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LATERNA MAGICA

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REFE RENC E

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LATERNA MAGICA

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GLASS GLASS DEVICE

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LATERNA MAGICA

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THE OLDE BUNNY TRICK

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MY LATEST AIR PUMP

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THE OLDE BUNNY TRICK

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THE OLDE BUNNY TRICK

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microfluidics

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Microf luidics

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waves

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On nanofluidics and why it’s so great S. Holmes, Baker Street, London

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DNA research confinement & reading Tegenfeldt 2004, Craighead group Kasianowicz , 1996

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Nanotechnology: spatial design instead of randomness Korda, 2002 Huang, 2004 Continuous flow!

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Thermal ratchets: employ noise Koss, 2003 Bader, 2004 Separation speed scales with 1/d2 !

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Actin-myosin movement by ATP-biased Brownian motion (Kitamura 1999)

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Rustom, 2004

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Natura artis magistra (or: bottom-up and top-down) There’s plenty of sophistication at the bottom

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Bottom-up: Aquaporins specific transport

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proton transport blocked Water dipole reorientation  no dipole chain  no Grotthus proton conduction Tajkhorshid et al., Science, 296 (2002) 525

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Aquaporin http://www.ks.uiuc.edu/Research/aquaporins/

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Bottom-up: Na+ K+ ATPase active transport through cell wall

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Separation!

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• Na+/K+ separating force (Energy / distance ) : 1ATP / (membrane thickness) = 14 kT / 4 nm  14 pN • Pumps against E-field of 70 mV / 4 nm = 1.75e7 V/m • Electrophoresis: max. 2e5 V/m  0.03 pN on unit charge • Almost isothermal, ~ 100% efficiency • Energy dissipation only where needed

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Combining top/down and bottom/up Cornell, 1997

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Why nanofluidics is so great • Single molecule studies • Freedom of nanoarchitecture instead of random separation structure – Sophisticated sieving (continuous flow), ratchets • From nature: active transport for separation – efficient – high separating field gradients – specific

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Now, isn’t that great???

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