Introduction to Go - Speaker Deck

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INTRO TO GO

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SETH VARGO @sethvargo

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SETH VARGO @sethvargo

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HISTORY

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2007

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2007

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2007 C and Java Ruby and Python NodeJS Scala "MODERN" JavaScript Objective-C/Swift

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2007 2008 C and Java Ruby and Python NodeJS Scala "MODERN" Pick one: - efﬁcient compilation - efﬁcient execution - ease of development PROBLEMS Type safety Modern JavaScript Objective-C/Swift

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2007 2008 C and Java Ruby and Python NodeJS Scala "MODERN" Pick one: - efﬁcient compilation - efﬁcient execution - ease of development PROBLEMS REQUIREMENTS Compile FAST Execute FAST Concurrency Support for dependencies Built-in GC Good enough for Google Type safety Modern JavaScript Objective-C/Swift

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2007 2008 2009 C and Java Ruby and Python NodeJS Scala "MODERN" Pick one: - efﬁcient compilation - efﬁcient execution - ease of development PROBLEMS REQUIREMENTS Compile FAST Execute FAST Concurrency Support for dependencies Go! Built-in GC Good enough for Google Type safety Modern JavaScript Objective-C/Swift

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2007 2008 2009 C and Java Ruby and Python NodeJS Scala "MODERN" Pick one: - efﬁcient compilation - efﬁcient execution - ease of development PROBLEMS REQUIREMENTS Compile FAST Execute FAST Concurrency Support for dependencies 2015 today Built-in GC Good enough for Google Type safety Modern JavaScript Objective-C/Swift

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OVERVIEW

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GO HAS SOLID CORE

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GO HAS A ROBUST COMMUNITY

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GO HAS INCREDIBLE PERFORMANCE

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GO HAS BUILT-IN LINTING AND FORMATTING

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GO HAS EASY CROSS-PLATFORM BINARIES

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GO HAS INTERNAL GC

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GO DOES NOT HAVE A PRETTY WEBSITE

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GO DOES NOT HAVE GENERICS

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GO DOES NOT HAVE SEO

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INSTALL

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$GOPATH

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package main import "fmt" // this is a comment func main() { fmt.Println("Hello World!") } example.go

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package main import "fmt" // this is a comment func main() { fmt.Println("Hello World!") } example.go

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package main import "fmt" // this is a comment func main() { fmt.Println("Hello World!") } example.go

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package main import "fmt" // this is a comment func main() { fmt.Println("Hello World!") } example.go

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package main import "fmt" // this is a comment func main() { fmt.Println("Hello World!") } example.go

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package main import "fmt" // this is a comment func main() { fmt.Println("Hello World!") } example.go

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package main import ( "bufio" "fmt" "os" "strings" ) func main() { reader := bufio.NewReader(os.Stdin) fmt.Print("Your name: ") text, err := reader.ReadString('\n') if err != nil { fmt.Println("error:", err.Error()) return } fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf("Your name is %q!", strings.TrimSpace(text))) } example.go

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package main import ( "bufio" "fmt" "os" "strings" ) func main() { reader := bufio.NewReader(os.Stdin) fmt.Print("Your name: ") text, err := reader.ReadString('\n') if err != nil { fmt.Println("error:", err.Error()) return } fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf("Your name is %q!", strings.TrimSpace(text))) } example.go

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package main import ( "bufio" "fmt" "os" "strings" ) func main() { reader := bufio.NewReader(os.Stdin) fmt.Print("Your name: ") text, err := reader.ReadString('\n') if err != nil { fmt.Println("error:", err.Error()) return } fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf("Your name is %q!", strings.TrimSpace(text))) } example.go

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package main import ( "bufio" "fmt" "os" "strings" ) func main() { reader := bufio.NewReader(os.Stdin) fmt.Print("Your name: ") text, err := reader.ReadString('\n') if err != nil { fmt.Println("error:", err.Error()) return } fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf("Your name is %q!", strings.TrimSpace(text))) } example.go

