Composerって何？ どう動くの？ 読んでみました！ / lets-read-composer!

by hideki kinjyo

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• install͕஗͍ • ίϯϑϦΫτʁʁͳΜౖ͔ΒΕͨʂ • Φϓγϣϯ͕Α͘෼͔ΒΜ • ίϯϑΟά΋ΑʔΘ͔ΒΜ • .lockߋ৽ͰPR౤͛ΒΕͯ΋www

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パッケージ管理システム？ © - BASE, Inc. • ϨϙδτϦͷߪಡ • ύοέʔδͷΠϯετʔϧɾ࡟আ • ґଘؔ܎ͷղܾ • ઃఆ؅ཧ https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ύοέʔδ؅ཧγεςϜ

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パッケージ管理とComposer © - BASE, Inc. • Packagistͱ΍ΓͱΓͨ͠Γ  <= ϨϙδτϦͷߪಡ • GitHub͔Βguzzlehttp/clientΛऔಘͯ͠഑ஔͨ͠Γ  <= ύοέʔδͷΠϯετʔϧɾ࡟আ • ^1.2ͱ~1.2ʹର͠1.3.0Ͱ͸ͳ͘1.2.9ΛऔͬͨΓ  <= ґଘؔ܎ͷղܾ • composer.jsonͷத਎Λղऍͨ͠Γ  <= ઃఆ؅ཧ 

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パッケージ管理の「PHP実装」 © - BASE, Inc. ґଘ؅ཧͷେม͞Αʂ ύοέʔδ؅ཧͩʂ Composerര஀ʂ ՝୊ ղ๏ ࣮૷

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抽象の解釈としての実装 © - BASE, Inc. • ϨϙδτϦͷߪಡ • ύοέʔδͷΠϯετʔϧɾ࡟আ • ґଘؔ܎ͷղܾ • ઃఆ؅ཧ ݱ࣮ɾந৅ ιϑτ΢ΣΞɾ࣮૷ • \Composer\Repository\ • \Composer\Installer\ • \Composer\Package\ • \Composer\DependencyResolver\

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\Composer\Repository\ © - BASE, Inc. • ϨϙδτϦ৘ใͷ؅ཧ –repositories[].typeͷ෦෼ʹରԠ͢ΔΠϝʔδ • ex: –ComposerRepository: packagistϨϙ –VcsRepository: GitHub΍SVNͳͲͷϨϙ –PathRepository: ϩʔΧϧϑΝΠϧ Repositories - Composer https://getcomposer.org/doc/05-repositories.md

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\Composer\Installer\ © - BASE, Inc. • Πϯετʔϧͷ؅ཧ –ύοέʔδDLͷىಈͱ͔औಘϑΝΠϧͷ഑ஔͱ͔ • ex: –LibraryInstaller: packageͷΠϯετʔϧ –ProjectInstaller: root projectͷΠϯετʔϧ –PluginInstaller: plugin packageͷΠϯετʔϧ –PearInstaller: pear packageͷΠϯετʔϧ

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\Composer\Package\ © - BASE, Inc. • ύοέʔδ৘ใͷ؅ཧ –composer.jsonΛղऍͨ͠Γ • ex: –RootPackage: root projectͷ؅ཧ –Locker: composer.lockͷ؅ཧ –Link: packageؒͷ(ґଘ)ؔ܎

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\Composer\DependencyResolver\ © - BASE, Inc. • ґଘؔ܎ͷ؅ཧ –ෳ਺Ϩϙ͔Βύοέʔδ৘ใΛ౷߹ͨ͠Γ –install͢Δ͔ʁupdate͢Δ͔?ͦͷ··͔?ΛܾΊͨΓ • ex: –Solver: ґଘؔ܎Λ੔ཧ͠ύοέʔδͷѻ͍ΛܾΊΔ –Pool: ϨϙδτϦ΍ύοέʔδ৘ใͷू໿ –Operation: install,update,removeͳͲͷૢ࡞Λࣔ͢

