J S , R u s t , P y t h o n a n d t h e H o l y G r a a l L a r s H u p e l B O B 2 0 2 0 - 0 2 - 2 8 

T h e o r i g i n s o f J a v a “ 1 9 9 6 – J a m e s G o s l i n g i n v e n t s J a v a . J a v a i s a r e l a t i v e l y v e r b o s e , g a r b a g e c o l l e c t e d , c l a s s b a s e d , s t a t i c a l l y t y p e d , s i n g l e d i s p a t c h , o b j e c t o r i e n t e d l a n g u a g e w i t h s i n g l e i m p l e m e n t a t i o n i n h e r i t a n c e a n d m u l t i p l e i n t e r f a c e i n h e r i t a n c e . S u n l o u d l y h e r a l d s J a v a ’ s n o v e l t y . ” – J a m e s I r y 

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J a v a : a s h o r t h i s t o r y 1 9 9 4 f i r s t J V M v e r s i o n 

J a v a : a s h o r t h i s t o r y 1 9 9 4 f i r s t J V M v e r s i o n 2 0 0 1 f i r s t v e r s i o n s o f J y t h o n a n d J R u b y 

J a v a : a s h o r t h i s t o r y 1 9 9 4 f i r s t J V M v e r s i o n 2 0 0 1 f i r s t v e r s i o n s o f J y t h o n a n d J R u b y 2 0 0 3 f i r s t v e r s i o n o f G r o o v y 

J a v a : a s h o r t h i s t o r y 1 9 9 4 f i r s t J V M v e r s i o n 2 0 0 1 f i r s t v e r s i o n s o f J y t h o n a n d J R u b y 2 0 0 3 f i r s t v e r s i o n o f G r o o v y 2 0 0 4 f i r s t v e r s i o n o f S c a l a 

J a v a : a s h o r t h i s t o r y 1 9 9 4 f i r s t J V M v e r s i o n 2 0 0 1 f i r s t v e r s i o n s o f J y t h o n a n d J R u b y 2 0 0 3 f i r s t v e r s i o n o f G r o o v y 2 0 0 4 f i r s t v e r s i o n o f S c a l a 2 0 0 6 J a v a 6 w i t h J S R 2 2 3 ( s c r i p t i n g ) 

J S R 2 2 3 P r o b l e m S e r v l e t s a r e c o o l , b u t w e w a n t t o w r i t e o u r w e b p a g e s i n P H P . 

J S R 2 2 3 P r o b l e m S e r v l e t s a r e c o o l , b u t w e w a n t t o w r i t e o u r w e b p a g e s i n P H P . S o l u t i o n D e f i n e a n A P I f o r s c r i p t i n g l a n g u a g e s t o e x c h a n g e o b j e c t s w i t h J a v a . 

S c r i p t i n g l a n g u a g e s • J S R 2 2 3 d o e s n o t d e f i n e “ s c r i p t i n g l a n g u a g e ” • w o r d i n g i m p l i e s u n t y p e d l a n g u a g e s • f u n d a m e n t a l p r o b l e m : m o s t c a l l s r e q u i r e r e f l e c t i o n ( s l o w ) 

J a v a : a s h o r t h i s t o r y 1 9 9 4 f i r s t J V M v e r s i o n 2 0 0 1 f i r s t v e r s i o n s o f J y t h o n a n d J R u b y 2 0 0 3 f i r s t v e r s i o n o f G r o o v y 2 0 0 4 f i r s t v e r s i o n o f S c a l a 2 0 0 6 J a v a 6 w i t h J S R 2 2 3 ( s c r i p t i n g ) 

J a v a : a s h o r t h i s t o r y 1 9 9 4 f i r s t J V M v e r s i o n 2 0 0 1 f i r s t v e r s i o n s o f J y t h o n a n d J R u b y 2 0 0 3 f i r s t v e r s i o n o f G r o o v y 2 0 0 4 f i r s t v e r s i o n o f S c a l a 2 0 0 6 J a v a 6 w i t h J S R 2 2 3 ( s c r i p t i n g ) 2 0 1 1 J a v a 7 w i t h J S R 2 9 2 ( invokedynamic) 

D a V i n c i M a c h i n e • s t a r t e d i n 2 0 0 7 a s a V M p l a y g r o u n d • s u b p r o j e c t s : d y n a m i c i n v o c a t i o n , c o n t i n u a t i o n s , t a i l - c a l l s , . . . 