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package main import ( "bufio" "fmt" "os" "strings" ) func main() { reader := bufio.NewReader(os.Stdin) fmt.Print("Your name: ") text, err := reader.ReadString('\n') if err != nil { fmt.Println("error:", err.Error()) return } fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf("Your name is %q!", strings.TrimSpace(text))) } example.go

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package main import ( "bufio" "fmt" "os" "strings" ) func main() { reader := bufio.NewReader(os.Stdin) fmt.Print("Your name: ") text, err := reader.ReadString('\n') if err != nil { fmt.Println("error:", err.Error()) return } fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf("Your name is %q!", strings.TrimSpace(text))) } example.go

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package main import ( "bufio" "fmt" "os" "strings" ) func main() { reader := bufio.NewReader(os.Stdin) fmt.Print("Your name: ") text, err := reader.ReadString('\n') if err != nil { fmt.Println("error:", err.Error()) return } fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf("Your name is %q!", strings.TrimSpace(text))) } example.go

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package main import ( "bufio" "fmt" "os" "strings" ) func main() { reader := bufio.NewReader(os.Stdin) fmt.Print("Your name: ") text, err := reader.ReadString('\n') if err != nil { fmt.Println("error:", err.Error()) return } fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf("Your name is %q!", strings.TrimSpace(text))) } example.go

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package main func main() { reader := bufio.NewReader(os.Stdin) fmt.Print("Your name: ") text, err := reader.ReadString('\n') if err != nil { fmt.Println("error:", err.Error()) return } fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf("Your name is %q!", strings.TrimSpace(text))) } example.go

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package main func main() { reader := bufio.NewReader(os.Stdin) text, err := reader.ReadString('\n') if err != nil { fmt.Println("error:", err.Error()) return } fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf("Your name is %q!", strings.TrimSpace(text))) } example.go

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package main func main() { reader := bufio.NewReader(os.Stdin) text, err := reader.ReadString('\n') fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf("Your name is %q!", strings.TrimSpace(text))) } example.go

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package main func main() { text, err := reader.ReadString('\n') fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf("Your name is %q!", strings.TrimSpace(text))) } example.go

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package main func main() { text, := "Hi\n" fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf("Your name is %q!", strings.TrimSpace(text))) } example.go

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package main func main() { text, := "Hi\n" fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf("Your name is %q!", strings.TrimSpace("Hi\n"))) } example.go

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package main func main() { text, := "Hi\n" fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf("Your name is %q!", "Hi")) } example.go

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package main func main() { text, := "Hi\n" fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf("Your name is \"Hi\"!")) } example.go

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package main func main() { text, := "Hi\n" fmt.Println("Your name is \"Hi\"!") } example.go

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package main import ( "bufio" "fmt" "os" "strings" ) func main() { reader := bufio.NewReader(os.Stdin) fmt.Print("Your name: ") text, err := reader.ReadString('\n') if err != nil { fmt.Println("error:", err.Error()) return } fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf("Your name is %q!", strings.TrimSpace(text))) } example.go

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package main import ( "bufio" "fmt" "os" "strings" ) func main() { reader := bufio.NewReader(os.Stdin) fmt.Print("Your name: ") text, err := reader.ReadString('\n') if err != nil { fmt.Println("error:", err.Error()) return } fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf("Your name is %q!", strings.TrimSpace(text))) } ? example.go

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package main import ( "bufio" "fmt" "os" "strings" ) func main() { reader := bufio.NewReader(os.Stdin) fmt.Print("Your name: ") text, err := reader.ReadString('\n') if err != nil { fmt.Println("error:", err.Error()) return } fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf("Your name is %q!", strings.TrimSpace(text))) } example.go

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package main import ( "bufio" "fmt" "os" "strings" ) func main() { reader := bufio.NewReader(os.Stdin) fmt.Print("Your name: ") text, err := reader.ReadString('\n') if err != nil { fmt.Println("error:", err.Error()) return } fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf("Your name is %q!", strings.TrimSpace(text))) } example.go

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package main import ( "bufio" "fmt" "os" "strings" "io/ioutil" ) func main() { reader := bufio.NewReader(os.Stdin) fmt.Print("Your name: ") text, err := reader.ReadString('\n') if err != nil { fmt.Println("error:", err.Error()) return } fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf("Your name is %q!", strings.TrimSpace(text))) } example.go