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初めてのComposer: まとめ © - BASE, Inc. • ύοέʔδ؅ཧʹඞཁͳཁૉ –ϨϙδτϦ,Πϯετʔϥ,ґଘղܾ,ઃఆ؅ཧ • Composer΋ύοέʔδ؅ཧͷʮ࣮૷ʯ –্هͷ4֓೦ʹ͍ͭͯ΋ɺ  ͦΕͧΕରԠ͢Δnamespace͕ଘࡏ͢Δ

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$ composer instal -vvv

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͜ͷը໘ͷҙຯ͕෼͔ΔΑ͏ʹ͢Δͧʂ

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ApplicationとしてのComposer © - BASE, Inc. Composerͷຊମͱ͍͑͹ίΠπͰ͕͢

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ApplicationとしてのComposer © - BASE, Inc. த਎ΛݟͯΔͱɺ࣮ଶ͸Console\Application

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symfony/console © - BASE, Inc. • Composer͸symfony/ consoleΛར༻ • CLIπʔϧΛ؆୯ʹ࡞Ε Δύοέʔδ • CommandΫϥεͱ͍͏ ୯ҐΛ࡞Γ • Applicationͷதʹొ࿥ ͢Δ ※ symfony/consoleʹ͍ͭͯ͸ίνϥͷهࣄͳͲΛͲ͏ͦ  Container(PSR-11)ͱsymfony/consoleͰ؆୯ͳίϚϯυϥΠϯΞϓϦέʔγϣϯΛ࡞ͬͯΈΑ͏ - istyle Tech Blog  https://techblog.istyle.co.jp/archives/97

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Composer\Command © - BASE, Inc. $composer about $composer config $composer check-platform-

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installってどこにあるの？ © - BASE, Inc. InstallCommandΫϥε

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Installerを開くと‧‧ © - BASE, Inc. ίϯετϥΫλ͔Βͯ͠طʹେมͦ͏…

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installの⼤まかな流れ © - BASE, Inc. 1.PJ৘ใ(RootPackage)ͷಡΈࠐΈ 2.ϨϙδτϦ৘ใͷಡΈࠐΈ 3.ߋ৽಺༰ͷࢉग़(ґଘੑͷ੔ཧ) 4.ύοέʔδͷऔಘɾ഑ஔ 5..lockϑΝΠϧͷߋ৽ 6.autoloadϑΝΠϧͷੜ੒ ࣄલॲཧ ґଘղܾ ࣄޙॲཧ

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Installer::run()の全体像 © - BASE, Inc. functionͷத਎͸  ͜Μͳײ͡

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Installer::run()の全体像 © - BASE, Inc. ΠϯετʔϧࡁΈͷ ύοέʔδ৘ใΛ  औಘͯ͠

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Installer::run()の全体像 © - BASE, Inc. ґଘੑͷղܾ΍  ύοέʔδͷऔಘ  &഑ஔΛͯ͠

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Installer::run()の全体像 © - BASE, Inc. .lockϑΝΠϧΛ  ߋ৽ͯ͠

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Installer::run()の全体像 © - BASE, Inc. autoloadϑΝΠϧͷ  ग़ྗʂ

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Installコマンドの全体感‧概要の整理: まとめ © - BASE, Inc. • جຊతͳίϚϯυ͸  src/Composer/Commandʹ  Ϋϥεͱ࣮ͯ͠૷͞Ε͍ͯΔ • Installॲཧͷ࣮ଶ͸ɺ  InstallCommand->Installer::run()ʹ͋Δ

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installの⼤まかな流れ © - BASE, Inc. 1.PJ৘ใ(RootPackage)ͷಡΈࠐΈ 2.ϨϙδτϦ৘ใͷಡΈࠐΈ 3.ߋ৽಺༰ͷࢉग़(ґଘੑͷ੔ཧ) 4.ύοέʔδͷऔಘɾ഑ஔ 5..lockϑΝΠϧͷߋ৽ 6.autoloadϑΝΠϧͷੜ੒ ࣄલॲཧ ґଘղܾ ࣄޙॲཧ ࠶ܝ

