HTTP2とASGI Webサーバの関係 - Hypercornを例に

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)551ͱ"4(*8FCαʔόͷؔ܎ )ZQFSDPSOΛྫʹ Junya Fukuda PyCon mini Hiroshima 2020

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썡쎕썟썷쎣쎟 •෱ా ൏໵ʢJunya Fukudaʣʢ@JunyaFffʣ •גࣜձࣾ೔ຊγεςϜٕݚʢJSLʣॴଐ ௕໺ݝͷձࣾ •ੜ·Ε͸޿ౡݝͷ͓ྡɺࢁޱݝ •GEEKLAB.NAGANO •࠷ۙϚΠϯΫϥϑτͰখֶੜ޲͚Youtube഑৴࢝ΊΔ ΪʔΫϥϘ௕໺ϚΠΫϥ

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ຊ쏅쏍쏁쏱쏽쎅ྲྀ쎣 •ASGIͬͯͳʹʁ •HTTP/2ͬͯͳʹʁ •Hypercorn×FastAPIͰετϦʔϜ •Hypercorn×FastAPIΛ࢖ͬͨHTTP/1.1 HTTP/2ੑೳଌఆ

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1ZUIPO8FCͰ )551Λҙࣝͨ͜͠ͱ ͋Γ·͔͢ʁ

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쏬쏋쏣썗쏁쏱쏽썿쎾썗쏵 •HTTP/2Λҙࣝͨ͜͠ͱ͸͋·Γͳ͍ •σϓϩΠ؀ڥʹ͸ϦόʔεϓϩΩγ͍Δ͠ɺHTTP/2ؾʹ͢Δͷ͸ͦ͘͜Β͍

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쏬쏋쏣썗쏁쏱쏽썿쎾썗쏵 •HTTP/2Λҙࣝͨ͜͠ͱ͸͋·Γͳ͍ •σϓϩΠ؀ڥʹ͸ϦόʔεϓϩΩγ͍Δ͠ɺHTTP/2ؾʹ͢Δͷ͸ͦ͘͜Β͍ •ϩʔυόϥϯαʔ ͷ಺ଆ͸HTTP/1.1Ͱे෼

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쏬쏋쏣썗쏁쏱쏽썿쎾썗쏵 •HTTP/2Λҙࣝͨ͜͠ͱ͸͋·Γͳ͍ •σϓϩΠ؀ڥʹ͸ϦόʔεϓϩΩγ͍Δ͠ɺHTTP/2ؾʹ͢Δͷ͸ͦ͘͜Β͍ •ϩʔυόϥϯαʔ ͷ಺ଆ͸HTTP/1.1Ͱे෼ •ʢPure Python ͷWebαʔόͳΜͯʣ

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쏬쏋쏣썗쏁쏱쏽썿쎾썗쏵 •HTTP/2Λҙࣝͨ͜͠ͱ͸͋·Γͳ͍ •σϓϩΠ؀ڥʹ͸ϦόʔεϓϩΩγ͍Δ͠ɺHTTP/2ؾʹ͢Δͷ͸ͦ͘͜Β͍ •ϩʔυόϥϯαʔ ͷ಺ଆ͸HTTP/1.1Ͱे෼ •ͦΜͳͳ͔ɺASGIͱHypercornͱग़ձͬͨ •Python WebͰHTTP/2ʹ͢Δͱͳʹ͕͓͍͍͠ͷʁ •ʢPure Python ͷWebαʔόͳΜͯʣ

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"4(*ͬͯͳʹʁ

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"4(*썺썽쎁쎂 •Asynchronous Server Gateway Interface ͷུ •WSGIͷޙܧ •WebαʔόͱΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͷΠϯλʔϑΣʔεͷ࢓༷

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"4(*썺썽쎁쎂 •Asynchronous Server Gateway Interface ͷུ •Webαʔό͕ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͷ async/await ʹରԠ •WSGIͷޙܧ •WebαʔόͱΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͷΠϯλʔϑΣʔεͷ࢓༷

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"4(*썺썽쎁쎂 •Asynchronous Server Gateway Interface ͷུ •Webαʔό͕ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͷ async/await ʹରԠ •WSGIͷޙܧ •WebαʔόͱΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͷΠϯλʔϑΣʔεͷ࢓༷ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EwG5EWKu8nw ASGIʢඇಉظαʔόήʔτ΢ΣΠΠϯλʔϑΣʔεʣͷ֓ཁ (Junya Fukuda) [PyCon JP 2020]

