Swift 中級編 - Speaker Deck

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Swift தڃฤ Nishiyama Yusei (@yuseinishiyama) Swift LT at Yahoo! JAPAN 2014/6/25

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ࣗݾ঺հ • iOSΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ։ൃऀ • Unity΋গʑ • ࠷ۙ͸OpenCVɺػցֶशͷษڧΛ͍ͯ͠Δ͕਺ֶ͕ΞϨͳͷͰΞϨ • WWDC2014ؔ࿈͸ɺMetalΛ͸͡Ίͱͨ͠GPUपΓΛ௥͍͖͍ͬͯͨ name:Nishiyama Yusei twitter:@yuseinishiyamaɹ github:yuseinishiyama blog:http://yuseinishiyama.com

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Ϡό͍ Swift৘ใग़ਚͯ͘͠Δײ͕͋Δ ˞·ͱΊ͍͖ͯͨͩ͋Γ͕ͱ͏͍͟͝·͢ɻ  େมॏๅ͓ͯ͠Γ·͢ɻ

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ͱΓ͋͑ͣυΩϡϝϯτ  શ෦ಡΜͰχονͳ৘ใ୳ͦ͏… l4XJGU1SPHSBNNJOH-BOHVBHFz l6TJOH4XJGU8JUI$PDPBBOE0CKFDUJWF$z

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ಡΜͰؾ͍ͮͨ

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ࢲ͸Objective-C͕େ޷͖Ͱ͢

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Objective-CΛ  Ѫ͢ΔਓͷͨΊͷSwift ୈҰ෦

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᷿ͷ੠ • Objective-C͸௵͕͠ޮ͔ͳ͍ɻ • Objective-CͷγϯλοΫε͸ฅɻ • SwiftͰObjective-C͔Βղ์͞Εͨɻ • []←͜Ε͕ੜཧతʹແཧɻ • ((()(())))←͜Ε͸େ޷͖͚ͩͲͶʂ

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Ұํɺࢲ͸…

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ফ͑ͳ͍Objective-C΁ͷѪ ⾢PCKD@NTH4FOEͷ༐࢟ͱ  $16ͷ׻ت ࠨਤ ϝοηʔδૹ৴ ಈతଋറ /&9545&1 ๛෋ͳ࣮ߦ࣌৘ใ *.1

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Swiftʹ  Objective-Cͷ໘ӨΛ୳͢ຖ೔…

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௒ઈ͍ͱ͓͍͠idܕ typedef struct objc_object { class isa; } *id; ! // ͔Θ͍͍...

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ʮUsing Swift with Cocoa and Objective-Cʯ ΑΓ “Swift imports id as AnyObject.”

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͍ͨʂʂ

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࢖ͬͯΈΔ // ద౰ͳؔ਺Λએݴͯ͠... func someFunc() { return } ! // idܕ૬౰ͷΦϒδΣΫτΛએݴͯ͠... var anyObj : AnyObject ! // ίϯύΠϧ͸௨Δ͸ͣ... anyObj.someFunc()

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'AnyObject' does not have a member named 'someFunc()'    ίϯύΠϧͰ͖ͳ͍…

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͜Μͳͷidܕ͡Όͳ͍ʂʂ

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υΩϡϝϯτͷαϯϓϧίʔυ var myObject: AnyObject myObject = NSDate() myObject.characterAtIndex(5) // crash, myObject does't respond to that method” ! // υΩϡϝϯτͰ͸࣮ߦ࣌ΤϥʔʹͳΔͱॻ͍ͯ͋Δɻ

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΋͏গ͠ௐ΂ͯΈΔ • You can also call any Objective-C method and access any property without casting to a more speciﬁc class type. This includes Objective-C compatible methods marked with the @objc attribute. • @objcଐੑ͕͍ͭͨɺObjective-Cޓ׵ͷϝ ιουͰͳ͍ͱ͍͚ͳ͍Β͍͠ɻ

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͞Βʹ… • When you deﬁne a Swift class that inherits from NSObject or any other Objective-C class, the class is automatically compatible with Objective-C. • Ͳ͏΍ΒObjective-CͷΫϥεΛܧঝͨ͠SwiftͷΫ ϥε͸ࣗಈతʹObjective-Cޓ׵ʹͳΔΒ͍͠ɻ • ͖ͬ͞ͷྫͰݺͼग़͍ͯͨ͠characterAtIndex͸ Objective-Cͷϝιου͔ͩΒಈతʹݺͼग़ͤͨɻ

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ؾΛऔΓ௚ͯ͠ // Objective-Cޓ׵ͷΫϥεɻ @objc class SomeClass { func someFunc() { return } } ! // AnyObjectʹIntܕͷ஋Λ୅ೖɻ var anyObj : AnyObject = 1 ! // ࣮૷͞Ε͍ͯͳ͍ϝιουͷݺͼग़͠... anyObj.someFunc()

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-[__NSCFNumber someFunc]: unrecognized selector sent to instance 0x137

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unrecognized selector

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͜ͷ੠͸…

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idܕͩʂʂʂʂ

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Selector΋୳͢ let mySEL: Selector = “someFunc" ! // ஫ҙ: Playground্ͩͱΫϥογϡ͢Δɻ ! // ※ίϚϯυϥΠϯ͔ΒͷREPLͩͱେৎ෉ɻ