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i n v o k e d y n a m i c P r o b l e m S c r i p t i n g l a n g u a g e s a r e c o o l , b u t w e d o n ’ t k n o w w h a t t h e h e c k x + y m e a n s 

i n v o k e d y n a m i c P r o b l e m S c r i p t i n g l a n g u a g e s a r e c o o l , b u t w e d o n ’ t k n o w w h a t t h e h e c k x + y m e a n s [object Object] 

i n v o k e d y n a m i c P r o b l e m S c r i p t i n g l a n g u a g e s a r e c o o l , b u t w e d o n ’ t k n o w w h a t t h e h e c k x + y m e a n s [object Object] S o l u t i o n A l l o w c o m p i l e r i m p l e m e n t e r s t o i m p l e m e n t c u s t o m d i s p a t c h i n g 

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J a v a : a s h o r t h i s t o r y 1 9 9 4 f i r s t J V M v e r s i o n 2 0 0 1 f i r s t v e r s i o n s o f J y t h o n a n d J R u b y 2 0 0 3 f i r s t v e r s i o n o f G r o o v y 2 0 0 4 f i r s t v e r s i o n o f S c a l a 2 0 0 6 J a v a 6 w i t h J S R 2 2 3 ( s c r i p t i n g ) 2 0 1 1 J a v a 7 w i t h J S R 2 9 2 ( invokedynamic) 

J a v a : a s h o r t h i s t o r y 1 9 9 4 f i r s t J V M v e r s i o n 2 0 0 1 f i r s t v e r s i o n s o f J y t h o n a n d J R u b y 2 0 0 3 f i r s t v e r s i o n o f G r o o v y 2 0 0 4 f i r s t v e r s i o n o f S c a l a 2 0 0 6 J a v a 6 w i t h J S R 2 2 3 ( s c r i p t i n g ) 2 0 1 1 J a v a 7 w i t h J S R 2 9 2 ( invokedynamic) 2 0 1 4 J a v a 8 w i t h N a s h o r n 

J a v a : a s h o r t h i s t o r y 1 9 9 4 f i r s t J V M v e r s i o n 2 0 0 1 f i r s t v e r s i o n s o f J y t h o n a n d J R u b y 2 0 0 3 f i r s t v e r s i o n o f G r o o v y 2 0 0 4 f i r s t v e r s i o n o f S c a l a 2 0 0 6 J a v a 6 w i t h J S R 2 2 3 ( s c r i p t i n g ) 2 0 1 1 J a v a 7 w i t h J S R 2 9 2 ( invokedynamic) 2 0 1 4 J a v a 8 w i t h N a s h o r n 2 0 1 9 f i r s t v e r s i o n o f G r a a l V M 

E n t e r G r a a l V M ! • p o l y g l o t J V M d e v e l o p e d b y O r a c l e • t o n s o f f e a t u r e s 

W h a t i s T r u f f l e ? “ T h e T r u f f l e f r a m e w o r k a l l o w s y o u t o r u n p r o g r a m m i n g l a n g u a g e s e f - f i c i e n t l y o n G r a a l V M . I t s i m p l i f i e s l a n g u a g e i m p l e m e n t a t i o n b y a u t o - m a t i c a l l y d e r i v i n g h i g h - p e r f o r m a n c e c o d e f r o m i n t e r p r e t e r s . ” 

P a r t i a l a p p l i c a t i o n A => B => C 

P a r t i a l a p p l i c a t i o n A => B => C + A 

P a r t i a l a p p l i c a t i o n A => B => C + A = B => C 

P a r t i a l e v a l u a t i o n A => B => C + A = B => C 

C o m p i l e r s p e r f o r m p a r t i a l e v a l u a t i o n a l l t h e t i m e ! L o o p u n r o l l i n g C o n s t a n t f o l d i n g B o u n d s - c h e c k i n g e l i m i n a t i o n D e a d c o d e e l i m i n a t i o n D e f o r e s t a t i o n I n l i n i n g 

E x a m p l e int f(int x, int y) { int res = 0; for (int i = 0; i < x; ++i) res += y; return res; } 

E x a m p l e int f(int x, int y) { int res = 0; for (int i = 0; i < x; ++i) res += y; return res; } stream.map(y => f(3, y)); 

E x a m p l e int f_x3(int y) { int res = 0; res += y; res += y; res += y; return res; } stream.map(y => f_x3(y)); 

E x a m p l e int f_x3(int y) { return 3 * y; } stream.map(y => f_x3(y)); 

E x a m p l e stream.map(y => 3 * y); 

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C o m p i l e r S o u r c e C o d e C o m p i l e r T a r g e t C o d e R u n t i m e O u t p u t I n p u t 

I n t e r p r e t e r S o u r c e C o d e R u n t i m e O u t p u t I n p u t 

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F u t a m u r a p r o j e c t i o n S o u r c e C o d e R u n t i m e O u t p u t I n p u t S o u r c e C o d e C o m p i l e d P r o g r a m 

C o d e → R e s u l t 

C o d e → R e s u l t ( C o d e , I n t e r p r e t e r ) → E x e c u t a b l e 

C o d e → R e s u l t I n t e r p r e t e r → C o m p i l e r ( C o d e , I n t e r p r e t e r ) → E x e c u t a b l e 