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"4(*썺썽쎁쎂 •୅දతͳASGIؔ࿈ͷαʔόͱϑϨʔϜϫʔΫ

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)551ͬͯͳʹʁ

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)551썺썽쎁쎂 •HTTP/̍.1͔Β16೥ͷࡀ݄Λܦͯɺ2015೥ʹRFC •଎౓վળΛ໨తͱͨ͠࢓༷

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)551썺썽쎁쎂 •HTTP/̍.1͔Β16೥ͷࡀ݄Λܦͯɺ2015೥ʹRFC •αʔόαΠυϓογϡ •ϔομʔͷѹॖ •ετϦʔϜʢϦΫΤετͷଟॏԽʣ •଎౓վળΛ໨తͱͨ͠࢓༷

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)551썺썽쎁쎂 •HTTP/̍.1͔Β16೥ͷࡀ݄Λܦͯɺ2015೥ʹRFC •αʔόαΠυϓογϡ •ϔομʔͷѹॖ •ετϦʔϜʢϦΫΤετͷଟॏԽʣ •଎౓վળΛ໨తͱͨ͠࢓༷

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)551썺썽쎁쎂 •ετϦʔϜ

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)551썺썽쎁쎂 •ετϦʔϜ ‣ HTTP/̍.1ͷ໰୊఺Λղܾ͢ΔͨΊͷ࢓༷ •1ͭͷϦΫΤετ͕׬ྃ͢Δ·Ͱݪଇɺ࣍ͷϦΫΤετΛૹΕͳ͍໰୊

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)551썺썽쎁쎂 ‣ HTTP/̍.1ͷ໰୊఺Λղܾ͢ΔͨΊͷ࢓༷ •1ͭͷϦΫΤετ͕׬ྃ͢Δ·Ͱݪଇɺ࣍ͷϦΫΤετΛૹΕͳ͍໰୊ ‣ ΫϥΠΞϯτ ‣ αʔόʔ

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)551썺썽쎁쎂 ‣ HTTP/̍.1ͷ໰୊఺Λղܾ͢ΔͨΊͷ࢓༷ •1ͭͷϦΫΤετ͕׬ྃ͢Δ·Ͱݪଇɺ࣍ͷϦΫΤετΛૹΕͳ͍໰୊ ‣ ΫϥΠΞϯτ ‣ αʔόʔ

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)551썺썽쎁쎂 ‣ HTTP/̍.1ͷ໰୊఺Λղܾ͢ΔͨΊͷ࢓༷ •1ͭͷϦΫΤετ͕׬ྃ͢Δ·Ͱݪଇɺ࣍ͷϦΫΤετΛૹΕͳ͍໰୊ ‣ ΫϥΠΞϯτ ‣ αʔόʔ

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)551썺썽쎁쎂 ‣ HTTP/̍.1ͷ໰୊఺Λղܾ͢ΔͨΊͷ࢓༷ •1ͭͷϦΫΤετ͕׬ྃ͢Δ·Ͱݪଇɺ࣍ͷϦΫΤετΛૹΕͳ͍໰୊ ‣ ΫϥΠΞϯτ ‣ αʔόʔ

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)551썺썽쎁쎂 ‣ HTTP/̍.1ͷ໰୊఺Λղܾ͢ΔͨΊͷ࢓༷ •1ͭͷϦΫΤετ͕׬ྃ͢Δ·Ͱݪଇɺ࣍ͷϦΫΤετΛૹΕͳ͍໰୊ ‣ ΫϥΠΞϯτ ‣ αʔόʔ

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)551썺썽쎁쎂 ‣ HTTP/̍.1ͷ໰୊఺Λղܾ͢ΔͨΊͷ࢓༷ •1ͭͷϦΫΤετ͕׬ྃ͢Δ·Ͱݪଇɺ࣍ͷϦΫΤετΛૹΕͳ͍໰୊ ‣ ΫϥΠΞϯτ ‣ αʔόʔ HTTP/̍.1ͷϦΫΤετ-Ϩεϙ ϯε͸ɺৗʹॱ൪Λอͪಉظత ʹߦΘΕΔඞཁ͕͋Δ