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PJの読み込み？ © - BASE, Inc. • ϓϩδΣΫτ(PJ)͸ύοέʔδͷҰܗଶ • ύοέʔδ͸  ࣗ෼͕ґଘ͍ͯ͠ΔϞϊͷ৘ใΛ࣋ͭ • ͳͷͰґଘղܾͷ࠷ॳͷҰา͸  ʮPJͷ৘ใΛಡΈࠐΉʯ͜ͱ

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RootPackage © - BASE, Inc. • ComposerͷੈքͰ͸ɺ  1ͭͷcomposer.jsonʹରԠͯ͠  1ͭͷPackageΠϯελϯε͕࡞ΕΔ • ͦͷதͰɺ  PJࣗ਎ = rootͱͳΔPackage͸  RootPackageΠϯελϯε͕࡞ΒΕΔ

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Package © - BASE, Inc. • ͭ·Γ `composer install` ࣮ߦͱ͸  RootPackageͷґଘੑͷղܾͱݴ͑Δ • Packageͷதʹ͸ɺࣗ਎ͷόʔδϣϯ৘ ใ΍ґଘ͢Δύοέʔδͷ৘ใetcؚ͕ ·Ε͍ͯΔ

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RootPackageの取得 © - BASE, Inc. Installer::create() Composer::getPackage()

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[定義]レポジトリってなんだ？ © - BASE, Inc. • (ར༻Մೳͳ)ύοέʔδ৘ใΛ؅ཧ͢Δ –໊લ –όʔδϣϯ –औಘઌ

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レポジトリ情報の読み込み © - BASE, Inc. • ࢦఆ͞Εͨ΋ͷ͕ଘࡏ͢Δ͔ʁ  Ͳ͜ʹ͋Δ͔ʁΛ஌Βͳ͍ͱ  ύοέʔδͷDL͕Ͱ͖ͳ͍ • ϨϙδτϦ͕ͦΕΛ؅ཧ͢Δɻ  ʮԿͷύοέʔδ͕༗Δ͔ʯͷ৘ใΛ  ೺Ѳ͠ɺϢʔβʔʹఏڙ͢Δ

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Repository(Interface) © - BASE, Inc. • ComposerͷੈքͰ͸ɺ  ϨϙδτϦ͸RepositoryInterfaceͷ࣮૷ Ͱදݱ͞ΕΔ • Repository͸ʮύοέʔδ৘ใͷҰཡʯ ΛಡΈࠐΈɺ؅ཧ͢Δ • ʮऔಘʯ΍ʮݕࡧʯͷػೳΛఏڙ͢Δ

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composer installͰ͸ɺ  ϩʔΧϧٴͼϦϞʔτͷ৘ใ͕ؔΘΔ 基本的なレポジトリ3つ © - BASE, Inc. ϩʔΧϧ InstalledFilesystemRepo PlatformRepo (΄΅)  vendorσΟϨΫτϦ PHPͷγεςϜ৘ใ ϦϞʔτ ComposerRepo Packagist

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InstalledFilesystemRepo © - BASE, Inc. • ΠϯετʔϧࡁΈύοέʔδͷ؅ཧ –಺༰͸ `vendor/composer/installed.json` • ʮطʹ͋ΔPackageʯͷղܾ͸  ͜ͷϨϙδτϦΛૢ࡞͢Δ͜ͱͰ࣮ݱ

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InstalledFilesystemRepoの様⼦ © - BASE, Inc. $composer show —tree

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• γεςϜཁ݅ͷ؅ཧ –phpͷόʔδϣϯ΍༗ޮͳ֦ுͳͲ • requireʹ'php”΍”ext-XXX”͕هड़͞Εͨ ࣌ʹར༻͞ΕΔ PlatformRepository © - BASE, Inc. composer.json

