Git Educated About Git - 20 Essential Commands

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git educated about git by Jeremy Lindblom ( @jeremeamia )

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git what? • why? • how?

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git

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hello! i'm jeremy.

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hello! i'm jeremy. PHP Software Engineer at Co-author of the AWS SDK for PHP Co-organizer of the Seattle PHP User Group Zend Education Advisory Board for 5.5 exam Keys/Vocals for Gigawattband.com @jeremeamia on and | webjeremy.com

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raise your hand if… 1.  You've used git. a.  …but only via a GUI. 2.  You've used SVN, CVS, P4, etc. 3.  You've never used a VCS. 4.  You have a GitHub account. a.  …and actually have repos you've created. 5.  You came to learn more about git. 6.  You just came to hear the song.

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git what is (g)it?

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what is git? 1. It's a version control system. 2. It's really popular. 3. It's distributed. 4. It's fast. 5. It's FOSS.

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what is git? 1. It's a version control system. 2. It's really popular. 3. It's distributed. 4. It's fast. 5. It's FOSS.

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version control •  Also source control or revision control •  “any practice that tracks and provides control over changes to source code”[1] •  Version Control System ( VCS ) – Git – SVN – CVS – Mercurial – Perforce – ClearCase – SourceSafe – Bazaar – TFS

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vocabulary – part 1 •  Repository | Repo – Set of current & past data about the files •  Revision | Version | Commit – A tracked change to the repo •  Working Copy – Local copy of the repo at a specific revision •  Head | Tip – The most recent revision

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vocabulary – part 2 •  Trunk | Mainline | Master – The main development path of the repo •  Branch – A divergent development path of the repo for features, fixes, etc. •  Merge – Integrate revisions from a branch back into trunk or other branch •  Tag – A name or label given to a revision

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snapshots, not deltas [2]

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what is git? 1. It's a version control system. 2. It's really popular. 3. It's distributed. 4. It's fast. 5. It's FOSS.

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who is using git?

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who is using git? https://github.com/aws

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who is using git? Zend Framework • Symfony • Laravel Doctrine • Guzzle • CodeIgniter • Monolog WordPress • CakePHP AWS SDK for PHP • Yii Composer • Magento PHPUnit • hhvm • Slim Drupal • FuelPHP • Kohana • Joomla Silex • PHPParser • Aura • Assetic • phpBB Phalcon • phpDocumentor • PyroCMS

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what is git? 1. It's a version control system. 2. It's really popular. 3. It's distributed. 4. It's fast. 5. It's FOSS.

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centralized version control [3]

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distributed version control [3]

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what is git? 1. It's a version control system. 2. It's really popular. 3. It's distributed. 4. It's fast. 5. It's FOSS.

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what is git? 1. It's a version control system. 2. It's really popular. 3. It's distributed. 4. It's fast. 5. It's FOSS.

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git why should you use (g)it?

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so you can… …continue being employable. …contribute to open source projects. …put code on your GitHub profile. …deploy code to PaaS solutions. …use Composer effectively. …ditch SVN, CVS, P4, etc.

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git how do you use (g)it?

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20 essential commands 1. git help 2. git config 3. git init 4. git status 5. git add 6. git rm -‐-‐cached 7. git commit 8. git diff 9. git reset 10. git log 11. git remote 12. git push 13. git clone 14. git pull 15. git fetch 16. git branch 17. git checkout 18. git merge 19. git tag 20. git push -‐-‐tags

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#1. git help $ git help usage: git [-‐-‐version] [-‐-‐exec-‐path[=]] [-‐-‐html-‐pat [-‐p|-‐-‐paginate|-‐-‐no-‐pager] [-‐-‐no-‐replace-‐objec [-‐-‐git-‐dir=] [-‐-‐work-‐tree=] [-‐-‐nam [-‐c name=value] [-‐-‐help] [] $ git help init NAME git-‐config -‐ Get and set repository or global opti SYNOPSIS git config [] [type] [-‐z|-‐-‐null] nam