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)551썺썽쎁쎂 ‣ HTTP/̍.1ͷ໰୊఺Λղܾ͢ΔͨΊͷ࢓༷ •1ͭͷϦΫΤετ͕׬ྃ͢Δ·Ͱݪଇɺ࣍ͷϦΫΤετΛૹΕͳ͍໰୊ ‣ ΫϥΠΞϯτ ‣ αʔόʔ HTTP/̍.1ͷϦΫΤετ-Ϩεϙ ϯε͸ɺৗʹॱ൪Λอͪಉظత ʹߦΘΕΔඞཁ͕͋Δ WebγεςϜͰ͸ ը໘දࣔ࣌ʹ80ϦΫΤετ

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)551썺썽쎁쎂 ‣ ྫ͑͹օ͞Μ͕࢖͍ͬͯΔGmail

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)551썺썽쎁쎂 ‣ HTTP/̍.1ͷ໰୊఺Λղܾ͢ΔͨΊͷ࢓༷ •1ͭͷϦΫΤετ͕׬ྃ͢Δ·Ͱݪଇɺ࣍ͷϦΫΤετΛૹΕͳ͍໰୊ ‣ ΫϥΠΞϯτ ‣ αʔόʔ ‣ TCP × 6ຊ

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)551썺썽쎁쎂 ‣ HTTP/̍.1ͷ໰୊఺Λղܾ͢ΔͨΊͷ࢓༷ •1ͭͷϦΫΤετ͕׬ྃ͢Δ·Ͱݪଇɺ࣍ͷϦΫΤετΛૹΕͳ͍໰୊ ‣ ΫϥΠΞϯτ ‣ αʔόʔ

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)551썺썽쎁쎂 •ετϦʔϜ ‣ ΫϥΠΞϯτ ‣ αʔόʔ ‣ ΫϥΠΞϯτ ‣ αʔόʔ HTTP/1.1 HTTP/2

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)551썺썽쎁쎂 •ετϦʔϜ ‣ ΫϥΠΞϯτ ‣ αʔόʔ ‣ ΫϥΠΞϯτ ‣ αʔόʔ HTTP/1.1 HTTP/2

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)551썺썽쎁쎂 •ετϦʔϜ ‣ ΫϥΠΞϯτ ‣ αʔόʔ ‣ ΫϥΠΞϯτ ‣ αʔόʔ ‣ 1ͭͷTCPͷίωΫγϣϯͷதͰॱ൪଴ͪΛ͢Δ͜ͱͳ͘ɺฒྻʹॲཧ HTTP/1.1 HTTP/2 ฒྻʹॲཧ

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)551썺썽쎁쎂 •ετϦʔϜ ‣ ΫϥΠΞϯτ ‣ αʔόʔ ‣ ΫϥΠΞϯτ ‣ αʔόʔ HTTP/1.1 HTTP/2 ฒྻʹॲཧ ‣ 1ͭͷTCPͷίωΫγϣϯͷதͰॱ൪଴ͪΛ͢Δ͜ͱͳ͘ɺฒྻʹॲཧ

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)551쎂ରԠ썮썶"4(*8FC4FSWFS •ASGI Web ServerͷҰཡ Daphne Mangum IUUQTHJUIVCDPNqPSJNPOENBODBBXFTPNFBTHJ

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)551쎂ରԠ썮썶"4(*8FC4FSWFS •ASGI WebServer ͱ͍͑͹ Uvicorn •·ͩHTTP/2ະରԠ ʢରԠ༧ఆ͋Γʣ Uvicorn currently supports HTTP/1.1 and WebSockets. Support for HTTP/2 is planned. Uvicorn͸ݱࡏɺHTTP/1.1ͱWebSocketsΛαϙʔτ͍ͯ͠·͢ɻ HTTP/2ͷαϙʔτ͕༧ఆ͞Ε͍ͯ·͢ɻ

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)551쎂ରԠ썮썶"4(*8FC4FSWFS •ASGI࢓༷ͷରԠঢ়گ Framework HTTP WebSockets Server Push WebSocket HTTP Hypercorn 1 ○ 2 ○ 1 ○ 2 ○ ○ ○ Uvicorn 1 ○ 2 × 1 ○ 2 × × × Daphne 1 ○ 2 ○ 1 ○ 2 × × × Mangum 1 ○ 2 × 1 ○ 2 × × ×

