Profiling in PHP - Speaker Deck

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Profiling in PHP Artūras Šmorgun, VilniusPHP 0x1C

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Profiling: a way to measure where a program spends time.

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Because performance matters • +1 second = -16% satisfaction rate • 50% visitors will share bad experience • 64% mobile users expect <4s load time • +100ms = -1% of sales (for Amazon) • +500ms = -25% of searches (Google) 

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Latency • Network • Web server • Filesystem • Application • Database • Rendering

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Latency • Network • Web server • Filesystem • Application • Database • Rendering PHP

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Framework Speciﬁc

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New Relic (web monitoring with advanced features)

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Features • Application monitoring • Integration with languages - PHP, Python, etc. • Integration with frameworks - Symfony, etc. • Plugins - varnish, etc. • Fast • Has free tear (24h retention)

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Install 1. Create a free account at http://newrelic.com 2. Add new relic repository    wget -O - https://download.newrelic.com/548C16BF.gpg | sudo apt-key add -  echo "deb http://apt.newrelic.com/debian/ newrelic non- free” | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/newrelic.list  sudo apt-get update 3. Install package:  sudo apt-get install newrelic-php5 

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Configure In newrelic.ini file: newrelic.enabled = true  newrelic.licence = “secret-licence”  newrelic.appname = “The next big thing”

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Enable • Cannot be enabled/disabled per request • Is fast - designed for production monitoring         

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Dashboard

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Transactions

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Trace

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XHProf

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Features • Free! • Runs on your machine • Fast enough (claimed to be OK for production) • Detailed execution info • Historical graphs • Comparison of the runs

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Install 1. Install PEAR  wget http://pear.php.net/go-pear.phar  php go-pear.phar 2. Install Xhprof package  sudo pecl install -f xhprof

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Configure 1/4 • Edit /etc/php5/conf.d/xhprof.ini  [xhprof]  extension=xhprof.so  xhprof.output_dir=“/var/tmp/xhprof”             

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Configure 2/4 • Auto prepend/append xhprof files on host in php  # /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/php-profiling.dev.conf    # … … …  php_value auto_prepend_file  “/usr/share/xhprof_external/header.php”  php_value auto_append_file   “/usr/share/xhprof_external/footer.php”   

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Configure 3/4 • /usr/share/php/xhprof_external/header.php    xhprof_enable(); • /usr/share/php/xhprof_external/footer.php    $xhprof_data = xhprof_disable();  $XHPROF_LIB = realpath(dirname(__FILE__) .’/../xhprof_lib’);  include_once $XHPROF_ROOT . "/xhprof_lib/utils/ xhprof_lib.php";  include_once $XHPROF_ROOT . "/xhprof_lib/utils/ xhprof_runs.php";$xhprof_runs = new XHProfRuns_Default();  $run_id = $xhprof_runs->save_run($xhprof_data, "xhprof_foo");

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Configure 4/4 • Create a host for viewer on your server  OR  php -S 0:8080 -t xhprof_html/ 

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Enable • Always enabled (with this example) • Configurable in header.php (when used):    if (rand(1, 100) <> 42) {  return;  }     

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Dashboard

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Trace

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Function View

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Call Graph

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XHGui more sophisticated alternative web gui for XHProf

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Xdebug (not only a debugger)

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Features • Well known PHP Debugger • Free! • Generates widely used cachegrind files • Broad choice of viewers • On demand • Only for dev (+15~30% execution time)

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Install 1. Install PEAR  wget http://pear.php.net/go-pear.phar  php go-pear.phar • Install extension  sudo pecl install xdebug     

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Configure • Edit /etc/php5/conf.d/xdebug.ini    [xdebug]  zend_extension=xdebug.so    [xdebug-profiling]  xdebug.profiler_enable_trigger = 1  xdebug.profiler_enable = 0  xdebug.profiler_output_dir = /tmp/cachegrind 

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Enable • Install“Xdebug helper”browser extension • Enable Profiling in browser               

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QCacheGrind also KCacheGrind, WinCacheGrind, WebCacheGrind, etc

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Install • QCacheGrind via homebrew on a Mac:    brew install qcachegrind • WinCacheGrind via sourceforge on Windows:    http://sourceforge.net/projects/wincachegrind/ • Compile it from sources of KCacheGrind:    http://kcachegrind.sourceforge.net/   

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Dashboard

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Function View

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Call Graph

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blackfire.io low overhead profiler

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Features • “Profiling in the cloud” • Free if you are using 20 slots • Very quick to setup • Can handle cachegrind and xhprof output files • On demand • fast

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Install 1. Create a free account at http://blackfire.io 2. Add blackfire repository    curl -s https://packagecloud.io/gpg.key | sudo apt-key add -  echo "deb http://packages.blackfire.io/debian any main” | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/blackfire.list  sudo apt-get update 3. Install package:  sudo apt-get install blackfire-agent 

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Configure • Configure credentials:  sudo blackfire-agent -register               

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Enable • Install “Blackfire”browser extension • Enable profiling in browser                 

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Slot View

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Function View

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Metrics

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Comparison

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Final thoughts

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Focusing on the  right problem.

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No micro optimisations • echo “something” vs echo ‘something’ • file_exists($file) vs is_file($file) • isset($array[$key]) vs   array_key_exists($key, $array)       

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–Someone at BuildStuff 2014 (approximate) “Find the biggest bottleneck. Everything else is not your biggest bottleneck.”

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Monitoring first, profiling later.

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–Donald Knuth “Premature optimisation is the root of all evil.”

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Monitoring is not absolutely right. Sometimes not accurate. Sometimes reports false positives.

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Exploit fast wins • Caching • CDN (akamai, cloudinary, etc) • Opcode • Latest software (PHP 5.6 anyone?) • Reverse proxies (cloudflare, varnish) • Moooooore server power! • Do less?

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Thank you! Follow me:  @asarturas  Contact me:  [email protected]   

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Questions? blackﬁre.io XHProf New Relic Xdebug Free ✓/✗ ✓ ✗/✓ ✓ Quick ✓ ✓ ✓ ✗ Online ✓ ✓ ✓ ✗/✓ On demand ✓ ✓ ✗ ✓ With Viewer ✓ ✓/✗ ✓ ✗/✓ Fast setup ✓ ✗ ✓ ✗ Comparison ✓ ✓ ✓ ✗ History graph ✗ ✓ ✓/✗ ✗ Call stack ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Call graph ✓ ✓ ✗ ✓ 8.6 8.6 7.0 4.6