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ิ଍:  จࣈྻޓ׵ʹ͢Δϓϩτίϧ // Selector͸ҎԼͷϓϩτίϧʹదԠ͍ͯ͠ΔͷͰɺ // จࣈྻ͔ΒॳظԽͰ͖Δɻ protocol StringLiteralConvertible : ExtendedGraphemeClusterLiteralConvertible { typealias StringLiteralType class func convertFromStringLiteral(value: StringLiteralType) -> Self } ! protocol ExtendedGraphemeClusterLiteralConvertible { typealias ExtendedGraphemeClusterLiteralType class func convertFromExtendedGraphemeClusterLiteral(value: ExtendedGraphemeClusterLiteralType) -> Self }

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Target-Actionύλʔϯ͸݈ࡏ class UIResponder : NSObject { . . . func canPerformAction(action: Selector, withSender sender: AnyObject!) -> Bool // Allows an action to be forwarded to another target. By default checks - canPerformAction:withSender: to either return self, or go up the responder chain. func targetForAction(action: Selector, withSender sender: AnyObject!) -> AnyObject! . . . }

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݁࿦ • SwiftͰ΋ಈతͳίʔυ͕͔͚Δɻ • ͱ͸͍͏΋ͷͷɺ݁ہͷͱ͜ΖObjective-CΛ ͔·͍ͯ͠Δ͚ͩɻ • Objective-Cͱͷ࿈ܞΛߟ͑ͳ͍ݶΓɺ  ੵۃతʹ࢖༻͢Δ΂͖͸ͳͦ͞͏ɻ

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ͦ΋ͦ΋ɺϝιουͷಈతݺͼग़͠ΛࣙΊ͔ͨΒ  ߴ଎Խͨ͠ʹҧ͍ͳ͍…  (੩తʹ͢Ε͹LLVMʹΑΔ࠷దԽͷϝϦοτ΋ड͚Εͦ͏)

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ωλ੾Ε  Swiftখωλू ୈೋ෦

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Special Literals • __FILE__  ݱࡏͷϑΝΠϧ໊ • __LINE__  ݱࡏͷߦ਺ • __COLUMN__  ݱࡏͷྻ਺ • __FUNCTION__  ࣮ߦதͷؔ਺໊

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REPLͰ΍Δͱ __FILE__ // => “" ! __FUNCTION__// => "$__lldb_expr"

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ΧϦʔԽͱ෦෼ద༻

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http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ΧϦʔԽ “ΧϦʔԽ (currying) ͱ͸ɺܭࢉػՊֶ෼ ໺ͷٕ๏ͷҰͭɻෳ਺ͷҾ਺ΛͱΔؔ਺ ΛɺҾ਺͕ʮ΋ͱͷؔ਺ͷ࠷ॳͷҾ਺ʯ Ͱ໭Γ஋͕ʮ΋ͱͷؔ਺ͷ࢒ΓͷҾ਺Λ औΓ݁ՌΛฦؔ͢਺ʯͰ͋ΔΑ͏ͳؔ਺ ʹ͢Δ͜ͱɻ”

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HaskellɺMLͷΑ͏ʹσϑΥϧτ ͰΧϦʔԽ͞ΕΔΘ͚Ͱ͸ͳ͍ func addTwoNumbers(a: Int, b: Int) -> Int { return a + b } ! var partial = addTwoNumbers(4) ! // ίϯύΠϧΤϥʔ

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͜͏ॻ͚͹෦෼ద༻Ͱ͖Δʂ func addTwoNumbers(a: Int)(b: Int) -> Int { return a + b } ! var partial = addTwoNumbers(4) // => (b: Int) -> Int ! var reuslt = partial(b: 5) // => 9

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Preprocessor Directive • in Swift you use a global constant instead.    ϓϦϓϩηοαͰ͸ͳ͘ɺάϩʔόϧఆ਺Λ࢖͏ɻ • Complex macros are used in C and Objective-C but have no counterpart in Swift.    ؔ਺ܗࣜͷϚΫϩʹ͋ͨΔΑ͏ͳ΋ͷ͸ଘࡏ͠ͳ ͍ɻ

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ϝιουͷ໋໊ن໿

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ૢ࡞ʴલஔࢺελΠϧ͸  ౿ऻ͞ΕΔ໛༷ class myCounter { func incrementBy(amout: Int, numberOfTimes: Int) { // increment } } ! let counter = myCounter() ! // σϑΥϧτͰ͸ɺୈҰҾ਺ͷ֎෦Ҿ਺໊͸লུ͞ΕΔɻ counter.incrementBy(1, numberOfTimes:1)

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ୈೋҾ਺Ҏ߱΋  Ҿ਺໊Λলུ͍ͨ͠৔߹ class myCounter { // ΞϯμʔείΞͰΦʔόʔϥΠυͯ͠͠·͏ɻ func incrementBy(amout: Int, _ numberOfTimes: Int) { // increment } } ! let counter = myCounter() ! counter.incrementBy(1, 1)

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Overﬂowͷѻ͍ • SwiftͷσϑΥϧτͷڍಈͰ͸Φʔόʔϑϩʔ ͨ͠৔߹Τϥʔ͕ൃੜ͢Δɻ • ΦʔόϑϩʔΛڐ༰͢Δ৔߹ɺ  Ξϯύαϯυ(&)͔Β࢝·Δࢉज़ԋࢉࢠΛ࢖༻ ͢Δඞཁ͕͋Δɻ • &+, &-, &*, &/, &% ←͍ͭ͜Β

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ݺͼग़͠ݩʹؼͬͯ͜ͳ͍  ؔ਺ͷએݴ ! @noreturn func tryMe() { exit(EXIT_FAILURE) } ! // ΋ͪΖΜexitࣗମ΋@noreturn @noreturn func exit(_: CInt)