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)551쎂ରԠ썮썶"4(*8FC4FSWFS •ϋΠύʔίʔϯͱಡΈ·͢ •WSGI Web αʔόͷGunicornʹΠϯεύΠΞ͞Ε͍ͯΔ •HTTP / 1ɺHTTP / 2ɺWebSocketʢHTTP / 1͓ΑͼHTTP / 2ܦ༝ʣαϙʔτ •worker ͷλΠϓʹ asyncio,uvloop,trio ΛࢦఆՄೳ •worker ਺ΛࢦఆՄೳ

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ຊ쏅쏍쏁쏱쏽썾쎅)551쎅࢖썛ಓ •HTTP/2αʔόͱΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͷϦΫΤετɾϨεϙϯεʹண໨ •੩తϑΝΠϧͷ഑৴͸ผͰɻΦϒδΣΫτετϨʔδ΍CDNͰ

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ຊ쏅쏍쏁쏱쏽썾쎅)551쎅࢖썛ಓ ೥୅ͷίϯςφ࣌୅ͷ1ZUIPOΞʔΩςΫνϟσϓϩΠ TIJCVLBXB <1Z$PO+1> IUUQTXXXZPVUVCFDPNXBUDI W0Y3O%-6OP*TUBSU •HTTP/2αʔόͱΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͷϦΫΤετɾϨεϙϯεʹண໨ •੩తϑΝΠϧͷ഑৴͸ผͰɻΦϒδΣΫτετϨʔδ΍CDNͰ

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)ZQFSDPSOΛྫʹ ετϦʔϜʢଟॏԽʣΛ

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)ZQFSDPSO썾쏃쏒쏴썗쏪 •؆୯ͳWebΞϓϦέʔγϣϯΛHypercornͰಈ͔͢ •ϒϥ΢β͔ΒJavascriptͰΞΫηε •WebΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͷίʔυ͸ಉ͡ •HTTP/1.1ͱHTTP/2ͷҧ͍ΛɺΈͯΈ·͠ΐ͏

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؀ڥ •Hypercorn •fastapi 0.61.1 0.11.0 Webαʔό Web Framework ⁶ ⁶ ʢASGIʣ ʢHTTP/2ʣ ʢHTTP/1.1ʣ )ZQFSDPSO썾쏃쏒쏴썗쏪

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؀ڥ •Hypercorn •fastapi 0.61.1 0.11.0 Webαʔό Web Framework ⁶ ⁶ ʢASGIʣ ʢHTTP/2ʣ ʢHTTP/1.1ʣ )ZQFSDPSO썾쏃쏒쏴썗쏪

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쎿썗쏚쎿쎮쏓쎅ॲཧ @app.get("/message/{id}") async def get_message(id:str): await asyncio.sleep(3) return {"text": f"spam, egg, spam and spam!, {id}!"}

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쎹쏳쎮쎬쏽쏒쎅ॲཧ requestButton.onclick = async function() { result = []; for (let i = 0; i < 24; i++) { result.push(fetch(`/message/${i}/`)); } await Promise.all(result); }

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)551쎅৔߹

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)551쎅৔߹

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)551쎅৔߹

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)551쎅৔߹ TFDˎຊ

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)551쎅৔߹ TFDˎຊ TFDˎຊ

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)551쎅৔߹ TFDˎຊ TFDˎຊ TFDˎຊ

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)551쎅৔߹ TFDˎຊ TFDˎຊ TFDˎຊ TFDˎຊ

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)551쎅৔߹ TFDˎຊ TFDˎຊ TFDˎຊ TFDˎຊ τʔλϧTFD

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)551쎅৔߹

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)551쎅৔߹

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)551쎅৔߹ TFDˎຊ

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)551쎅৔߹ TFDˎຊ τʔλϧTFD

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)551ͱ)551̍ ੑೳΛൺֱ

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)551)551쏛쏟쎳썗쏨쏽쏃ൺֱ •࣮ߦ؀ڥ͸ϩʔΧϧϚγϯ •ࢦඪ͸ɺॲཧͷऴྃ·Ͱʹ͔͔ͬͨ࣌ؒʗ1ඵ͋ͨΓʹࡹ͚ΔϦΫΤετ਺ •ੑೳଌఆπʔϧͱͯ͠ɺh2load ίϚϯυΛ࢖༻͢Δ •؆୯ͳWebΞϓϦέʔγϣϯΛHypercornͰಈ͔͢

