-BOHVBHFTGPS$PNQVUFS.VTJD 3PHFS#%BOOFOCFSH
 4DIPPMPG$PNQVUFS4DJFODF $BSOFHJF.FMMPO6OJWFSTJUZ 'SPOUJFSTJO%JHJUBM)VNBOJUJFT /PW https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fdigh.2018.00026/full

֓ཁ w ίϯϐϡʔλԻָͷͨΊͷઐ༻ݴޠͷαʔϕΠ w Իָʹ͸͕࣌ؒ൐͏ͷͰɺந৅Խͷ࢓ํ͕େ੾ w ͜ͷαʔϕΠͰ͸͍ΖΜͳݴޠ͕Ͳ͏ԻָΛந৅Խ͢Δ͔Λ֓؍

֓ཁ w *OUSPEVDUJPO w ͳͥԻָ͸ʢଞͷϓϩάϥϛϯάݴޠͱʣҧ͏ͷ͔ʁ w ࣌ؒͱεέδϡʔϦϯάͷϞσϧ w Ի੠߹੒ͷϞσϧ w ࣮ྫ

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*OUSPEVDUJPO w ʢ੢༸ͷʣ఻౷తͳԻָ΋܁Γฦ͠ͱ͔ͷ੍ޚߏ଄Λ࣋ͬͯͨ w ͍ΘΏΔޒઢේ͸ੈلʹʢՊֶͰ࣌ؒ࣠Λάϥϑʹϓϩοτ࢝͠Ίͨͷ ͸ੈلʣ w Իָ͸࣌ؒͱͱ΋ʹଘࡏ͢ΔɺܭࢉػՊֶ଎͚Ε͹଎͍΄Ͳ͍͍ w Իָ͸ฒྻʢ࿨Իͱ͔ʣ͕ී௨ɺܭࢉػ͸ஞ࣍తͰฒྻ͸ಛघέʔε w Ի੍ָ࡞͸࣌ʹෳ਺ਓࢀՃܕɺܭࢉػ͸ݸผͷλεΫͷղܾ ˠԻָ͕ϓϩάϥϛϯάݴޠҰൠʹ͍ͭͯͷ֓೦Λ΋޿͛ͯ͘ΕΔ͔΋

4ZOUBY 4FNBOUJDT 3VO5JNF4ZTUFN -JCSBSZ 1SPHSBNNJOH&OWJSPONFOU $PNNVOJUZBOE3FTPVSDFT

4ZOUBY w ͱ͔G Y Z ͱ͔JG Y \SFUVSO Y^ͱ͔ͷจ๏ͷ͜ͱ w άϥϑΟΧϧͳه๏΋Α͋͘Δ w 4ZOUBYͦͷ΋ͷΑΓ #FIBWJPVS ৼΔ෣͍ ͱ͔ 4FNBOUJDT ҙຯ෇͚ ͕େࣄ

4FNBOUJDT w ϓϩάϥϜͷจͷҙຯ෇͚ w ൚༻ݴޠ͸ηϚϯςΟΫεతʹݴ͑͹ࣅͨΓدͬͨΓʢϚγϯͷߏ଄ʹ༝ དྷ͢Δ΋ͷ͕ଟ͍ͷͰʣ w Իָ༻ݴޠ͸ฒྻɺ৴߸ॲཧɺϦΞϧλΠϜॲཧͱ͔͕͋ΔͷͰ৽͍͠η ϚϯςΟΫε͕ͨ͘͞Μग़ͯ͘Δ

3VO5JNF4ZTUFN w ݴޠΛίϯϐϡʔλʔ্Ͱ࣮ࡍʹ૸ΒͤΔͨΊͷγεςϜ w ηϚϯςΟΫεΛ࡞ΔͷͱηοτʹͳΔ͜ͱ΋ଟ͍ w ݴޠ͸Ұͭ௿ϨϕϧʢϥϯλΠϜΛ࣮૷ͨ͠ݴޠʣʹม׵͞Εͯ૸Δ w ͜͜Ͱ΋ϦΞϧλΠϜੑ΍ಉظํ๏ͳͲɺಛघͳγεςϜ͕Α͘ग़ͯ͘Δ

-JCSBSZ w ΄ͱΜͲͷԻָՈ͸΋ͱ΋ͱσϕϩούʔͰ͸ͳ͍ w ΈΜͳιϑτ΢ΣΞΛ։ൃ͍ͨ͠Μ͡Όͳ͘ԻָΛ࡞Γ͍ͨ w ͷͰɺ࠶ར༻Ͱ͖Δ෦෼͸ϥΠϒϥϦͱͯ͠੔උ͓ͯ͘͜͠ͱ͕େࣄ

