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Dark Corners of the SPL Photo By: SSG Ryan Boas Midwest PHP 2019

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Photo By: Tom Walsh

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Photo By: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center

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Data Structures SplDoublyLinkedList SplStack SplQueue SplHeap SplMaxHeap SplMinHeap SplPriorityQueue SplFixedArray SplObjectStorage https://secure.php.net/manual/en/spl.datastructures.php

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Big-O O(1) - Constant no matter how big your data O(log n) - Grows slowly with your data O(n) - Grows linearly with your data O(n2) - Grows quadratically with your data O(2n) - Grows exponentially with your data O(n!) - LOL https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_O

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Photo By: Cmglee

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Performance SPL version versus simple array 1,000,000 random elements Sorting, iterating, or both Time and memory usage

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Data Structures SplDoublyLinkedList SplStack SplQueue SplPriorityQueue SplFixedArray SplObjectStorage SplHeap SplMaxHeap SplMinHeap

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Image By: Bhavikp19

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SplDoublyLinkedList Access: O(n) Search: O(n) Insert: O(1) Delete: O(1)

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$list = new SplDoublyLinkedList(); $list->push('Ash'); $list->push('Bingo'); $list->push('Charlie'); $list->push('Echo'); foreach ($list as $key => $character) { echo $key, ' ', $character, PHP_EOL; } echo PHP_EOL; https://github.com/omnicolor/dark-corners-of-the-spl/blob/master/SplDoublyLinkedList.php

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$list->push('Echo'); foreach ($list as $key => $character) { echo $key, ' ', $character, PHP_EOL; } echo PHP_EOL; 0 Ash 1 Bingo 2 Charlie 3 Echo

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0 Ash 1 Bingo 2 Charlie 3 Echo $list->add(3, 'Delta'); foreach ($list as $key => $character) { echo $key, ' ', $character, PHP_EOL; } echo PHP_EOL;

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foreach ($list as $key => $character) { echo $key, ' ', $character, PHP_EOL; } echo PHP_EOL; 0 Ash 1 Bingo 2 Charlie 3 Delta 4 Echo

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2 Charlie 3 Delta 4 Echo $list->rewind(); echo sprintf( "It's %s's turn! They take out %s!", $list->current(), $list[2] ), PHP_EOL; $list->offsetUnset(2); foreach ($list as $key => $character) { echo $key, ' ', $character, PHP_EOL; } echo PHP_EOL;

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foreach ($list as $key => $character) { echo $key, ' ', $character, PHP_EOL; } echo PHP_EOL; It's Ash's turn! They take out Charlie! 0 Ash 1 Bingo 2 Delta 3 Echo

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Data Structures SplDoublyLinkedList SplStack SplQueue SplPriorityQueue SplFixedArray SplObjectStorage SplHeap SplMaxHeap SplMinHeap

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SplStack performance $startTime = microtime(true); $startSize = memory_get_usage(); $arrayStack = []; for ($i = 0; $i < $numItems; $i++) { array_push($arrayStack, mt_rand()); } $peakSize = memory_get_usage(); while (!empty($arrayStack)) { echo array_pop($arrayStack), ' '; } echo PHP_EOL; $startTime = microtime(true); $startSize = memory_get_usage(); $stack = new SplStack(); for ($i = 0; $i < $numItems; $i++) { $stack->push(mt_rand()); } $peakSize = memory_get_usage(); while (!$stack->isEmpty()) { echo $stack->pop(), ' '; } echo PHP_EOL; https://github.com/omnicolor/dark-corners-of-the-spl/blob/master/SplStackTest.php

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SplStack performance Array: 2.78 seconds 32MiB Stack: 2.79 seconds 38MiB

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Data Structures SplDoublyLinkedList SplStack SplQueue SplPriorityQueue SplFixedArray SplObjectStorage SplHeap SplMaxHeap SplMinHeap

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Image By: Ermishin

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SplHeap Access: O(log n) Search: O(log n) Insert: O(log n) Delete: O(log n)

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class Character { public $name; public $initiative; public function __construct( string $name, int $init ) { $this->name = $name; $this->initiative = $init; } } https://github.com/omnicolor/dark-corners-of-the-spl/blob/master/SplHeap.php

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class InitiativeHeap extends SplMaxHeap { public function compare($a, $b) : int { return $a->initiative - $b->initiative; } }