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)551)551쏛쏟쎳썗쏨쏽쏃ൺֱ αʔό HTTP/1.1 HTTP/2 •Hypercorn •fastapi 0.61.1 0.11.0 Webαʔό Web Framework ⁶ ⁶ ʢASGIʣ ʢHTTP/2ʣ ʢHTTP/1.1ʣ

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)551)551쏛쏟쎳썗쏨쏽쏃ൺֱ αʔό HTTP/1.1 HTTP/2 •Hypercorn •fastapi 0.61.1 0.11.0 Webαʔό Web Framework ⁶ ⁶ ʢASGIʣ ʢHTTP/2ʣ ʢHTTP/1.1ʣ

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ϋʔυ΢ΣΞ؀ڥ •Macbook Pro •2.6 GHz 6ίΞ Intel Core i7 •ϝϞϦ 16GB )551)551쏛쏟쎳썗쏨쏽쏃ൺֱ

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)551)551쏛쏟쎳썗쏨쏽쏃ൺֱ •h2load ίϚϯυ Φϓγϣϯ ҙຯ -n ૯ϦΫΤετ਺ -c ΫϥΠΞϯτ਺ɻಉ࣌ΞΫηε਺ -p ϓϩτίϧʢࣗಈ൑ผʣ •h2load -c 100 -n 10000 https://127.0.0.1:8000/query

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)551)551쏛쏟쎳썗쏨쏽쏃ൺֱ ҎԼ3ͭ৚݅ •ΫϥΠΞϯτಉ࣌઀ଓ 10, ϦΫΤετ਺ 100 •ΫϥΠΞϯτಉ࣌઀ଓ 50, ϦΫΤετ਺ 5000 •ΫϥΠΞϯτಉ࣌઀ଓ 100, ϦΫΤετ਺ 10000

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)551)551쏛쏟쎳썗쏨쏽쏃ൺֱ ҎԼ3ͭ৚݅ •ΫϥΠΞϯτಉ࣌઀ଓ 10, ϦΫΤετ਺ 100 •ΫϥΠΞϯτಉ࣌઀ଓ 50, ϦΫΤετ਺ 5000 •ΫϥΠΞϯτಉ࣌઀ଓ 100, ϦΫΤετ਺ 10000 ࢦඪ •ॲཧͷऴྃ·Ͱʹ͔͔ͬͨ࣌ؒ •1ඵ͋ͨΓͷॲཧͨ͠ϦΫΤετ਺

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)551)551쏛쏟쎳썗쏨쏽쏃ൺֱ ҎԼ3ͭ৚݅ •ΫϥΠΞϯτಉ࣌઀ଓ 10, ϦΫΤετ਺ 100 •ΫϥΠΞϯτಉ࣌઀ଓ 50, ϦΫΤετ਺ 5000 •ΫϥΠΞϯτಉ࣌઀ଓ 100, ϦΫΤετ਺ 10000 ࢦඪ •ॲཧͷऴྃ·Ͱʹ͔͔ͬͨ࣌ؒ •1ඵ͋ͨΓͷॲཧͨ͠ϦΫΤετ਺ → ૣ͍ͱྑ͍ → ଟ͍ͱྑ͍

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)551)551쏛쏟쎳썗쏨쏽쏃ൺֱ •ΫϥΠΞϯτಉ࣌઀ଓ 10, ϦΫΤετ਺ 100

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)551)551쏛쏟쎳썗쏨쏽쏃ൺֱ ऴྃ࣌ؒ [s] •ΫϥΠΞϯτಉ࣌઀ଓ 10, ϦΫΤετ਺ 100

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)551)551쏛쏟쎳썗쏨쏽쏃ൺֱ ऴྃ࣌ؒ [s] •ΫϥΠΞϯτಉ࣌઀ଓ 10, ϦΫΤετ਺ 100 ϦΫΤετ [s]

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)551)551쏛쏟쎳썗쏨쏽쏃ൺֱ ऴྃ࣌ؒ [s] •ΫϥΠΞϯτಉ࣌઀ଓ 10, ϦΫΤετ਺ 100 ϦΫΤετ [s] HTTP/1.1 HTTP/2 HTTP/1.1 HTTP/2

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)551)551쏛쏟쎳썗쏨쏽쏃ൺֱ ऴྃ࣌ؒ [s] •ΫϥΠΞϯτಉ࣌઀ଓ 10, ϦΫΤετ਺ 100 ϦΫΤετ [s] HTTP/1.1 HTTP/2 HTTP/1.1 HTTP/2