1SPHSBNNJOH&OWJSPONFOU w ͍ΘΏΔΤσΟλʢ*%&ʣͱ͔ͷ͜ͱ w จ๏ͷ৭෼͚ͯ͘͠ΕͨΓɺϔϧϓυΩϡϝϯτ͕෇͍ͯͨΓ w ͦΕࣗମ͕ϥΠϒίʔσΟϯά༻ͷԋ૗؀ڥʹͳͬͨΓ΋͢ΔͷͰॏཁ

$PNNVOJUZBOE3FTPVSDFT w νϡʔτϦΞϧͱ͔αϯϓϧ͕͋Δ͜ͱ w ͋ͱɺσΟεΧογϣϯͷ৔͕͋ͬͨΓΦʔϓϯιʔεͷ։ൃ͕׆ൃͰ͋ Δ͜ͱ w ςΫχΧϧͳϝϦοτ͸ͳ͍͚ͲɺϢʔβʔΛҾ͖͚ͭΔେ͖ͳϙΠϯτ Ͱ΋͋Δ

8IZJT.VTJD%J⒎FSFOU .VTJD)BQQFOTJO5JNF %BUBqPXBOE4ZODISPOPVT#FIBWJPS "(PPE.VTJD1SPHSBNNJOH-BOHVBHF 4IPVME#FB(PPE-BOHVBHF

.VTJD)BQQFOTJO5JNF w ϓϩάϥϛϯάݴޠ͸جຊ଎͚Ε͹଎͍΄Ͳྑ͍ w Իָ͸l͋Δ࣌zʹ౴͑Λग़ྗ͠ͳ͚Ε͹ͳΒͳ͍ w Իָͷ࣌ؒͷ͋Γํ͸ϦονͰ͋Δʢςϯϙ͕༳ΕͨΓͱ͔ʣ w ΠϕϯτɺδΣενϟʔɺԻɺͱҟͳΔཻ౓ͷ࣌ؒͷܭࢉ͕ඞཁ

%BUBqPXBOE4ZODISPOPVT#FIBWJPS w ෼$Iͷۂͱ͔ͩͱ(#͙Β͍ͷσʔλΛѻ͏͜ͱʹͳΔʢ͔͠΋Ϧ ΞϧλΠϜͰʣ w ͱͳΔͱஞ࣍తʹσʔλΛܭࢉϢχοτʹྲྀ͍ͯ͘͠ํ͕ࣜྑ͍ w ฒྻ͍ͯ͠Δ෦෼͸ͦΕͧΕ͖ͪΜͱಉظ͠ͳ͍ͱμϝ

"(PPE.VTJD1SPHSBNNJOH-BOHVBHF 4IPVME#FB(PPE-BOHVBHF w ͍ΘΏΔޒઢේͷه๏͸Իఔ΋ϦζϜ΋ݻఆ͞Ε͍ͯΔ w ΋ͬͱॊೈ͔ͭಈతͳܭࢉ͕Ͱ͖Δදݱྗ͕ඞཁ w .VTJD7ͷྫɿ4DPSF-BOHVBHFͱ0SDIFTUSB-BOHVBHFʹผΕ͍ͯΔ
 ˠϢʔβʔ͕4DPSFΛग़ྗ͢ΔϝλݴޠΛ։ൃ

w ͍͔ͭ͘ͷݴޠ͸಺෦ʹαϒݴޠΛ࡞ͬͯλεΫΛղܾ͍ͯ͠Δʢ.BY .41+JUUFS(FOʣ w ϨσΟϝΠυͳղܾ๏͸Ұ෦ͷ໨తʹಛԽ͞Ε͗ͯ͢ػೳ੍ݶʹ΋ͳΔ w ݴޠ࢓༷Λॊೈʹ͢Δ͜ͱͰΑΓ޿͘ʹ࢖ΘΕΔΑ͏ʹͳΔɺಛԽܕͷػ ೳ͸ϥΠϒϥϦͱ࣮ͯ͠૷͢Ε͹ྑ͍

.PEFMTPG5JNFBOE4DIFEVMJOH w ࿦ཧ࣌ؒͷίϯηϓτ w ςϯϙͱ࣌ؒͷมܗʢ%FGPSNBUJPOʣ'03.6-" ֊૚ܕςϯϙ w '03.6-"$IVD,ͷεϨουγεςϜ
 εϨουؒͷ࿦ཧ࣌ؒΛਖ਼֬ʹ؅ཧͯ͠ಉظ