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$init = new InitiativeHeap(); $init->insert(new Character('Ash', random_int(1, 30))); $init->insert(new Character('Bingo', random_int(1, 30))); $init->insert(new Character('Charlie', random_int(1, 30))); $init->insert(new Character('Echo', random_int(1, 30))); foreach ($init as $character) { echo sprintf( '%s %d', $character->name, $character->initiative ), PHP_EOL; }

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foreach ($init as $character) { echo sprintf( '%s %d', $character->name, $character->initiative ), PHP_EOL; } Ash 30 Echo 27 Charlie 16 Bingo 12

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SplHeap Array: 2.84 seconds 32MiB Heap: 5.20 seconds 16MiB https://github.com/omnicolor/dark-corners-of-the-spl/blob/master/SplHeapTest.php

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Data Structures SplDoublyLinkedList SplStack SplQueue SplHeap SplMaxHeap SplMinHeap SplPriorityQueue SplFixedArray SplObjectStorage

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SplFixedArray Access: O(1) Search: O(n) Insert: O(1) or O(n) Delete: O(n)

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$a = [ 'foo' => 1, 'bar' => new StdClass(), 1 => null, false => true, ]; var_dump($a); array(3) { [“foo"]=>int(1) [“bar"]=>object(stdClass)#1 (0) {} [1]=>NULL [0]=>bool(true) } $b = [ 0 => 10, 2 => 22, PHP_INT_MAX => PHP_INT_MAX, ]; var_dump($b); array(3) { [0]=>int(10) [2]=>int(22) [9223372036854775807]=> int(9223372036854775807) } https://github.com/omnicolor/dark-corners-of-the-spl/blob/master/SplFixedArray.php

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$c = new SplFixedArray(3); $c[0] = 10; $c[1] = 20; $c[2] = 42; var_dump($c); object(SplFixedArray)#2 (3) { [0]=>int(10) [1]=>int(20) [2]=>int(42) }

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$d = new SplFixedArray(3); $d[0] = 10; $d[1] = 20; $d[2] = 42; $d[3] = 99; var_dump($d); PHP Fatal error: Uncaught RuntimeException: Index invalid or out of range in SplFixedArray.php:33 Stack trace: #0 {main} thrown in SplFixedArray.php on line 33

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$e = new SplFixedArray(3); $e[0] = 10; $e[1] = 20; $e[2] = 42; $e->setSize(4); $e[3] = 99; var_dump($e); object(SplFixedArray)#5 (4) { [0]=>int(10) [1]=>int(20) [2]=>int(42) [3]=>int(99) }

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SplFixedArray Array: 2.58 seconds 32MiB Fixed: 2.67 seconds 15MiB

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Data Structures SplDoublyLinkedList SplStack SplQueue SplHeap SplMaxHeap SplMinHeap SplPriorityQueue SplFixedArray SplObjectStorage

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Data Structures SplDoublyLinkedList SplStack SplQueue SplHeap SplMaxHeap SplMinHeap SplPriorityQueue SplFixedArray SplObjectStorage

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$char = new Character(); $storage = []; $storage[$char] = [‘alive’ => true]; Warning: Illegal offset type in SplObjectStorage.php on line 3

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class Character {} class Enemy {} class Buff {} class Ailment {}

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class Buff {} class Ailment {} $fighter = new Character(); $mage = new Character(); $goblin = new Enemy(); $ogre = new Enemy(); $haste = new Buff(); $poison = new Ailment();

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$encounter = new SplObjectStorage(); $encounter->attach($fighter, [$haste]); $encounter->attach($mage, [$haste, $poison]); $encounter[$goblin] = [$poison]; $encounter->attach($ogre); foreach ($encounter as $key => $value) { print_r($key); echo PHP_EOL; print_r($value); } $poison = new Ailment();

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foreach ($encounter as $key => $value) { print_r($key); echo PHP_EOL; print_r($value); } 0 Character Object() 1 Character Object() 2 Enemy Object() 3 Enemy Object()

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object(SplObjectStorage)#7 (1) { ["storage":"SplObjectStorage":private]=>array(4) { ["000000005460553e00000000545bda63"]=>array(2) { ["obj"]=>object(Character)#1 (0) {} ["inf"]=>array(1) { [0]=>object(Buff)#5 (0) {} } } } }

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foreach ($encounter as $key) { print_r($key); print_r($encounter[$key]); }

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print_r($encounter[$key]); } Character Object() // fighter Array( [0] => Buff Object() // haste ) Character Object() // mage Array( [0] => Buff Object() // haste [1] => Ailment Object() // poison ) Enemy Object() // goblin Array( [0] => Ailment Object() // poison ) Enemy Object()

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–Lady Gaga “I just am committed wholeheartedly to theatre with no intermission.”

