Unikernels and hyper-elastic clouds

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Unikernels  and hyper-elastic clouds … on behalf of a merry crew: Anil Madhavapeddy, Thomas Gazagnaire, David Scott, Thomas Leonard, Richard Mortier, Magnus Skjegstad, David Sheets, Balraj Singh, Jon Crowcroft, Mindy Preston, and many others! CodeMesh November 2015 @amirmc Amir Chaudhry

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About me Work on MirageOS (herd cats) I like systems stuff! Previously Physicist, Neuroscientist,  CompSci (ish), Startups, BigCo. @amirmc

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Software today… …is an application … @amirmc

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Software today… …is an application … … on top of an Operating System. @amirmc

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Software today… … is built locally… @amirmc

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Software today… … is built locally… … but deployed remotely. @amirmc

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Software today… … needs more tools. @amirmc

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Software today… …is complex! Even though most apps are single-purpose @amirmc

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Complexity is the enemy… More layers -> tricky conﬁg Duplication -> inefﬁciency Large sizes -> long boot times More stuff -> larger attack surface @amirmc

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We build for clouds as we do for desktops Why?

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Can we do better? @amirmc Hardware Kernel Userland App A App B App C Full OS

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Can we do better? @amirmc Hardware Hardware Kernel Userland App A App B App C Kernel Container A Container B Container C Full OS Minimal OS

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Can we do better? @amirmc Hardware Hardware Hardware Kernel Userland App A App B App C Kernel Container A Container B Container C Full OS Minimal OS ? Specialisation

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Can we do better? Disentangle applications from the OS Break up OS functionality into modular libraries Link only the system functionality your app needs Target alternative platforms from a single codebase @amirmc

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Can we do better? @amirmc Hardware Hardware Hardware Kernel Userland App A App B App C Kernel Container A Container B Container C Full OS Minimal OS ? Specialisation

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Can we do better? @amirmc Hardware Hardware Hardware Kernel Userland App A App B App C Kernel Container A Container B Container C A B C Full OS Minimal OS Unikernels Specialisation

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The Rise of the Unikernel Unikernels are specialised machine images built from a modular stack adding system libraries and conﬁguration to application code Every application is compiled into its own specialised OS that runs on the cloud or embedded devices @amirmc https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unikernel

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• ClickOS • Clive • Drawbridge • HaLVM • IncludeOS • LING • MirageOS • OSv • Rumprun The Rise of the Unikernel @amirmc

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MirageOS @amirmc

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MirageOS unikernel } @amirmc

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MirageOS unikernel } @amirmc Familiar development cycle Broad deployment scenarios

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MirageOS Unix Develop logic MirageOS System Libs @amirmc

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MirageOS Specialise for deploy… … to multiple environments @amirmc Xen

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So what?

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Example: Static websites (though applicable to any application)

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Examples • Secure services • Jekyll to Unikernel • Automated deployment • Summon on demand • Upcoming releases!

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• Rewrote TLS • Functional core • Less code Bitcoin Piñata Secure services

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8.2MB 102 kloc 2560 kloc ~200MB No extra stuff! Small &  Secure! Much better security

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Easy deployment • Jekyll to Unikernel • Automated deployment

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Develop Deploy Test Example …in ~100 lines of code @amirmc

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Summon on demand • Boots on demand • Masks latency • Increased Efﬁciency Jitsu

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Recap • Secure services • Easy deployment • Summon on demand • Upcoming releases!

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General workﬂow …in ~100 lines of code Develop Deploy Test

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Deployments @amirmc

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Trade-off (for now)… @amirmc

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… however :)

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Why I care @amirmc Empower individuals Distributed personal clouds Resilient, scalable systems

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Why I care MirageOS (OS/application) Irmin (Storage/Sync) Signpost (Identity/Connectivity) OCaml (Safety/Modularity) Mail Contacts Calendar @amirmc

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Contribute! @amirmc https://mirage.io http://nymote.org http://ocaml.org