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PlatformRepositoryの様⼦ © - BASE, Inc. $composer show —platform

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ComposerRepository © - BASE, Inc. • Packagist্ͷύοέʔδͷ؅ཧ –಺༰͸ `https://packagist.org/packages.json` • indexϑΝΠϧ –͜͜ʹه͞Ε͍ͯΔιʔεΛϑΣον͢Δ • ࠷ॳ͸ʮύοέʔδ໊ͷҰཡʯͷΈ –ͨͩ͠ɺͦΕࣗମ΋஗Ԇॲཧ͞ΕΔ –ղܾ͕ඞཁͳύοέʔδ͕ग़͖ͯͨ࣌ʹ  ύοέʔδݸผͷ৘ใΛऔΓʹߦ͘

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ComposerRepositoryのリスト更新 © - BASE, Inc. ϦετΛऔಘ͍ͯ͠Δ༷ࢠ $ composer install

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Poolの作成とRepoの登録 © - BASE, Inc. • Pool –ϨϙδτϦ΍ύοέʔδΛ؅ཧ͢Δ –ҎޙɺϨϙδτϦʹର͢Δύοέʔδͷ໰͍߹ Θͤ͸(جຊతʹ)PoolΛհͯ͠ߦΘΕΔ • ґଘੑͷղܾʹਐΉલʹɺ  ࡞੒͞Ε͍ͯΔ3ͭͷRepositoryΠϯελ ϯεΛPoolʹొ࿥͢Δ

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installの事前処理: まとめ © - BASE, Inc. • PJ৘ใ͸RootPackageͱͯ͠ΠϯελϯεԽ ͞ΕΔ • installʹ͓͍ͯ͸ϩʔΧϧͱϦϞʔτͷ Repository͕ಡΈࠐ·ΕΔ –InstalledFilesystem, Platform, Composer • ಡΈࠐ·ΕͨRepository͸Poolʹ௥Ճ͞Εɺ ౷߹తʹղܾ͢Δͷʹར༻͞ΕΔ

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更新内容の算出(依存性の整理)？ © - BASE, Inc. • (rootΛؚΉ)ෳ਺ͷύοέʔδ͕ɺ  ͦΕͧΕʹෳ਺ͷύοέʔδʹґଘ͍ͯ͠Δ • ͦΕΒͷ৘ใΛ౷߹͢Δඞཁ͕͋Δ –֤ύοέʔδ͕Կʹґଘ͍ͯ͠Δ͔Λ࠶ؼతʹ೺Ѳ ͢Δ –ચ͍ग़͞Εͨґଘʹ͍ͭͯɺڞ༗Ͱ͖Δ΋ͷ΍িಥ ͕ͳ͍͔Λௐ΂Δ • ࠷ऴతʹʮԿ͕΄͍͔͠ʯΛ೺Ѳ͢Δ

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PackageとRequest © - BASE, Inc. • Package->requiresͷ৘ใ Λ࿈Ͷ͍ͯ͘ʮཉ͍͠ ෺ʯͷΩϡʔΛଋͶΔΫ ϥε͕ཉ͍͠ • ͦΕ͕RequestΫϥε • require1ߦ͝ͱʹjob͕1 ݸͰ͖ΔΠϝʔδ(=job) Package phpunit/phpunit:^8.4 Request jobs

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RequestとJob © - BASE, Inc. Request jobs job͸୯७ͳ࿈૝഑ྻ • jobͷ࣋ͭ৘ใ –cmd • install|update|remove –packageName –constraint • ver.ࢦఆ

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RequestとSolver © - BASE, Inc. • Solver::solve()ʹ  RequestΛ౉͢ • ͜ͷதͰڝ߹৚݅ɾڞ௨ ෦෼͕ߟྀ͞ΕΔ • jobsΛݩʹɺ  ʮԿΛ͢Ε͹͍͍͔ʯΛ Installerʹฦͯ͘͠ΕΔ Solver Request Operation[]

