

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Define your dependencies in one place

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Define your dependencies in one place dependencies.gradle file

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Define your dependencies in one place dependencies.gradle file Assure dependency versions are the same across all modules

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Define your dependencies in one place dependencies.gradle file Assure dependency versions are the same across all modules Define core dependencies in a base module

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// dependencies.gradle ext { androidBuildToolsVersion = '26.0.1' androidCompileSdkVersion = 26 androidMinSdkVersion = 23 androidTargetSdkVersion = 26 libraries = [ rxJava2 : "io.reactivex.rxjava2:rxjava:2.1.5", ... ] }

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// dependencies.gradle ext { androidBuildToolsVersion = '26.0.1' androidCompileSdkVersion = 26 androidMinSdkVersion = 23 androidTargetSdkVersion = 26 libraries = [ rxJava2 : "io.reactivex.rxjava2:rxjava:2.1.5", ... ] } // build.gradle android { compileSdkVersion androidCompileSdkVersion buildToolsVersion androidBuildToolsVersion ... } dependencies { implementation libraries.rxJava2 }

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apply plugin: “com.android.library” android { compileSdkVersion versions.compileSdk defaultConfig { minSdkVersion versions.minSdk targetSdkVersion versions.targetSdk versionCode 1 versionName "1.0" testInstrumentationRunner "android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner" } buildTypes { release { minifyEnabled false proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro' } } }

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apply plugin: “com.android.library” android { compileSdkVersion versions.compileSdk defaultConfig { minSdkVersion versions.minSdk targetSdkVersion versions.targetSdk versionCode 1 versionName "1.0" testInstrumentationRunner "android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner" } buildTypes { release { minifyEnabled false proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro' } } } my-base-library.gradle:

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// ./module/build.gradle apply from: “my-base-library.gradle” dependencies { … }

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Centralize (some) resources

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Centralize (some) resources colors, dimens, strings, …

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Testing

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Dependency Injection

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@Component(modules = { ApplicationModule.class, ApiClientModule.class // <- comes from the :apiclient module }) public interface ApplicationComponent { }

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Navigation

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:base apply plugin: ‘com.android.library’ :app apply plugin: ‘com.android.application’ :login apply plugin: ‘com.android.library’ :content apply plugin: ‘com.android.library’

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:base apply plugin: ‘com.android.library’ :app apply plugin: ‘com.android.application’ :login apply plugin: ‘com.android.library’ :content apply plugin: ‘com.android.library’ ?

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Start writing new components in separate modules

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Start writing new components in separate modules Identify core modules

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Start writing new components in separate modules Identify core modules Make a plan and extract slowly

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Start writing new components in separate modules Identify core modules Make a plan and extract slowly Enjoy the multi-module world

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Thank you!

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Thank you! github.com/Mauin twitter.com/@Mauin