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#2. git config $ git config -‐-‐global user.name "Jeremy Lindblom" $ git config -‐-‐global user.email myemailaddress@gmail.com $ git config user.name Jeremy Lindblom $ git config user.email myemailaddress@gmail.com

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#3. git init $ mkdir git-‐test $ cd git-‐test $ ls -‐a . .. $ git init Initialized empty Git repository in ~/git-‐test/.git/ $ ls -‐a . .. .git $ ls -‐a .git . HEAD config hooks objects .. branches description info refs

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#4. git status $ git status # On branch master # # Initial commit # nothing to commit (create/copy files and use "git add" to track)

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making changes

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making changes ..." to include in commit) # README.md # index.php nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use "git add" to track) # Git Test index.php README.md

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#5. git add $ git add index.php $ git add README.md $ git status # On branch master # Initial commit # Changes to be committed: # (use "git rm -‐-‐cached ..." to unstage) # # new file: index.php # new file: README.md #

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#6. git rm --cached $ git rm -‐-‐cached README.md $ git status # On branch master # Initial commit # Changes to be committed: # (use "git rm -‐-‐cached ..." to unstage) # new file: index.php # # Untracked files: # (use "git add ..." to include in commit) # README.md

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#7. git commit $ git add . $ git commit -‐m "Added index and README" [master (root-‐commit) 3ea3f8f] Added index and README 2 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-‐) create mode 100644 README.md create mode 100644 index.php $ git status # On branch master nothing to commit (working directory clean)

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#8. git diff $ git diff diff -‐-‐git a/README.md b/README.md index fdd135c..5152172 100644 -‐-‐-‐ a/README.md +++ b/README.md @@ -‐1,4 +1,4 @@ # Git Test -‐Testing out git. +Testing out git. It's not too hard.

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#9. git reset $ git status # On branch master # Changes not staged for commit: # (use "git add ..." to update for commit) # (use "git checkout -‐-‐ ..." to discard changes) # # modified: README.md # no changes added to commit (use "git add) $ git reset -‐-‐hard HEAD is now at fdd135c Added index and README

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#10. git log $ git log fdd135cd6e09efd9c0b1b30387c2d555 Added index and README 0190a93b810f5084fa3a85afc54cf0d6 Initial commit

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we're still local! $ git log fdd135cd6e09efd9c0b1b30387c2d555 Added index and README 0190a93b810f5084fa3a85afc54cf0d6 Initial commit

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#11. git remote $ git remote add origin git@github.com:vendor/project.git $ git remote -‐-‐verbose origin git@github.com:vendor/project.git (fetch) origin git@github.com:vendor/project.git (push)

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workflow for changes Local

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#12. git push $ git push origin master Counting objects: 6, done. Delta compression using up to 4 threads. Compressing objects: 100% (2/2), done. Writing objects: 100% (4/4), 432 bytes, done. Total 4 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0) To git@github.com:vendor/project.git 0190a93..fdd135c master -‐> master

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#13. git clone $ cd ../ $ rm -‐rf git-‐test/ $ git clone git@github.com:jeremeamia/git-‐test.git Cloning into 'git-‐test'... remote: Counting objects: 9, done. remote: Compressing objects: 100% (6/6), done. remote: Total 9 (delta 1), reused 4 (delta 0) Receiving objects: 100% (9/9), done. Resolving deltas: 100% (1/1), done. $ cd git-‐test

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#14. git pull $ git pull origin master From github.com:jeremeamia/git-‐test * branch master -‐> FETCH_HEAD Current branch master is up to date.