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SPL Interfaces Countable OuterIterator RecursiveIterator SeekableIterator SplObserver SplSubject https://secure.php.net/manual/en/spl.interfaces.php

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Countable interface Countable { public function count() : int; }

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class Countable { public function count() : int { return 42; } } $foo = new Countable(); echo count($foo), PHP_EOL;

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class Countable { public function count() : int { return 42; } } $foo = new Countable(); echo count($foo), PHP_EOL; Warning: count(): Parameter must be an array or an object that implements Countable in Countable.php on line 13 1

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object that implements Countable in Countable.php on line 13 1 class ActuallyCountable implements Countable { public function count() { return 42; } } $bar = new ActuallyCountable(); echo count($bar), PHP_EOL;

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SplSubject interface SplSubject { function attach(SplObserver $observer): void; function detach(SplObserver $observer): void; function notify(): void; }

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SplObserver interface SplObserver { function update(SplSubject $subject): void; }

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// ... public function attach(\SplObserver $observer): void { $this->observers->attach($observer); } class Character implements \SplSubject, \SplObserver { public $name; protected $observers; protected $message; public function __construct(string $name) { $this->name = $name; $this->observers = new \SplObjectStorage(); } // ...

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// ... public function update(\SplSubject $subject): void { // ... public function attach(\SplObserver $observer): void { $this->observers->attach($observer); } public function detach(\SplObserver $observer): void { $this->observers->detach($observer); } public function notify(): void { foreach ($this->observers as $observer) { $observer->update($this); } } // ... } // ...

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// ... public function sendMessage(string $message): void { $this->message = $message; $this->notify(); foreach ($this->observers as $observer) { $observer->update($this); } } // ... // ... public function update(\SplSubject $subject): void { echo sprintf( '%s received message: %s', $this->name, $subject->readMessage() ), PHP_EOL; } // ...

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$subject->readMessage() ), PHP_EOL; } // ... } $fighter = new Character('Fighter'); $mage = new Character('Mage'); $thief = new Character('Thief'); // ... public function sendMessage(string $message): void { $this->message = $message; $this->notify(); } public function readMessage(): string { return sprintf( '%s said "%s"', $this->name, $this->message ); } }

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return sprintf( '%s said "%s"', $this->name, $this->message ); } } } $fighter = new Character('Fighter'); $mage = new Character('Mage'); $thief = new Character('Thief'); $paladin = new Character('Paladin'); // Fighter, mage, and paladin listen to everyone else. $mage->attach($fighter); $thief->attach($fighter); $paladin->attach($fighter); $fighter->attach($mage); $thief->attach($mage); $paladin->attach($mage); $fighter->attach($paladin); $mage->attach($paladin); $thief->attach($paladin); $thief->attach($paladin);

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// Thief doesn't pay attention to anyone else, jerk. $paladin->sendMessage( ’Get ready for a fight. Mage, can you buff us?’ ); $mage->sendMessage('Sure, give me a second.'); $fighter->sendMessage('LEEEEROY JENKINS!'); $thief->sendMessage('Dangit Fighter!'); $thief->attach($mage); $paladin->attach($mage); $fighter->attach($paladin); $mage->attach($paladin);

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Fighter received message: Paladin said "Get ready for a fight. Mage, can you buff us?" Mage received message: Paladin said "Get ready for a fight. Mage, can you buff us?" Fighter received message: Mage said "Sure, give me a second." Paladin received message: Mage said "Sure, give me a second." Mage received message: Fighter said "LEEEEROY JENKINS!" Paladin received message: Fighter said "LEEEEROY JENKINS!" Fighter received message: Thief said "Dangit Fighter!" Mage received message: Thief said "Dangit Fighter!" Paladin received message: Thief said "Dangit Fighter!"

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SPL Exceptions BadFunctionCallException BadMethodCallException DomainException InvalidArgumentException LengthException LogicException OutOfBoundsException OutOfRangeException OverflowException RangeException RuntimeException UnderflowException UnexpectedValueException https://secure.php.net/manual/en/spl.exceptions.php

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SPL File Handling SplFileInfo SplFileObject SplTempFileObject https://secure.php.net/manual/en/spl.files.php

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ArrayObject

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Slides: https://bit.ly/2EFZsea https://twitter.com/omnicolor Omni Adams [email protected] https://joind.in/talk/7e11a https://github.com/omnicolor/dark-corners-of-the-spl When I Work