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FIZZBUZZ

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def fizzbuzz(max) 1.upto(max) do |i| if i % 5 == 0 and i % 3 == 0 puts "FizzBuzz" elsif i % 3== 0 puts "Fizz" elsif i % 5 == 0 puts "Buzz" else puts i end end end fizzbuzz.rb

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func fizzbuzz(max int) { for i := 1; i <= max; i++ { if i %3 == 0 && i %5 == 0 { fmt.Println("Fizzbuzz") } else if i%3 == 0 { fmt.Println("Fizz") } else if i%5 == 0 { fmt.Println("Buzz") } else { fmt.Println(i) } } } fizzbuzz.go

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func fizzbuzz(max int) { for i := 1; i <= max; i++ { if i %3 == 0 && i %5 == 0 { fmt.Println("Fizzbuzz") } else if i%3 == 0 { fmt.Println("Fizz") } else if i%5 == 0 { fmt.Println("Buzz") } else { fmt.Println(i) } } } fizzbuzz.go def fizzbuzz(max) 1.upto(max) do |i| if i % 5 == 0 and i % 3 == 0 puts "FizzBuzz" elsif i % 3== 0 puts "Fizz" elsif i % 5 == 0 puts "Buzz" else puts i end end end fizzbuzz.rb

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func fizzbuzz(max int) { for i := 1; i <= max; i++ { if i %3 == 0 && i %5 == 0 { fmt.Println("Fizzbuzz") continue } if i%3 == 0 { fmt.Println("Fizz") continue } if i%5 == 0 { fmt.Println("Buzz") continue } fmt.Println(i) } } fizzbuzz.go def fizzbuzz(max) 1.upto(max) do |i| if i % 5 == 0 and i % 3 == 0 puts "FizzBuzz" next end if i % 3== 0 puts "Fizz" next end if i % 5 == 0 puts "Buzz" next end puts i end end fizzbuzz.rb

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FIBONACCI

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def fib(max) if max < 2 return max else return fib(max-1) + fib(max-2) end end fib.rb

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func fib(max int) int { if max < 2 { return max } else { return fib(max-1) + fib(max-2) } } fib.go

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func fib(max int) int { if max < 2 { return max } else { return fib(max-1) + fib(max-2) } } fib.go def fib(max) if max < 2 return max else return fib(max-1) + fib(max-2) end end fib.rb

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func fib(max int) int { if max < 2 { return max } else { return fib(max-1) + fib(max-2) } } fib.go def fib(max) if max < 2 return max else return fib(max-1) + fib(max-2) end end fib.rb fib(40) fib(40)

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func fib(max int) int { if max < 2 { return max } else { return fib(max-1) + fib(max-2) } } fib.go def fib(max) if max < 2 return max else return fib(max-1) + fib(max-2) end end fib.rb fib(40) 1.02s user 0.01s system 99% cpu 1.027 total fib(40)

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func fib(max int) int { if max < 2 { return max } else { return fib(max-1) + fib(max-2) } } fib.go def fib(max) if max < 2 return max else return fib(max-1) + fib(max-2) end end fib.rb fib(40) 1.02s user 0.01s system 99% cpu 1.027 total fib(40) 17.37s user 0.04s system 99% cpu 17.467 total

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func fib(max int) int { i, j := 0, 1 for c := 0; c < max; c++ { i, j = i+j, i } return i } fib.go fib(40)

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func fib(max int) int { i, j := 0, 1 for c := 0; c < max; c++ { i, j = i+j, i } return i } fib.go fib(40) 0.00s user 0.00s system 74% cpu 0.004 total

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func fib(max int) int { i, j := 0, 1 for c := 0; c < max; c++ { i, j = i+j, i } return i } fib.go fib(1000)

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func fib(max int) int { i, j := 0, 1 for c := 0; c < max; c++ { i, j = i+j, i } return i } fib.go fib(1000) 0.00s user 0.00s system 72% cpu 0.004 total