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)551)551쏛쏟쎳썗쏨쏽쏃ൺֱ •ΫϥΠΞϯτಉ࣌઀ଓ 50, ϦΫΤετ਺ 5000 ऴྃ࣌ؒ [s] ϦΫΤετ [s] HTTP/1.1 HTTP/2 HTTP/1.1 HTTP/2

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)551)551쏛쏟쎳썗쏨쏽쏃ൺֱ •ΫϥΠΞϯτಉ࣌઀ଓ 100, ϦΫΤετ਺ 10000 ऴྃ࣌ؒ [s] ϦΫΤετ [s] HTTP/1.1 HTTP/2 HTTP/1.1 HTTP/2

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)551썺썽쎁쎂 •HTTP/̍.1͔Β16೥ͷࡀ݄Λܦͯɺ2015೥ʹRFC •αʔόαΠυϓογϡ •ϔομʔͷѹॖ •ετϦʔϜʢϦΫΤετͷଟॏԽʣ •଎౓վળΛ໨తʹͨ͠࢓༷

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)551썺썽쎁쎂 •HTTP/̍.1͔Β16೥ͷࡀ݄Λܦͯɺ2015೥ʹRFC •αʔόαΠυϓογϡ •ϔομʔͷѹॖ •ετϦʔϜʢϦΫΤετͷଟॏԽʣ •଎౓վળΛ໨తʹͨ͠࢓༷

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)551)551쏛쏟쎳썗쏨쏽쏃ൺֱ •h2load — help Max concurrent streams to issue per session. When http/1.1 is used, this speciﬁes the number of HTTP pipelining requests in-ﬂight. ηογϣϯ͝ͱʹൃߦ͢Δ࠷େಉ࣌ετϦʔϜ਺ɻ http/1.1 Λ࢖༻͢Δ৔߹ɺ HTTP ύΠϓϥΠϯϦΫΤετ ͷ਺Λࢦఆ͠·͢ɻ -m, --max-concurrent-streams=

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)551)551쏛쏟쎳썗쏨쏽쏃ൺֱ •ΫϥΠΞϯτಉ࣌઀ଓ 10, ϦΫΤετ਺ 100, ετϦʔϜ 5

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)551)551쏛쏟쎳썗쏨쏽쏃ൺֱ ऴྃ࣌ؒ [s] •ΫϥΠΞϯτಉ࣌઀ଓ 10, ϦΫΤετ਺ 100, ετϦʔϜ 5

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)551)551쏛쏟쎳썗쏨쏽쏃ൺֱ ऴྃ࣌ؒ [s] •ΫϥΠΞϯτಉ࣌઀ଓ 10, ϦΫΤετ਺ 100, ετϦʔϜ 5 ϦΫΤετ [s]

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)551)551쏛쏟쎳썗쏨쏽쏃ൺֱ ऴྃ࣌ؒ [s] •ΫϥΠΞϯτಉ࣌઀ଓ 10, ϦΫΤετ਺ 100, ετϦʔϜ 5 ϦΫΤετ [s] HTTP/1.1 HTTP/2 HTTP/1.1 HTTP/2

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)551)551쏛쏟쎳썗쏨쏽쏃ൺֱ •ΫϥΠΞϯτಉ࣌઀ଓ 50, ϦΫΤετ਺ 5000, ετϦʔϜ 5 ऴྃ࣌ؒ [s] ϦΫΤετ [s] HTTP/1.1 HTTP/2 HTTP/1.1 HTTP/2

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)551)551쏛쏟쎳썗쏨쏽쏃ൺֱ •ΫϥΠΞϯτಉ࣌઀ଓ 100, ϦΫΤετ਺ 10000, ετϦʔϜ 5 ऴྃ࣌ؒ [s] ϦΫΤετ [s] HTTP/1.1 HTTP/2 HTTP/1.1 HTTP/2

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)551)551쏛쏟쎳썗쏨쏽쏃ൺֱ ετϦʔϜͳ͠ ετϦʔϜ͋Γ •ΫϥΠΞϯτಉ࣌઀ଓ 100, ϦΫΤετ਺ 10000, ετϦʔϜ 5 ετϦʔϜͳ͠ ετϦʔϜ͋Γ ऴྃ࣌ؒ [s] ϦΫΤετ [s] HTTP/1.1 HTTP/2 HTTP/1.1 HTTP/2