.PEFMTGPS4PVOE4ZOUIFTJT w ؔ਺ܕݴޠʢແݶ਺ྻͱ͔ఆٛͰ͖Δʣ w ΦϒδΣΫτࢦ޲ʢԻΛσʔλྻͰ͸ͳ͘ɺ σʔλͷू·ΓΛૢ࡞͢Δ΋ͷͱͯ͠ʣ w ҧ͍͸಺෦ʹεςʔτ͕͋Δ͔Ͳ͏͔ɾɾɾʁ

.PEFMTGPS4PVOE4ZOUIFTJT w "BNBUSBJOʹΑΔ൚Խ͞ΕͨΦϒδΣΫτͷϞσϧ $-".ͱ͍͏ϑ ϨʔϜϫʔΫͰ࢖ΘΕͨ

.PEFMTGPS4PVOE4ZOUIFTJT w #MPDL$PNQVUBUJPOɿ̍αϯϓϧ͝ͱ͡Όͳ͘αϯϓϧΛవΊͯ ॲཧͨ͠Γʢಛʹ''5ͱ͔ʣ w #MPDLαΠζΛϢʔβʔ͕มߋՄೳ͔ɺෳ਺ͷϒϩοΫαΠζΛಉ࣌ ʹѻ͑Δ͔ʁ w ͜Ε͕"VEJP3BUF$POUSPM3BUFͷڥ໨ʹͳΔγεςϜ΋ ʢ4VQFSDPMMJEFSͱ͔ʣ

&YBNQMFT লུ w .VTJD/ .VTJD7 6(FOϞσϧͷجૅ w .BY.41BOE1EϏδϡΞϧͰ6HFOฤू w 4VQFS$PMMJEFS w $IVD, w 'BVTU

$PODMVTJPOT

$PNQVUFS.VTJD-BOHVBHF$IBMMFOHFT w .VTJD/ͷΑ͏ͳ4DPSF0SDIFTUSB6(FOͷιʔεͱ͍͏̏૚ w /ZRVJTU͸ΛవΊͯॻ͚͕ͨ͸ผݴޠ w $ISPOJD #SBOEU ͸શ෦ΛవΊΑ͏ͱ͕ͨ͠ɺ৴߸ॲཧ͚ͩه๏͕ಛ घ͗͢ w 'BVTU,SPOPT /PSJMP ͸ΛవΊ͕ͨ͸͖͍ͭ w શ෦࣮ݱͯ͠Δͷ͸·ͩͳ͍ʂ

ؔ਺ܕWTΦϒδΣΫτ w ؔ਺ܕ͸ϓϩάϥϛϯάతࢹ఺Ͱ͸ࣗવ͔ͭޮ཰త w Ұํ6(FOͷ༷ʹɺΧϓηϧԽ͞Εͨதʹεςʔτ͕ଘࡏ͢Δͱ͍͏ݟํ ͷ͸ཧղ͠΍͍͢ w ˠؔ਺ܕͳΜ͚ͩͲɺΦϒδΣΫτΛѻͬͯΔͬΆ͘ݟ͑Δه๏ͷݴޠΛ ࡞Δͷ͕νϟϨϯδͰ͸

w ίϯϐϡʔλʔԻָͷෳࡶͳϓϩάϥϜΛͲ͏΍ͬͯཧղɾૢ࡞͠΍͘͢ ͢Δ͔ʁ w ΋ͪΖΜɺ.BYͷ༷ͳϏδϡΞϧૢ࡞ w (JCCFS 3PCFSU ςΩετΤσΟλ্ͷ਺஋͕ධՁ͞ΕΔͱมԽ͢Δ w "VSB %BOFOCFSH ɺϏδϡΞϧͱίʔυ྆ํͰฤू

w ͦͷଞ·ͱΊɿ w ίϯϐϡʔλʔ͕଎͘ͳͬͨͷͰιϑτ։ൃ΋Ճ଎ɾϓϩάϥϛϯά؀ڥ ͷΞΠσΞ΋͍Ζ͍Ζ૿͖͑ͯͨ w Իָϓϩάϥϛϯά͸Ϣʔβʔ΋χʔζ΋෯͕޿͍ͷͰ͜Ε͔Β΋׆ൃʹ ͍ΖΜͳݴޠ͕։ൃ͞ΕΔͩΖ͏

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