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func fib(max int) int { i, j := 0, 1 for c := 0; c < max; c++ { i, j = i+j, i } return i } fib.go fib(1000) 0.00s user 0.00s system 72% cpu 0.004 total 43466557686937456435688527675040625802564660517371780402481729089536555417 94905189040387984007925516929592259308032263477520968962323987332247116164 2996440906533187938298969649928516003704476137795166849228875

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func fibGenerator() ? { return ? } fib.go

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func fibGenerator() ? { return ? } fib.go (some closureyish thing)

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func fibGenerator() ? { for i, j := 0, 1; ; i, j = i+j, i { // do something with i } return ? } fib.go

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func fibGenerator() ? { func() { for i, j := 0, 1; ; i, j = i+j, i { // do something with i } }() return ? } fib.go

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func fibGenerator() ? { go func() { for i, j := 0, 1; ; i, j = i+j, i { // do something with i } }() return ? } fib.go

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func fibGenerator() ? { c := someMagicalGenerator() go func() { for i, j := 0, 1; ; i, j = i+j, i { // do something with i } }() return ? } fib.go

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func fibGenerator() ? { c := someMagicalGenerator() go func() { for i, j := 0, 1; ; i, j = i+j, i { c.send(i) } }() return ? } fib.go

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func fibGenerator() ? { c := someMagicalGenerator() go func() { for i, j := 0, 1; ; i, j = i+j, i { c.send(i) } }() return c } fib.go

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someMagicalGenerator() ??? fib.go

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func fibGenerator() ? { c := someMagicalGenerator() go func() { for i, j := 0, 1; ; i, j = i+j, i { c.send(i) } }() return c } fib.go

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func fibGenerator() ? { c := make(chan int) go func() { for i, j := 0, 1; ; i, j = i+j, i { c.send(i) } }() return c } fib.go

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func fibGenerator() <-chan int { c := make(chan int) go func() { for i, j := 0, 1; ; i, j = i+j, i { c.send(i) } }() return c } fib.go

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func fibGenerator() <-chan int { c := make(chan int) go func() { for i, j := 0, 1; ; i, j = i+j, i { c.send(i) } }() return c } fib.go

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func fibGenerator() <-chan int { c := make(chan int) go func() { for i, j := 0, 1; ; i, j = i+j, i { c <- i } }() return c } fib.go

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func fibGenerator() <-chan int { c := make(chan int) go func() { for i, j := 0, 1; ; i, j = i+j, i { c <- i } }() return c } func main() { fib := fibGenerator() for i := 0; i < 25; i++ { fmt.Println( ? ) } } fib.go

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func fibGenerator() <-chan int { c := make(chan int) go func() { for i, j := 0, 1; ; i, j = i+j, i { c <- i } }() return c } func main() { fib := fibGenerator() for i := 0; i < 25; i++ { fmt.Println(<-fib) } } fib.go

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0 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34 55 89 144 233 377 610 987 1597 2584 4181 6765 10946 17711 fib.go

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func fibGenerator() <-chan int { c := make(chan int) go func() { for i, j := 0, 1; ; i, j = i+j, i { c <- i } }() return c } func main() { fib := fibGenerator() for i := 0; i < 25; i++ { fmt.Println(<-fib) } } fib.go

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func fibGenerator() <-chan int { c := make(chan int) go func() { for i, j := 0, 1; ; i, j = i+j, i { c <- i } }() return c } func main() { fib1 := fibGenerator() fib2 := fibGenerator() for i := 0; i < 5; i++ { fmt.Println(<-fib1) } for i := 0; i < 5; i++ { fmt.Println(<-fib2) } } fib.go

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func fibGenerator() <-chan int { c := make(chan int) go func() { for i, j := 0, 1; ; i, j = i+j, i { c <- i } }() return c } func main() { fib1 := fibGenerator() fib2 := fibGenerator() for i := 0; i < 5; i++ { fmt.Println(<-fib1) } for i := 0; i < 5; i++ { fmt.Println(<-fib2) } } fib.go