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쎕썿쎘 •ϦΫΤετͷଟॏԽ͕͞Ε͍ͯΔͱ͜ΖͰ͋Ε͹HTTP/2͸ɺ͸΍͍

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쎕썿쎘 •WebαΠτ΁ͷ1ճͷΞΫηεͰɺෳ਺ճαʔό΁ϦΫΤετΛ৔߹ •ϦΫΤετͷଟॏԽ͕͞Ε͍ͯΔͱ͜ΖͰ͋Ε͹HTTP/2͸ɺ͸΍͍

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쎕썿쎘 → γεςϜ؂ࢹμογϡϘʔυ •WebαΠτ΁ͷ1ճͷΞΫηεͰɺෳ਺ճαʔό΁ϦΫΤετΛ৔߹ → ϦΞϧλΠϜσʔλ → νϟοτΞϓϦ •ϦΫΤετͷଟॏԽ͕͞Ε͍ͯΔͱ͜ΖͰ͋Ε͹HTTP/2͸ɺ͸΍͍

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쎕썿쎘 → γεςϜ؂ࢹμογϡϘʔυ •WebαΠτ΁ͷ1ճͷΞΫηεͰɺෳ਺ճαʔό΁ϦΫΤετΛ৔߹ → ϦΞϧλΠϜσʔλ → νϟοτΞϓϦ •طଘͷαΠτͰܧ͗଍͠ܧ͗଍͠ʹͳͬͯ͠·͍ͬͯΔ৔߹ʢ΍Ήͳ͘ʣ •ϦΫΤετͷଟॏԽ͕͞Ε͍ͯΔͱ͜ΖͰ͋Ε͹HTTP/2͸ɺ͸΍͍

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쎕썿쎘 •HTTP/2Կ͕͓͍͍͠ͷʁ

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쎕썿쎘 •HTTP/2Կ͕͓͍͍͠ͷʁ → ଎౓͕վળͷՄೳੑ

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쎕썿쎘 •HTTP/2Կ͕͓͍͍͠ͷʁ •ࣗ͝਎ͷPython Web Application Λ͝ཡʹͳͬͯΈ͍ͯͩ͘͞ɻ •ϒϥ΢βͷσόοΨΛ։͍ͯϦϩʔυ → ଎౓͕վળͷՄೳੑ

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쎕썿쎘 •HTTP/2Կ͕͓͍͍͠ͷʁ •ࣗ͝਎ͷPython Web Application Λ͝ཡʹͳͬͯΈ͍ͯͩ͘͞ɻ •ϒϥ΢βͷσόοΨΛ։͍ͯϦϩʔυ •Protocol=HTTP/1.1ʹͳ͍ͬͯΔʢLBͷ಺ଆ͕HTTP/1.1ͷՄೳੑ΋ʣ → ଎౓͕վળͷՄೳੑ

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쎕썿쎘 •HTTP/2Կ͕͓͍͍͠ͷʁ •Typeʹ fetch ΍ xhr ͕ଟ͍ •ࣗ͝਎ͷPython Web Application Λ͝ཡʹͳͬͯΈ͍ͯͩ͘͞ɻ •ϒϥ΢βͷσόοΨΛ։͍ͯϦϩʔυ •Protocol=HTTP/1.1ʹͳ͍ͬͯΔʢLBͷ಺ଆ͕HTTP/1.1ͷՄೳੑ΋ʣ → ଎౓͕վળͷՄೳੑ

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쎕썿쎘 •HTTP/2Կ͕͓͍͍͠ͷʁ •Typeʹ fetch ΍ xhr ͕ଟ͍ •ࣗ͝਎ͷPython Web Application Λ͝ཡʹͳͬͯΈ͍ͯͩ͘͞ɻ •ϒϥ΢βͷσόοΨΛ։͍ͯϦϩʔυ •Protocol=HTTP/1.1ʹͳ͍ͬͯΔʢLBͷ಺ଆ͕HTTP/1.1ͷՄೳੑ΋ʣ