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Operation © - BASE, Inc. • job͕ղܾ͞Εɺ࠷ऴ తʹߋ৽ૢ࡞͕ඞཁͳ ΋ͷ͚͕ͩฦ͞ΕΔ • ྫ͑͹”Nothing to install or update”ͳ Βɺ`solve()`ͷฦΓ஋ ͸ۭ഑ྻ Solver Operation jobs Operation jobs Operation

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パッケージの取得‧配置？ © - BASE, Inc. • ʮͲͷύοέʔδΛऔಘ(ߋ৽ɺ࡟আ)͢Ε ͹ྑ͍͔ʯͱ͍͏৘ใΛಘͨ • ͦΕͧΕʹ͍ͭͯɺద੾ͳ৔ॴ͔Βऔಘ ͢Δ • ඞཁʹԠͯ͡ղౚ΍मਖ਼ͳͲͷॲཧ΋͸ ͞Έͭͭɺ࠷ऴతʹنଇతͳ৔ॴ΁഑ஔ ͢Δ

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実際にパッケージをDLしてくる © - BASE, Inc. • ύοέʔδͷΠϯετʔϧ͸ɺ InstallationManager::execute()ʹΑͬͯ ߦΘΕΔ • औಘݩ͸Package͕஌͍ͬͯΔ • DLઌΛܾఆ͢Δͷ͸Installerͷ࢓ࣄ • DLΛ͢Δͷ͸Downloaderͷ࢓ࣄ

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流れ(ざっくり)① © - BASE, Inc. Installer InstallationManager operation͔ΒpackageΛरͬͯ packageͷtypeʹԠͨ͡installerΛ༻ҙ LibraryInstaller locaRepo, operation locaRepo, operation

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流れ(ざっくり)② © - BASE, Inc. DownloadManager package͔ΒtypeʹԠͨ͡  downloaderΛऔಘ package, downloadPath package, downloadPath LibraryInstaller Downloader packageͷ৘ใΛಡΈऔͬͯ  downloadPathʹల։

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installの依存解決: まとめ © - BASE, Inc. • RootΛؚΉؔ࿈PackageͷrequireΛશͯ ྻڍ͠(Request/job)ɺSolverʹΑ࣮ͬͯ ߦ͢΂͖ૢ࡞ΛߜΓࠐΜͰ͍Δ • Package͝ͱʹInstallerɾDownloaderΛ ىಈ͠ɺવΔ΂͖ιʔείʔυΛDL͢Δ

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.lockファイルに載せる情報は？ © - BASE, Inc. • .lockϑΝΠϧ͸ɺʮίί·ͰʹΠϯε τʔϧͨ͠΋ͷʯͷࣸ૾ –औಘ͞ΕͨPackage: localRepoͷσʔλ –ϓϥοτϑΥʔϜͷ৘ใ: composer.json + PlatformReqRepoͷσʔλ –ͦͷଞɺstabilityϑϥάͳͲ: RootPackageͷ σʔλ

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必要な情報を合成してdumpする © - BASE, Inc. • Composer\Package\Locker –ʮ.lockϑΝΠϧͷΠϯελϯεʯͳΠϝʔδ • Locker::setLockData()ʹ  ඞཁͳ৘ใΛ౉ͨ͠Βɺ  jsonσʔλΛ૊ΈཱͯͯϑΝΠϧʹग़ྗ ͜͜·ͰͷRepo/PackageͷΠϝʔδΛ௫Ί͍ͯΕ͹ɺ  .lockσʔλͷࢉग़͸γϯϓϧͰ͢Ͷʂ

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各ファイルの出⼒ © - BASE, Inc. • autoloadϑΝΠϧ͸ෳ਺ͷ಺༰͔Β੒Δ –ΫϥεϚοϓ –includeϑΝΠϧ –Composer\Autoload\ClassLoader –etc. • ͜ΕΒΛ`vendor/composer`ҎԼʹग़ྗ –※ઃఆʹΑͬͯҟͳΔ