C o d e → R e s u l t I n t e r p r e t e r → C o m p i l e r ( C o d e , I n t e r p r e t e r ) → E x e c u t a b l e ( I n t e r p r e t e r → C o m p i l e r ) → S u p e r c o m p i l e r 

F u t a m u r a p r o j e c t i o n s c o n j e c t u r e d b y Y o s h i h i k o F u t a m u r a i n t h e 1 9 8 0 ’s 

Copyright © 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Copyright © 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Applying Futamura projections to compose Languages and Tools in GraalVM PEPM 2019 Christian Humer VM Research Group, Oracle Labs, Zurich 

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public abstract class JSMultiplyNode extends JSBinaryNode { public abstract Object execute(Object a, Object b); @Specialization(guards = "b > 0", rewriteOn = ArithmeticException.class) protected int doIntBLargerZero(int a, int b) { /* ... */ } @Specialization(rewriteOn = ArithmeticException.class) protected int doInt(int a, int b) { /* ... */ } @Specialization protected double doDouble(double a, double b) { return a * b; } // ... } 

J V M + P o l y g l o t = P r o f i t • l a n g u a g e s m a y c a l l e a c h o t h e r • l a n g u a g e s b e n e f i t f r o m t h e J V M : p a r a l l e l i s m t o o l i n g l i b r a r i e s . . . 

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N a t i v e c o d e 

Q & A L a r s H u p e l � l a r s . h u p e l @ i n n o q . c o m � @ l a r s r _ h w w w . i n n o q . c o m i n n o Q D e u t s c h l a n d G m b H K r i s c h e r s t r . 1 0 0 4 0 7 8 9 M o n h e i m a . R h . G e r m a n y + 4 9 2 1 7 3 3 3 6 6 - 0 O h l a u e r S t r . 4 3 1 0 9 9 9 B e r l i n G e r m a n y L u d w i g s t r . 1 8 0 E 6 3 0 6 7 O f f e n b a c h G e r m a n y K r e u z s t r . 1 6 8 0 3 3 1 M ü n c h e n G e r m a n y c / o W e W o r k H e r m a n n s t r a s s e 1 3 2 0 0 9 5 H a m b u r g G e r m a n y i n n o Q S c h w e i z G m b H G e w e r b e s t r . 1 1 C H - 6 3 3 0 C h a m S w i t z e r l a n d + 4 1 4 1 7 4 3 0 1 1 1 A l b u l a s t r . 5 5 8 0 4 8 Z ü r i c h S w i t z e r l a n d 

L A R S H U P E L C o n s u l t a n t i n n o Q D e u t s c h l a n d G m b H L a r s e n j o y s p r o g r a m m i n g i n a v a r i e t y o f l a n - g u a g e s , i n c l u d i n g S c a l a , H a s k e l l , a n d R u s t . H e i s k n o w n a s a f r e q u e n t c o n f e r e n c e s p e a k e r a n d o n e o f t h e f o u n d e r s o f t h e T y p e l e v e l i n i t i a t i v e w h i c h i s d e d i c a t e d t o p r o v i d i n g p r i n c i p l e d , t y p e - d r i v e n S c a l a l i b r a r i e s . 

I m a g e s o u r c e s • J a m e s G o s l i n g : P e t e r C a m p b e l l , C C - B Y - S A 4 . 0 , https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:James_Gosling_2008.jpg&oldid=149207971 • C o n d e - C l e m e n t e , P a t r i c i a & O r t i n , F r a n c i s c o . ( 2 0 1 4 ) . J I N D Y : A j a v a l i b r a r y t o s u p p o r t i n v o k e d y n a m i c . • S p i c e s : https://pixabay.com/photos/spices-spice-mix-market-73776/ • D u c k t y p i n g : https://twitter.com/sketchymacro/status/1229046533359689730 • G r a a l V M a r c h i t e c t u r e : https://blogs.oracle.com/graalvm/announcement • G r a a l V M s l i d e : https://popl19.sigplan.org/details/pepm-2019-papers/2/ Applying-Futamura-Projections-to-Compose-Languages-and-Tools-in-GraalVM-Invited-Talk • R a i n b o w : https://pixabay.com/photos/rainbow-seaside-coast-beach-sky-675832/ • F u t u r a m a l o g o : https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Datei:Futurama-logo.svg&oldid=88835467 • D a V i n c i V M s l i d e : https://openjdk.java.net/projects/mlvm/pdf/LangNet20080128.pdf • L L V M l o g o : A p p l e • D u k e : O r a c l e • F i e l d : https://unsplash.com/photos/4miBe6zg5r0 • C a t w i t h y a r n : https://www.publicdomainpictures.net/en/view-image.php?image=161669&picture=cat-isolated-on-the-white