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쎕썿쎘 •HTTP/2Կ͕͓͍͍͠ͷʁ •HTTP/2ͷWebserver Hypercorn ʹ͢Δ͜ͱͰ଎౓վળ͕ΈΒΕΔ •Typeʹ fetch ΍ xhr ͕ଟ͍ •ࣗ͝਎ͷPython Web Application Λ͝ཡʹͳͬͯΈ͍ͯͩ͘͞ɻ •ϒϥ΢βͷσόοΨΛ։͍ͯϦϩʔυ •Protocol=HTTP/1.1ʹͳ͍ͬͯΔʢLBͷ಺ଆ͕HTTP/1.1ͷՄೳੑ΋ʣ → ଎౓͕վળͷՄೳੑ

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쎕썿쎘 •HTTP/2Կ͕͓͍͍͠ͷʁ •Typeʹ fetch ΍ xhr ͕ଟ͍ •ࣗ͝਎ͷPython Web Application Λ͝ཡʹͳͬͯΈ͍ͯͩ͘͞ɻ •ϒϥ΢βͷσόοΨΛ։͍ͯϦϩʔυ •Protocol=HTTP/1.1ʹͳ͍ͬͯΔʢLBͷ಺ଆ͕HTTP/1.1ͷՄೳੑ΋ʣ ͔΋͠Ε·ͤΜ •HTTP/2ͷWebserver Hypercorn ʹ͢Δ͜ͱͰ଎౓վળ͕ΈΒΕΔ → ଎౓͕վળͷՄೳੑ

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썡쎕써 •AWSͰσϓϩΠ͍ͯ͠Δ৔߹ •ALB ʹ ಺ଆ͸HTTP/2 ະରԠͷͨΊɺHTTP/̍.1 ϒϥ΢β ALB Web Server Web FW )551 )551 84(*"4(*

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썡쎕써 •AWSͰσϓϩΠ͍ͯ͠Δ৔߹ •ALB ʹ ಺ଆ͸HTTP/2 ະରԠͷͨΊɺHTTP/̍.1 •NLB ʹ 2020೥6݄ʹ಺ଆHTTP/2ରԠ͍ͯ͠Δ ϒϥ΢β Ϧόʔε ϓϩΩγ Hyper corn Web FW )551 )551 "4(* IUUQTBXTBNB[PODPNKQBCPVUBXTXIBUTOFXOFUXPSLMPBECBMBODFSOPXTVQQPSUTUMTBMQOQPMJDJFT

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썡쎕써̎ •WSGIΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͷ৔߹ •HypercornʢASGI Webαʔό͸WSGIରԠ͍ͯ͠·͢ʣͰσϓϩΠՄೳ •ࢼͯ͠ΈΔՁ஋͕͋Δ͔΋ʂʁ •Django 2ܥ - wsgi.pyΛϥοϓ͢Δ͚ͩ from hypercorn.middleware import AsyncioWSGIMiddleware import sampleproject.wsgi as wsgi_app asyncio_app = AsyncioWSGIMiddleware(wsgi_app.application) https://github.com/jrfk/django2-hypercorn

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쏑쏡쏷쎮쎅બ୒ࢶ썿썮썽 •GunicornˎWSGIϑϨʔϜϫʔΫ •GunicornˎWSGIϑϨʔϜϫʔΫˎmeinheld •seroryˎGunicornˎWSGIϑϨʔϜϫʔΫ •UvicornˎASGIϑϨʔϜϫʔΫ

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쏑쏡쏷쎮쎅બ୒ࢶ썿썮썽 •GunicornˎWSGIϑϨʔϜϫʔΫ •GunicornˎWSGIϑϨʔϜϫʔΫˎmeinheld •seroryˎGunicornˎWSGIϑϨʔϜϫʔΫ •UvicornˎASGIϑϨʔϜϫʔΫ •HypercornˎASGIϑϨʔϜϫʔΫ/WSGIϑϨʔϜϫʔΫ

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ࢀߟࢿྉ •How to serve HTTP/2 using Python IUUQTNFEJVNDPNQZUIPOQBOEFNPOJVNIPXUPTFSWFIUUQVTJOHQZUIPOFCCEF⒎ •HTTP/1 should die IUUQTNFEJVNDPN!QHKPOFTIUUQTIPVMEEJFCEF •Hypercorn IUUQTQHKPOFTHJUMBCJPIZQFSDPSOJOEFYIUNM •jrfk / fastapi-hypercorn_Performance-measurement IUUQTHJUIVCDPNKSGLGBTUBQJIZQFSDPSO@1FSGPSNBODFNFBTVSFNFOU