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go func() { for i, j := 0, 1; ; i, j = i+j, i { c <- i } }() fib.go

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for i, j := 0, 1; ; i, j = i+j, i { c <- i } fib.go

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for i, j := 0, 1; ; i, j = i+j, i { c <- i } fib.go

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for { c <- i } fib.go

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func fibGenerator() <-chan int { c := make(chan int) go func() { for i, j := 0, 1; ; i, j = i+j, i { c <- i } }() return c } fib.go

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func fibGenerator() <-chan int { c := make(chan int, 50) go func() { for i, j := 0, 1; ; i, j = i+j, i { c <- i } }() return c } fib.go

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func fibGenerator() <-chan int { c := make(chan int, 50) go func() { for i, j := 0, 1; ; i, j = i+j, i { c <- i } }() return c } fib.go

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func fibGenerator() <-chan int { c := make(chan int, 50) go func() { for i, j := 0, 1; ; i, j = i+j, i { c <- i } }() return c } fib.go

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STRUCTS

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type fib struct { // buffer is the size of the channel buffer. buffer int // ch is the internal channel where numbers are written. ch chan int } structs.go

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type Fib struct { // Buffer is the size of the channel buffer. Buffer int // Ch is the internal channel where numbers are written. Ch chan int } structs.go

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type Fib struct { // Buffer is the size of the channel buffer. Buffer int // Ch is the internal channel where numbers are written. Ch chan int } func PublicFunc() {} func privateFunc() {} structs.go

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type fib struct { // buffer is the size of the channel buffer. buffer int // ch is the internal channel where numbers are written. ch chan int } structs.go

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type fib struct { // buffer is the size of the channel buffer. buffer int // ch is the internal channel where numbers are written. ch chan int } func NewFib(b int) (*Fib, error) { f := new(fib) f.buffer = b f.ch = make(chan int, b) go func(f *Fib) { for i, j := 0, 1; ; i, j = i+j, i { f.ch <- i } }(f) return f, nil } structs.go

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func main() { f, err := NewFib(10) if err != nil { panic(err) } for i := 0; i < 10; i++ { fmt.Println(<-f.ch) } } structs.go

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func main() { f, err := NewFib(10) if err != nil { panic(err) } for i := 0; i < 10; i++ { fmt.Println(<-f.ch) } } structs.go

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type fib struct { // buffer is the size of the channel buffer. buffer int // ch is the internal channel where numbers are written. ch chan int } structs.go

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type Fib struct { // buffer is the size of the channel buffer. buffer int // ch is the internal channel where numbers are written. ch chan int } // Next gets the next number in the fib sequence. func (f *fib) Next() int { } structs.go

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type Fib struct { // buffer is the size of the channel buffer. buffer int // ch is the internal channel where numbers are written. ch chan int } // Next gets the next number in the fib sequence. func (f *fib) Next() int { return <-f.ch } structs.go

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func main() { f, err := NewFib(10) if err != nil { panic(err) } for i := 0; i < 10; i++ { fmt.Println(<-f.ch) } } structs.go

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func main() { f, err := NewFib(10) if err != nil { panic(err) } for i := 0; i < 10; i++ { fmt.Println(f.Next()) } } structs.go

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func main() { f, err := NewFib(10) if err != nil { panic(err) } for { fmt.Println(f.Next()) time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond) } } structs.go

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0 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34 55 89 144 233 377 610 987 1597 2584 4181 6765 10946 17711 structs.go

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1779979416004714189 2880067194370816120 4660046610375530309 7540113804746346429 -6246583658587674878 1293530146158671551 -4953053512429003327 -3659523366270331776 -8612576878699335103 6174643828739884737 -2437933049959450366 3736710778780434371 1298777728820984005 5035488507601418376 6334266236422402381 -7076989329685730859 -742723093263328478 -7819712422949059337 -8562435516212387815 2064596134548104464 -6497839381664283351 -4433243247116178887 7515661444929089378 structs.go

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structs.go

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uint64: range: 0 through 18446744073709551615.

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MORE?

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MORE? tour.golang.org

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SETH VARGO @sethvargo THANK YOU!