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#15. git fetch $ git fetch origin git pull vs. git fetch

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#16. git branch $ git branch improve-‐readme $ git branch improve-‐readme * master

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#17. git checkout $ git checkout improve-‐readme Switched to branch 'improve-‐readme' $ git branch * improve-‐readme master

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#18. git merge $ vim README.md $ git add . $ git commit -‐m "Improved the README" [improve-‐readme 749305e] Improved the README 1 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-‐) $ git checkout master Switched to branch 'master' $ git merge improve-‐readme Updating fdd135c..749305e Fast-‐forward README.md | 2 ++ 1 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-‐)

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#19. git tag $ git tag v1.0.0 $ git tag v1.0.0 http://semver.org/

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#20. git push --tags $ git push -‐-‐tags origin master Counting objects: 5, done. Delta compression using up to 4 threads. Compressing objects: 100% (3/3), done. Writing objects: 100% (3/3), 328 bytes, done. Total 3 (delta 1), reused 0 (delta 0) To git@github.com:jeremeamia/git-‐test.git fdd135c..749305e master -‐> master * [new tag] 1.0.0 -‐> 1.0.0

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congratulations! 1. git help 2. git config 3. git init 4. git status 5. git add 6. git rm -‐-‐cached 7. git commit 8. git diff 9. git reset 10. git log 11. git remote 12. git push 13. git clone 14. git pull 15. git fetch 16. git branch 17. git checkout 18. git merge 19. git tag 20. git push -‐-‐tags

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commands summary Starting: Changing: Status: Syncing: Branching: Releasing: init, clone, config add, commit, status, reset, rm push, pull, fetch, remote branch, merge, checkout tag, push -‐-‐tags status, diff, log

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“You’re Doin’ Git!” By Jeremy Lindblom ♫ ♬ ♫ ♫ ♬ ♬

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git help, config, and init. remote, fetch, pull, let's edit. diff, add, status, commit. you're doin' git. log, branch, checkout, that's it! checkout, merge, rebase, don't quit. clean, reset, tag, push those bits! you're doin' git! fork and clone all the repos you know, patches and pull requests, you'll steal the git show. you're doin' git. you're doing it! check git blame and see your username. hope you ran the tests before your commit, or other devs will think you're an idiot. you're doin' git. (x4) You're Doin' Git! ©2013 Jeremy Lindblom

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git — tools —

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git hosting Third-party hosting •  GitHub •  Bitbucket •  SourceForge •  Gitorious •  Google Code •  CodePlex Self-hosting •  Git •  Gitolite •  Gitosis

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git guis •  git-gui + gitk •  GitHub (web / Mac / Windows) •  Tower •  GitBox •  SourceTree •  TortoiseGit •  Your IDE

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git — workflows —

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popular workflows •  git-flow – http://nvie.com/posts/a-successful-git- branching-model/ •  Github Flow – http://scottchacon.com/2011/08/31/ github-flow.html

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git-flow [4]

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multiple remotes AWS SDK for PHP AWS SDK for PHP

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custom workflows AWS SDK for PHP

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[5]

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github features •  Awesome web interface •  Encourages collaboration •  Issue and milestone trackers •  Wikis, project pages, organizations •  Comments and code reviews •  Forking and Pull Requests (PRs)

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git what? • why? • how?

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git why? how? what? A fast, distributed, fun, popular, & free VCS. To be employable & a good OSS contributor. Learn the CLI & tools. Create lots of branches.

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git educated about git by Jeremy Lindblom ( @jeremeamia ) Thanks! Questions? Rate on Joind.in: https://joind.in/10519

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git tutorials •  http://try.github.io/ •  http://book.git-scm.com/ •  http://progit.org/book/ •  http://gitimmersion.com/ •  http://githowto.com/ •  http://gitref.org/ •  http://gitready.com/

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references 1.  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Revision_control 2.  http://git-scm.com/book/ch1-3.html 3.  http://git-scm.com/book/en/Getting- Started-About-Version-Control 4.  http://nvie.com/posts/a-successful-git- branching-model/ 5.  https://github.com/aws/aws-sdk-php